Objective To explore the effect of drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation for early non-culprit vessel's revascularization on the prognosis of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients presenting with multivessel disease (MVD) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods A total of 212 selected patients, admitted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from Jan. 1, 2016 to Jul. 30, 2018, diagnosed as STEMI with MVD undergoing emergency PCI treatment, were recruited in present single-center retrospective study. According to the treatment strategy, all the subjects were then divided into control group (n=153) and experimental group (n=59). Patients in control group received culprit vessel emergency PCI only, and those in experimental group underwent early non-culprit vessel's DES revascularization (Within 14 days of hospitalization) after culprit vessel's PCI. The incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE, a composite endpoint of cardiac death, recurrent myocardial infarction, ischemia-driven revascularization and heart failure) and safety end point events within 12 months after PCI were compared between the two groups. The influencing factors for MACE were analyzed by logistic regression. Results The incidence of MACE was significantly lower in treatment group than that in control group 12 months after PCI (5.1% vs. 22.2%, P=0.006). No significant statistical difference existed between the two groups in all-cause mortality (0% vs. 5.1%), malignant angina pectoris (1.7% vs. 7.8%), contrast nephropathy (3.4% vs. 2.6%), gastrointestinal bleeding (0% vs. 5.1%), and stroke (3.4% vs. 0.7%). Logistic regression showed that the control group (only received culprit vessel PCI) and prolonged operation time were the risk factors for MACE. Conclusion Early revascularization of non-culprit vessel is safer than only culprit vessel PCI, can reduce the incidence of MACE, improves the prognosis, and reduces hospitalization rates within the 12 months after PCI in acute STEMI patients with MVD.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pluripotent stem cells with high self-proliferation and multidirectional differentiation potential. They also have other functions including immune regulation, paracrine and so on, playing an important role in repairing injured tissues. In recent years, a lot of research has been done on how MSCs promote skin injury repair, and a lot of progress has been made. Compared with direct injection of MSCs in the wound area, some special treatments or transplantation methods could enhance the ability of MSCs to repair skin injury. This paper mainly discusses the role of MSCs in skin injury repair and technical ways to improve its repairing capacity, and discusses the existing problems in this field and prospects for future research directions.
Cell Differentiation ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells ; Skin

5-aminovalanoic acid (5AVA) can be used as the precursor of new plastics nylon 5 and nylon 56, and is a promising platform compound for the synthesis of polyimides. At present, the biosynthesis of 5-aminovalanoic acid generally is of low yield, complex synthesis process and high cost, which hampers large-scale industrial production. In order to achieve efficient biosynthesis of 5AVA, we developed a new pathway mediated by 2-keto-6-aminohexanoate. By combinatory expression of L-lysine α-oxidase from Scomber japonicus, α-ketoacid decarcarboxylase from Lactococcus lactis and aldehyde dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli, the synthesis of 5AVA from L-lysine in Escherichia coli was achieved. Under the initial conditions of glucose concentration of 55 g/L and lysine hydrochloride of 40 g/L, the final consumption of 158 g/L glucose and 144 g/L lysine hydrochloride, feeding batch fermentation to produce 57.52 g/L of 5AVA, and the molar yield is 0.62 mol/mol. The new 5AVA biosynthetic pathway does not require ethanol and H₂O₂, and achieved a higher production efficiency as compared to the previously reported Bio-Chem hybrid pathway mediated by 2-keto-6-aminohexanoate.
Nylons ; Lysine/metabolism* ; Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism* ; Metabolic Engineering ; Plastics/metabolism* ; Fermentation ; Escherichia coli/metabolism* ; Aminocaproates/metabolism*

Medicinal plants are beneficial to human health. However,most of the major producing regions of medicinal plants suffer from rust disease,which threatens the yield and quality of Chinese medicinal materials,thus causes huge economic loss,and hinders the sustainable development of the Chinese medicine industry. By the end of 2020,rust disease had been reported in medicinal plants of 76 species and 33 families. In the 76 species,79 rust pathogens were detected. The majority of these pathogens belonged to Puccinia( 33,39. 24%),Coleosporium( 14,15. 19%),and Aecidium( 11,13. 92%). Of these 79 rust pathogens,10 were autoecious and 13 were heteroecious. Through literature research,this study reviewed the symptoms,pathogen species,severity and distribution,prevalence and occurrence conditions,and control measures of rust disease in medicinal plants,and thereby summarized the research status of rust disease in medicinal plants and the gap with other plants,which is expected to serve as a reference for further research on rust disease in medicinal plants.
Basidiomycota/genetics* ; Humans ; Plant Diseases ; Plants, Medicinal

OBJECTIVETo explore the therapeutic basis of high dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in treatment of peripheral neuropathy induced by Campylobacter jejuni lipopolysaccharide (CJ LPS).

METHOD(1) IVIg (400 mg/kg x d) was given to the rats on the different days respectively during the immunization with CJ LPS. Histological study of sciatic nerve was performed on the 35 th day after immunization. The titer of anti-CJ LPS antibody in sera of immunized rats was measured by ELISA; IgG deposition was detected by immunohistochemistry and expression of TNF-alpha mRNA in the pathological nerves by in situ hybridization histochemistry. (2) When PBMCs were stimulated by CJ LPS in vitro, IVIg was added into culture medium at the doses of 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/ml, respectively. Pathological examination of sciatic nerve was performed on the 7th day after perineural injection of the supernatants. Expression of TNF-alpha mRNA in PBMCs stimulated by CJ LPS in medium was detected by in situ hybridization histochemistry after adding IVIg.

RESULTS(1) The rate of abnormal fibers appearance in IVIg group (1.0%) was much lower than that of the control group (15.0%) after immunization with CJ LPS, P < 0.01. The titer of antibody in control group was 9 times higher than that of IVIg group. There was no expression of immunoglobulin and TNF-alphamRNA in peripheral nerves in IVIg group, but high expression was found in control group in which no IVIg was injected. (2) The expression rates of TNF-alphamRNA on the PBMCs in IVIg group (1.0%) was much lower than that of control group (9.5%). (3) When the PBMCs of normal rats were stimulated by CJ LPS, the expression rates of TNF-alphamRNA in PBMCs of 5 mg/ml IVIg group (3.0%) or 10 mg/ml IVIg group (2.0%) were much lower than that of 1 mg/ml IVIg group (15.0%) or 2.5 mg/ml IVIg group (11.5%), P < 0.01. The rate of abnormal fibers appearance in 5 mg/ml IVIg group (9.8%) or 10 mg/ml IVIg group (8.5%) was much lower than that of 1 mg/ml IVIg group (50.0%), 2.5 mg/ml IVIg group (41.0%) or control group (50.8%) after the perineural injection with the supernatants, respectively, P < 0.01.

CONCLUSIONThe therapeutic effect of high dose IVIg might be associated with inhibition of the humoral and cellular immunity simultaneously in peripheral neuropathy induced by CJ LPS.

Animals ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ; administration & dosage ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; genetics ; immunology ; therapy ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; analysis ; genetics

ObjectiveTo simulate the microstructure and mechanical properties of tendon tissue and promote its regeneration and repair, electrospinning technology was used to prepare L-polylactic acid (PLLA) fiber membranes loaded with different nano zinc oxide contents and with oriented structures. Physical and chemical characterization and biological performance evaluation were carried out to explore their effects on tendon cell proliferation and differentiation. MethodsPreparation of PLLA fiber scaffolds and PLLA/ZnO fiber scaffolds containing different mass fractions of nano ZnO was performed using electrospinning technology. The physicochemical properties of the scaffold were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, mechanical stretching, and EDS spectroscopy. The scaffold was co-cultured with mouse tendon cells to detect its biocompatibility and regulatory effects on cell differentiation behavior. ResultsThe fiber scaffolds were arranged in an oriented manner, and zinc elements were uniformly distributed in the fibers. The tensile strength and Young’s modulus of PLLA/0.1%ZnO fiber scaffolds were significantly higher than PLLA fiber scaffolds. The number of cells on the surface of PLLA/0.1%ZnO fiber scaffold was significantly higher than that of the PLLA group, and the activity was better; mouse tendon cells exhibit directional adhesion and growth along the fiber arrangement direction. ConclusionThe oriented PLLA/0.1%ZnO fiber scaffold had excellent physicochemical properties, which can significantly promote the oriented growth, proliferation and differentiation of tendon cells. It is expected to be used for tendon tissue regeneration and repair in the future.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Hepatitis B Virus X Protein (HBx) on the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes and its role in pathogenesis of hepatocyte fatty degeneration.

METHODSHepatitis B Virus X gene eukaryon expression vector pIRES2-eGFP-HBx was transfected into HepG2 cells to establish HepG2/HBx cell model for HBx expression. HepG2 cells transfected with pIRES2-eGFP (HepG2/pIRES2 cell) and non-transfected were used as controls. At 24, 48 and 72 hours after transfection, the expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) was observed by fluorescence microscope and the triglyceride(TG) content was detected. RT-PCR and Western blot were applied to detect the levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), liver x receptor alpha (LXRalpha) mRNA and the levels of HBx, LXRalpha and fatty acid synthase (FAS) protein. At 24, 48 and 72 hours after transfection, the expression of GFP was found in HepG2/HBx and HepG2/pIRES2 cells, and increased gradually. The expression of HBx was detected only in HepG2/HBx cells, and was increased with time after transfection (F = 32.21, P less than 0.01). These suggested successful obtaining of HepG2-HBx cell model for HBx expression.

RESULTSAt 24h, 48h and 72h after transfection, the expression levels of LXRalpha mRNA (0.386+/-0.055, 0.505+/-0.071, 0.649+/-0.058 ) and SREBP-1 mRNA (0.395+/-0.055, 0.548+/-0.047, 0.795+/-0.058), as well as the levels of LXRalpha protein(0.178+/-0.036, 0.263+/-0.047, 0.347+/-0.058) and FAS protein(0.436+/-0.055, 0.608+/-0.053, 0.827+/-0.046) in HepG2-HBx group were dramatically higher than those in the controls at the same time points (all P less than 0.05/0.01), and were gradually increased with time (all P less than 0.05/0.01). A positive correlationship was observed between HBX protein level and the LXRalpha, SREbP-1 mRNA and LXRalpha, FAS protein levels. The difference of TG content between HepG2/HBx group and control groups was not statistically significant (P more than 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSHBx-LXRalpha-SREBP-1/FAS pathway suggested regulating transcription and expression of lipid metabolism-related genes, which might be one of the important molecular mechanism causing hepatocyte fatty degeneration.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I ; metabolism ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Lipid Metabolism ; genetics ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Liver X Receptors ; Orphan Nuclear Receptors ; metabolism ; Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 ; metabolism ; Trans-Activators ; genetics ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic effects of AdCTLA4 Ig/Adα4β7-dendritic cell (DC) in the ovalbumin (OVA) allergic BALB/c mice.

METHODTwenty-four Female BALB/c mice aged 4-6 weeks fed on the ovalbumin-free feed were randomly divided into 3 groups: (1) treatment group: the OVA sensitized mice were injected with tolerogenic AdCTLA4-Ig/Adα4β7-DC after being challenged with OVA. (2) negative control group: mice were sensitized and challenged with normal saline. (3) positive control group: mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA. The level of the OVA-specific IgE in serum was measured by ELISA. The jejunal samples were observed histologically after HE staining. The level of IL-10 and TGF-β in murine intestine was detected by immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent methods, respectively.

RESULTCompared with the positive group, caudal vein injection with AdCTLA4Ig/Adα4β7-DC in treatment group reduced the level of the OVA-specific IgE in the serum remarkably, inhibited the inflammatory reactions of the intestine and increased the expression of the IL-10 in intestine significantly. There was no significant change in the expression of TGF-β in each group.

CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrated that caudal vein injection with tolerogenic AdTLA4Ig/Adα4β7-DC may be of potential research value in the treatment of food allergy by inducing immune tolerance in vivo.

Animals ; Dendritic Cells ; immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Egg Hypersensitivity ; therapy ; Female ; Immune Tolerance ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-10 ; immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Ovalbumin ; adverse effects ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo explore the characteristics of various seizure types in infantile spasm (IS) and to recognize the clinical and electrophysiological differences among spasm, myoclonic and tonic seizures.

METHODSTotally 681 seizures of 8 infants with IS were analyzed, including 20 episodes of non-cortical myoclonus which were finally ruled out by video-electroencephalogram-electromyogram polygraphic recordings (VEEG-EMG) and off-line analysis of jerk-locked back averaging (JLA). As a control, the data of 58 myoclonic seizures collected from an infant with Aicardi syndrome within two months before his typical clinical presentations of IS were also analyzed.

RESULTSThree types of seizures were recorded from the 8 infants, including spasm, myoclonic and tonic seizures with the incidence of 94.4%, 4.5%, and 1.1%, respectively. Spasms were mostly presented as body muscle contraction axially, which often occurred in clusters and evolved in a crescendo-decrescendo manner; 85.7% of them lasted for 0.4 - 3.0 s and 14.3% for 3 - 7 s. In addition, there were 273 seizures which were identified as subtle spasms according to their ictal EEG with high voltage slow wave (HVS) and fast wave bursts in most. There was no constantly time-locked EEG correlating to spasms even when JLA was applied for analysis. Myoclonic seizures were shock-like muscle constraction lasting for less than 400 ms with or without visible epileptic discharges in its ictal EEG. However, there was a time-locked cortical discharge discerned by JLA in epileptic myoclonus. Tonic seizures were consisted of sustained muscle contractions involving limbs and trunk, lasting for more than 3 s. Its ictal EEGs were more likely low amplitude fast waves and medium amplitude theta activities. Some spasms, named as tonic spasm, could be distinguished from tonic seizure according to the seizure duration which was always less than 2 s in tonic spasms and their different EEG patterns.

CONCLUSIONSThere were various seizure types in IS but spasm was the predominant one. With polyneuroelectrophysiological tests including EEG-EMG and JLA, it would be much helpful to precisely recognize the different common seizure types including spasm, tonic spasm, myoclonic and tonic seizure during infancy which is important for the diagnosis, classification and treatment of infantile epilepsy.

Brain ; physiopathology ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsies, Myoclonic ; diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Seizures ; diagnosis ; Spasm ; diagnosis ; Spasms, Infantile ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Videotape Recording

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical and neuroelectrophysiological characteristics of myoclonus of different origins in children.

METHODThirty-two children with myoclonic seizure were analyzed by video electroencephalogram-electromyogram (VEEG-EMG) polygraphic recordings, jerk-locked back averaging (JLA) and short latency somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP). They were classified into cortical myoclonus (CM), subcortical myoclonus (SCM), and unidentified group according to their generating locations, and also were classified into epileptic and non-epileptic myoclonus based on their different properties.

RESULTThe 32 patients included 14 with CM, 14 with SCM and 4 with unidentified origin. (1) CM group: the myoclonic patients presented as focal and/or multifocal seizures in 11 cases and as generalized in another 3 patients besides focal myoclonus. Arrhythmic jerks were shown completely in 11 cases and rhythmic seizures were concomitant in another 3 patients. Myoclonus sensitivity to sensory stimulus was observed in 10 patients. The durations of EMG burst were 10-52 ms. Background EEGs were presented normal in 4 patients and slowing in 10 patients. The epileptiform discharges in interictal EEG were variable. The ictal EEG showed epileptic discharges with each clinical jerk in 9 cases but only with some jerks in 4 patients. Another one had no any EEG abnormality in each jerk. The myoclonus-related spikes were disclosed in 13 cases by JLA. Of the 10 cases who underwent SSEP, giant SSEPs were seen in 3 cases including the one with normal EEG and JLA analyses. (2) SCM group: myoclonus was presented as generalized in 8 cases and as focal in 6 cases. All the patients showed arrhythmic jerks and 14 cases were not sensitive to stimulus. The durations of EMG burst were from 60 ms to 400 ms. Normal background EEGs were presented in 6 patients and slowing in 8 patients. The interictal EEG showed no consistent abnormality. Epileptic discharges associated with myoclonus seizures were not found in any of 9 patients but were observed with some seizure changes in 5 cases. There was no myoclonus-related spike by JLA in this group. SSEPs were normal in all patients. (3) The group with unidentified origin: the durations of EMG were from 60 ms to 400 ms, and their EEG and SSEP recordings were normal. In addition, 32 patients could be classified as epileptic myoclonus in 14 cases and nonepileptic myoclonus in 18 cases by the polyneurophysiological tests.

CONCLUSION(1) It is not reliable to identify myoclonus seizures and their clinical properties depending on their interictal and ictal EEGs only. (2) Polyneuroelectrophysiological tests, including EEG-EMG, JLA, and SSEP, seem to be valuable and useful to identify the generating locations and properties for different myoclonus in children.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Electroencephalography ; Electromyography ; Epilepsies, Myoclonic ; physiopathology ; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Myoclonus ; classification ; physiopathology