Objective To investigate the alteration of chaperone hsp40 and its effects on the dealyed neuron death in the CAI neurons after transient cerebral ischemia.Method Twenty-minute transient global ischemia rat model was used.Following different repeffusion period,all the 28 wistar rats were divided into sham-operation group ,4-hour recovery group,24-honr recovery group and 72-hour recovery gronp,7 ratsin in each group,Immunochemistry and laser scanning confocal microscopy were used to observe the distributional alteration of hsp40 in the neurons.Differential centrifuge and westemblot analysis were used to analyze the quantitative alteration of hsp40 and its redistribution in the neurons.Results lnanunechemistry and laser scanning confocal microscopy showedthe reduction of hsp40 first in cytosol,then in the nucleus until all the neurons in the CAI region died.Differential centrifuge and westemblot analysis showed the quantity of hsp40 decreased from (1.00_+0.21) to (0.23±0.13)(P<0.01) after 24-hour repeffusion;the quantity of hsp40 in the protein aggregates increased from (1.00±0.18) to(8.61±1.89)(P<0.01) after24-hour reperfusion.Conclusions The reduction of hsp40 in the neurons of hippocampus CA1 region is an important factor resulting in protein aggregates formation.

Objective:To summarize the preliminary experience of endoscopically assisted mid-cheek benign tumor resection using a single preauricular or transoral incision and to evaluate its indications, advantages, and disadvantages.Methods:Thirty-six patients with benign mid-cheek tumors were prospectively enrolled, including 11 males and 25 females, aged (37.2± 15.9) years and ranged from 11 to 65 years old. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: endoscope-assisted tumor dissections through a single preauricular incision (preauricular group, 19 cases) or transoral incision (transoral group, 17 cases). Their surgical approaches were introduced, and the tumor long-axis length, incision length, operative time, estimated intraoperative bleeding, postoperative drainage amount and time, aesthetic satisfaction, perioperative complications, and follow-up were recorded and analyzed.Results:The difference between the tumor long-axis lengths in the preauricular group [(2.2±0.9) cm] and the transoral group [(2.1± 0.7) cm] was not statistically significant ( t=0.46, P=0.687), and all surgical procedures were completed as planned. There was no significant difference in the incision size ( t=1.57, P=0.100) or operative time ( t=0.44, P=0.736). Compared with the preauricular group [(30.8±8.7) ml], transoral group [(23.6±8.9) ml] significantly reduced intraoperative blood loss ( t=2.97, P=0.006) and improved aesthetic pleasure ( t=3.44, P=0.015). Two cases of earlobe numbness and one case of temporary facial palsy were observed in the preauricular group; two cases of postoperative effusion were noted in the transoral group, and no signs of nerve injury were detected. No tumor recurrence was found during the 1-54-month of follow-up. Conclusions:Endoscopic-assisted preauricular or transoral incision for dissecting mid-cheek benign tumors provides excellent aesthetic and minimally invasive results, reducing complications and obtaining satisfactory aesthetic results.