Objective:To study the pharmacokinetic paramet er s of tinidazole in saliva. Methods:Tinidazole was separated on U ltrasphere ODS (C 18 column, 5 ?m,4.6 mm?25 cm)column with a mobile phas e of MeOH-2.33?10 -3 mol/L acetic acid 32∶68(v/v). The sample s were quantified with an ultraviolet detector operated at 310 nm. Resul ts:The saliva T max of the tinidazole tablets was (1.64?0.94) h,C max (69.23?11.39) ?g/ml,K e 0.059 6?0.013 2,T 1/2 (11.952?2.374) h,Auc (83.42?11.49) ?g?h/ml,Cl r 60.64? 8.56 and V r (2 704.45?601.42) ml respectively.Conclus ion:The method can be used for clinical monitoring of tinidazole in sali va.

(0.05)). Multivariate analysis revealed that adjuvant radiotherapy and histology of tumor significantly affected the prognosis(P=(0.045) and P=(0.009), respectively). Whereas loco-regional control was only significantly affected by adjuvant radiotherapy(P=(0.000)). CONCLUSION: Adjuvant radiotherapy and histology of tumor are the important prognostic factors in the rectal cancer patients after treatment with multimodality therapy based on surgery.

Objective To screen extraction process for Rosae Laevigatae Fructus.Methods With the content of total saponins and total phenolic acids from Rosae Laevigatae Fructus as the evaluation indexes, ethanol concentration, extraction time, solid-liquid ratio and extraction times as investigation factors, the test data were analyzed by Design-Expert8.0.5 software, and a multiple quadratic regression equation was set up to screen extraction process parameters of Rosae Laevigatae Fructus.Results The best extraction process parameters of Rosae Laevigatae Fructus were as follows:ethanol concentration was 62.79%;solid-liquid ratio was 13.12:1;the extraction time was 137.93 min;extraction times were 1.85 times. Considering the convenience for actual operation and the practicability of industrial production, the extraction process parameters should be ethanol concentration of 60%, revised solid-liquid ratio of 13:1, 2 hours' extracting time, and 2 extraction times.Conclusion Final selected parameters provide the basis for the extraction process of Rosae Laevigatae Fructus.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of cutaneous scraping and cupping therapy for the treatment of hyperplasia of mammary glands. Methods Eighty patients with hyperplasia of mammary glands were randomized into test group(42 cases) and control group(38 cases). Both groups were given conventional basic treatment including psychological counseling and oral use of Chinese patent medicine, and the test group additionally received cutaneous scraping and cupping therapy on acupoints of Xuanji(CV21), Danzho ng (CV17), Jianjing(GB21), Kufang(ST14) , Tianzhong(SI11), Dazhui(GV14), and Ashi(focus of mammary mass and pain). The scores of pain visual analog scale(VAS) and World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale Brief Version(WHOQOL-BREF) were observed, and the clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated. Results (1) The total effective rate of the test group was 88.10%, and that of the control group was 65.79%, the inter-group difference being statistically significant (P<0.01). (2) After treatment, VAS scores of the test group were decreased obviously(P<0.01), and the control group showed a decreasing trend(P>0.05). Test group had better effect on improving VAS scores than the control group(P<0.05).(3) After treatment , the scores in physiological dimension of WHOQOL-BREF were much increased(P<0.05), and the changes in the scores of other dimensions were not obvious(P>0.05). The control group showed no obvious changes in the scores of each dimension of WHOQOL-BREF before and after treatment(P>0.05). The inter-group comparison showed that the test group had better effect on improving the scores in physiological dimension of WHOQOL-BREF (P<0 . 05). Conclusion Cutaneous scraping and cupping therapy is effective on relieving pain and improving QOL of patients with hyperplasia of mammary glands.

Objective To study the effects of steaming Orange Magnoliavine Fruit with vinegar on the lignan metabolism in rats.Methods The rats were fed with same amount of extracts:Orange Magnoliavine Fruit before and after steaming processing with vinegar. Then plasma samples were collected at different times and determined contents of schisantherin A and deoxyschizandrin by HPLC to draw drug concentration in blood-time curve. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with DAS2.0 analysis software.Results Pharmacokinetic model of schisantherin A and deoxyschizandrin in rats accorded with one compartment model. Plasma concentration in rats under the condition of Orange Magnoliavine Fruit samples before and after steaming processing with vinegar was:Tmax of schisantherin A was determined with (4.250±1.523), (5.750±1.784)h respectively, Cmax with (2.197±0.995), (2.815±0.842)μg/mL respectively, T1/2 with (2.654±0.377), (3.504±0.856)h respectively. Tmax of deoxyschizandrin was determined with (3.250±1.836), (4.250±1.471)h respectively, Cmax with (1.922±0.773), (2.307±0.602)μg/mL, T1/2 with (2.111±1.185), (3.242±2.126)h. Orange Magnoliavine Fruit before and after steaming processing with vinegar exhibited differences in pharmacokinetic parameters in rats.Conclusion The pharmacokinetic parameters of schisantherin A and deoxyschizandrin showed that the steaming processing with vinegar on Orange Magnoliavine Fruit can slow down lignan metabolism in vivo.

Objective To define a suitable threshold setting for gross tumor volume (GTV)when using 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography and computed tomogram (PET/CT) for radiotherapy planning in Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC).Methods Sixteen NPC patients respectively received PET/CT and MRI scan before their radiation treatment.All of the images were transferred to the radiotherapy planning system (TPS).MRI/CT-based primary GTV was defined as GTVf.Biological target volumes (BTVs) were derived from PET/CT-based GTVs of primary tumors.The BTVs were defined as the volumes when adjusting different percentage of the maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax).GTVfs were compared with BTVs.The suitable threshold level (sTL) could be determined when BTV value and its morphology using a certain threshold level were observed to be the fittest GTVf.The suitable standardized uptake value (sSUV) was calculated as the sTL multiplied by the SUVmax.Results Our result demonstrated no single sTL or sSUV method could achieve an optimized volumetric match with the GTVf.The sTL was [20.93％±6.51％(15％-40％)],whereas the sSUV was [2.27±0.48(1.56-3.25)].The sTL was inversely correlated with the SUVmax sTL =-0.144ln(SUVmax) + 0.5548 (R2 =0.85,F =78.57,P＜0.01.The sSUV showed a linear correlation with the SUVmax sSUV =0.104(SUVmax) + 1.0398,(R2=0.75,F=41.88,P＜0.01).The sTL was not associated with the value of GTVf.Conclusions In PET/CT-based BTV for NPC,SUVmax threshold method is feasible.sTL is not a fixed value,which is correlated with the SUVmax instead of the value of tumor.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the contents of gallic acid,catechin,sennosides B,aloe-emodin,rhein, emodin,chrysophanol,physcion,chrysophanol-1-O- glucoside and emodin-8-O- glucoside in Rhei Radix et Rhizoma,Jiu Rhei Radix et Rhizoma,Shu Rhei Radix et Rhizoma,Rhei Radix et Rhizoma tan,Cu Rhei Radix et Rhizoma,and analyze the differ-ences. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column was Hypersil C18 with mobile phase of methanol- 0.2% acetic acid(gradi-ent elution)at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 260 nm,column temperature was 25 ℃,injection volume was 10 μl. RESULTS:The linear range was 0.252 5-4.040 0 μg for gallic acid(r=0.999 6),0.600 0-9.600 0 μg for catechin(r=0.999 6),0.297 4-4.758 4 μg for sennosides B(r=0.999 9),0.001 8-0.028 8 μg for aloe-emodin(r=0.999 9),0.005 0-0.080 0 μg for rhein(r=0.999 9),0.019 0-0.304 0μg for emodin(r=0.999 8),0.380 2-6.083 2μg for chrysophanol(r=0.999 7),0.008 2-0.131 2μg for physcion(r=0.999 8),0.126 0-2.016 0 μg for chrysophanol-1-O-glucoside(r=0.999 6)and 0.111 3-1.780 8 μg for emo-din-8-O-glucoside (r=0.999 8);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 3.0%;recoveries were 96.17%-97.21%(RSD=1.67%,n=6),97.60%-100.54%(RSD=2.55%,n=6),99.45%-101.32%(RSD=1.63%,n=6), 95.31%-98.19%(RSD=2.42%,n=6),98.99%-100.35%(RSD=1.86%,n=6),98.95%-101.21%(RSD=2.17%,n=6), 99.81%-100.62%(RSD=1.66%,n=6),96.78%-98.52%(RSD=1.99%,n=6),97.80%-100.14%(RSD=3.32%,n=6) and 97.40%-101.24%(RSD=2.89%,n=6). Compared with Sheng Rhei Radix et Rhizoma,the contents of gallic acid,catechin,sen-nosides B and anthraquinones in Cu Rhei Radix et Rhizoma,Jiu Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma tan decreased. The contents of catechin,sennosides B and anthraquinones in Shu Rhei Radix et Rhizoma. Catechin,sennosides B,chrysopha-nol-1-O- glucoside,aloe-emodin and rhein were not detected in Dahuang tan. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple with good precision,stability and reroducibility,and can be used for the simultaneous determination of 10 chemical components in processed products of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma;there were significant differences in contents of 10 chemical components in processed prod-ucts of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma.

In this study, we developed a novel liposome-silica hybrid nano-carrier for tumor combination therapy via oral route, using paclitaxel and cyclosporine as a model drug pair. Optimization of the preparation of the drug-loading formulation and characterization of its physicochemical parameters and drug release profile were performed in vitro. Then in vivo pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics studies were performed. The results showed that the obtained formulation has a small particle size (mean diameter of 100.2 +/- 15.2 nm), a homogeneous distribution [the polydispersity index was (0.251 +/- 0.018)] and high encapsulation efficiency (90.15 +/- 2.47) % and (80.64 +/- 3.52) % for paclitaxel and cyclosporine respectively with a mild and easy preparation process. A sequential drug release trend of cyclosporine prior to palictaxel was observed. The liposome-silica hybrid nano-carrier showed good biocompatibility in vivo and co-delivery of cyclosporine and paclitaxel significantly enhanced the oral absorption of paclitaxel with improved anti-tumor efficacy, suggesting a promising approach for multi-drug therapy against tumor and other serious diseases via oral route.

In this study, we explored the feasibility of biotin-mediated modified polymeric micelles for pancreatic cancer targeted photodynamic therapy. Poly (ethylene glycol)-distearoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine (mPEG2000-DSPE) served as the drug-loaded material, biotin-poly(ethylene glycol)-distearoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine (Biotin-PEG3400-DSPE) as the functional material and the polymeric micelles were prepared by a thin-film hydration method. The targeting capability of micelles was investigated by cell uptake assay in vitro and fluorescence imaging in vivo and the amounts of Biotin-PEG-DSPE were optimized accordingly. Hypocrellin B (HB), a novel photosensitizer was then encapsulated in biotinylated polymeric micelles and the anti-tumor efficacy was evaluated systemically in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that micelles with 5 mol % Biotin-PEG-DSPE demonstrated the best targeting capability than those with 20 mol % or 0.5 mol % of corresponding materials. This formulation has a small particle size [mean diameter of (36.74 ± 2.16) nm] with a homogeneous distribution and high encapsulation efficiency (80.06 ± 0.19) %. The following pharmacodynamics assays showed that the biotinylated micelles significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of HB against tumor cells in vitro and inhibited tumor growth in vivo, suggesting a promising potential of this formulation for treatment of pancreatic cancer, especially those poorly permeable, or insensitive to radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Objective To screen the best processing technology of prepared Rhubarb by multi- component composite score combined with response surface.Methods The composite score of seven components, i.e., gallicacid, chrysophanol-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, aloeemodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, physcion, was taken as indicators. Three factors and three levels of response surface Box-Behnken were used in experimental design. The effects of factors including rice wine volume, moistening time, and steaming time on processing technology of stewed Rhubarb were studied, and the optimized processing parameters were chosen.Results Design Expert 8.05 software was used for data analysis. Multivariate quadratic mathematical model of the sample and examine factors composite score regression equation of seven ingredients content were set up. The best processing conditions of prepared Rhubarb were as following:adding 36.6 mL rice wine into per 100 g raw material;moistening time continued for 2.16 hours;steaming time continued for 10.96 h. According to actual production, the optimized processing conditions of prepared Rhubarb are as following:adding 35 mL rice wine per into 100 g raw material;moistening time continued for 2 h;steaming time continued for 11 h.Conclusion The optimized processing technology can reasonably control the quality of prepared Rhubarb, and provide the basis for the quality standards of its decoction pieces and clinical application.