Objective To retrospectively analyze the pathogenic bacterial distribution and drug resistance in the patients with u-rinary tract infection in our hospital to provide a basis for clinically rational use of antibacterial drugs .Methods The midstream u-rine of the patients with urinary tract infection in our hospital during 2013-2015 was performed the bacterial culture .The bacterial identification and drug susceptibility test were performed by using the Vitek-2 Compact automatic microorganism identification in-strumen .The data were statistically analyzed by adopting the WHONET 5 .6 software .Results Among 11130 urine culture sam-ples ,1676 strains of pathogenic bacteria were cultured with the detection rate of 15 .1% ;among them ,1332 strains were Gram-negative bacteria and accounted for 79 .5% ,275 strains were Gram-positive bacteria and accounted for 16 .4% and 69 strains were fungi and accounted for 4 .1% .The top 3 pathogenic bacteria of detection rate were in turn Escherichia coli ,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecalis .Six hundreds and eleven strains of ESBLs bacteria were detected ,in which Escherichia coli ,Klebsiella pneumoniae accounted for 88 .5% and 10 .2% respectively .Escherichia coli had higher sensitivity to carbapenems ,fosfomycin ,ami-kacin ,etc .(>95 .0% ) .Klebsiella pneumoniae had higher sensitivity to carbapenems (>90 .0% ) .No vancomycin ,teicoplanin and linezolid resistant Enterococcus faecalis was detected .One strain of vancomycin resistant enterococcus faecium was detected .These pathogens mainly derived from the urology surgery department ,the constituent ratio of female was higher than that of male .Conclu-sion The pathogens of urinary tract infection in this hospital is dominated by Gram-negative bacteria ,Escherichia coli is mainly pathogenic bacterium .Multidrug resistant species and number are continuously increased .Clinicians should rationally and correctly use the antibacterial drugs based on the drug sensitivity test results for improving the effect of clinical anti-infection treatment .

ObjectiveTheaimofthisstudywastoprovideabetterpositivecontrolforallergictestbycomparing the allergic effect of two kinds of positive materials , human albumin and ovalbumin , on active systemic anaphylaxis in guinea pig.Methods Guinea pigs were randomly divided into 14 groups, and were given human albumin , ovalbumin (2, 10, 100 mg/animal), or 0.9%sodium chloride injection as test substances , to assess the symptoms and incidence of systemic allergic responses induced by different sensitizing substances in different challenge doses and different challenge intervals.Results In the range of 2 to 100 mg/animal, the guinea pigs showed a 100%incidence rate of positive allergic reaction to human albumin and ovalbumin , the severity of anaphylactic symptoms was increasing along with the increase of sensitizing doses and challenge doses , and the allergic reaction was more strong induced by the same dose of ovalbumin than human albumin .Conclusions Our findings indicate that in the active systemic anaphylaxis test in guinea pigs , we recommend ovalbumin as the positive control in a dose of 2 mg/animal.

Objective To evaluate the mutagenicity of hydrolysate of Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus soft tissue, so as to provide experimental basis for its exploitation.Methods Three mutagenicity tests were used to evaluate the mutagenic effects, including Ames test, CHL chromosome aberration assay and bone marrow micronucleus assay in mice.Results In Ames test, the revertant colonies numbers in each group were twice less than the numbers of spontaneous revertant colo-nies, five bacterial strains showed negative results with or without S9 activation, and the result of Ames test was negative. The CHL chromosome aberration assay and bone marrow micronucleus assay showed that the chromosome aberration rate and micronucleus rate of each dose group showed no significant difference compared with the negative control group, respec-tively ( P>0.05) .Conclusions Under this condition, the results show that all of the Ames test, chromosome aberration assay and bone marrow micronucleus assay are negative, and no mutagenicity is observed in the hydrolysate of Meretrix mer-etrix Linnaeus soft tissue.

The distribution of years, active regions, high production authors and core journals in papers on saffron crocus was analyzed using HistCite.The main methods in research of saffron crocus were described according to its chronological chart generated by the Pajek-generated matrix with its development history revealed.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of tamsulosin with nifedipine for medical expulsive therapy (MET) in patients with lower ureteral stones (LUS).Methods Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) in comparison of tamsulosin and nifedipine in treatment of LUS published in Pubmed, Cochrane Library,Embase,CNKI,CBM, Wanfang and VIP from databases establishment to July 2015 were retrieved.According to Cochrane handbook, the quality of included RCTs were assessed, and the relevant data including the number of participants, stone size, stone expulsion rate, time to stone expulsion, drug-related side effect,the incidence of ESWL or ureteroscopy lithotripsy (URSL) after MET and analgesic dose were extracted by two reviewers independently.The statistical software RevMan 5.2 was used for meta-analysis with regard to the stone expulsion rate, the incidence of ESWL or URSL and adverse effects.This study lasted more than one month from June to July 2015.Results A total of 13 RCTs with 4 831 patients were eligible.The results showed that the stone expulsion rate and the incidence rate of ESWL or URSL after MET were 92％ (2 221/2 423) and 8％ (27/333) in the tamsulosin group,and 73％ (1 748/2 408) and 20％ (67/328) in the nifedipine group.There are statistically significant differences (RR =1.24,95 ％ CI 1.13-1.37, P ＜ 0.05;RR =0.40,95 ％ CI 0.27-0.60, P ＜ 0.05, respectively).The subgroup analysis indicated no statistically significant differences in drug-related adverse effects between tamsulosin and nifedipine with 5％ (99/1 804)and 7％ (117/1 796) minor adverse effects respectively and less than 1％ severe adverse effects in both groups (RR =0.85,95％ CI 0.65-1.10, P =0.21;RR =0.49,95 ％ CI 0.09-2.59, P =0.40).Conclusion Compared to nifedipine, tamsulosin has higher stone expulsion rate and lower incidence rates for ESWL or URSL.Since there was no obvious adverse effects, tamsulosin could be considered as a preferable option for patients with LUS.

Objective This study aimed to establish the leukemia mouse model by using EL4/DsRed cell line expressing red fluorescent protein (DsRed) and to evaluate the model. Methods After total body irradiation with X-ray of 7.0 Gy, C57BL/6 mice were inoculated 5×106 bone marrow cells mixed different numbers of EL4/DsRed cells via tail vein. The model was evaluated by flow cytometry (FCM), reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and histopathology. Results The incidence of leukemia was 100 %. The presence of EL4/DsRed cells was found in liver, spleen, bone marrow and peripheral blood of recipients by FCM two weeks after transplantation. Pathological section revealed that all recipients had several organs infiltration apparently. With the increase in the number of inoculated tumor cells, the survival time of recipients was reduced and the infiltration of leukemia cells in organs was more serious. Conclusion Mouse leukemia model was successfully established when C57BL/6 mouse was intravenously transplanted with ≥5×102 EL4/DsRed cells. The model could be employed usefully in the future research such as the pathogenesis of leukemia and minimal residual disease (MRD).

Objective To explore the influence of the lentiviral vectors-mediated mouse genetic engineering regulatory T cells (Treg) infused after allogeneie bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT)on graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in mice.Methods Lentivirus-mediated expression of Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) converted CD4~+ CD25~- T cells from Balb/c mice into engineered Tregs in vitro.An allo-BMT model of Balb/c→C57BL/6 mice was established.Mice were randomly assigned into four groups:(1) The recipients in engineering Treg group were injected with 5×10~6 donor bone marrow cells and 5×10~6 splenoeytes plus 5×10~6 genetic engineering Treg;(2)The recipients in transplantation control group were iniected with 5×10~6 donor bone marrow cells and 5×10~6 splenocytes;(3) The recipients in radiation group were injected with 0.2 ml RPMI 1640;(4)The recipients in empty vector control group were injected with 5×10~6 donor bone marrow cells and 5×10~6 splenocytas plus 5×10~6 empty vector transduced CD4~+ CD25~- T cells.Survival time,clinical GVHD Score or histopathological analysis(skin,liver and small intestine) were observed after allo-BMT.Chimerism of bone marrow cells from recipients survived for 60 days after transplantation was measured Results The mean survival times in radiation group, transplantation control group,erIgineering Treg group and empty vector control group were (8.8±0.6),(36.7±2.5),(51.6±4.0) and (34.1±2.3)days respectively.The survival time in engineering Treg group was signiticantly prolonged as compared with other groups as judged by the log-rank test(P<0.05).Histopathological ahalysis in several target organs (skin,liver and small intestine)confirmed the presence of severe GVHD in transplantation control group and empty vector control group. No histological signs of GVHD were observed in recipients in engineering Treg group and clinical GVHD scores in this group were significantly decreased compared to transplantation control group and empty vector control group. Conclusion Co-injection of genetic engineering Treg can efficiently prevent recipients from lethal GVHD during allo-BMT in mice

Objective To explore the influence of the lentiviral vectors mediated mouse genetic engineering regulatory T cells(Tr) infused after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation(allo-BMT) on graft-versushost disease(GVHD) in mice. Methods Lentivirus-mediated expression of forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) converted CD4 + CD25 - T cells from BALB/c mice into engineered Tr in vitro. An allo-BMT model of BALB/c→C57BL/6 mice was established. After irradiation, the recipients were injected with donor cells along with genetic engineering Tr. Survival time, histopathological analysis, serum levels of inflammatory cytokines were observed after allo-BMT. Results The mean survival times in radiation group, transplantation control group, engineering Tr group and empty vector control group were ( 8.8 ± 0.6 ) d, ( 36.7 ± 2.5 ) d, ( 51.6 ± 4.0 ) d and ( 34.1 ± 2. 3 ) d. The survival time in engineering Tr group was significantly increased as compared to other groups as judged by the log-rank test ( P ＜0.05 ). Histopathological analysis in several target organs( skin, liver and small intestine) confirmed the presence of severe GVHD in transplantation control group and empty vector control group. No histological signs of GVHD were observed in recipients in engineering Tr group. The serum levels of IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α were all increased after transplantation in above groups. The peaks of concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α in engineering Tr group were significantly decreased compared to transplantation control group and empty vector control group at day 21 ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion Co-injection of genetic engineering Tr can efficiently prevent recipients from lethal GVHD during allo-BMT in mice by reducing the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines.

Objective To explore the influence of the lentiviral vectors-mediated mouse genetic engineering regulatory T cells (Treg) infused after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (alloBMT) on graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect in mice.Methods Lentivirus-mediated expression of Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) transformed CD4 + CD25- T cells from Balb/c mice into engineered Tregs in vitro. An allo-BMT model of Balb/c→C57BL/6 mice was established. The recipients were given lethal X-ray total body irradiation before transplantation.Mice were randomly assigned into five groups and each group contained 10 recipients: (1) The recipients in radiation group were injected with 0.2 ml RPMI 1640; (2) The recipients in leukemia control group were injected with 5 × 106 donor bone marrow cells and 500 mouse T-cell leukemia/lymphoma cells (EL4 cells); (3) The recipients in transplantation control group were injected with 5 × 106 donor bone marrow cells and 5 × 106 splenocytes plus 500 EL4 cells; (4) The recipients in engineering Treg group were injected with 5 × 106 donor bone marrow cells, 5 × 106 splenocytes and 500 EL4 cells plus 5 × 106 genetic engineering Treg; (5) The recipients in empty vector control group were injected with 5 × 106 donor bone marrow cells, 5 × 106 splenocytes and 500 EL4 cells plus 5 × 106 empty vector-transduced CD4+ CD25- T cells. Survival time, clinical GVHD score or histopathological analysis (skin, liver and small intestine) were observed after allo-BMT. Chimerism of bone marrow cells from recipients survived for 60 days after transplantation was measured. Results The mean survival time in radiation group, leukemia control group, transplantation control group,engineering Treg group and empty vector control group was ( 10. 3 ± 1.5), (20. 7 ± 1.9), (26. 0 ±4.3), (49. 0 ± 17. 7) and (24. 4 ± 4. 1 ) days respectively. The survival time in engineering Treg group was significantly prolonged as compared with other groups as judged by the log-rank test (P＜0. 05).Histopathological analysis in several target organs (skin, liver and small intestine) confirmed the presence of severe GVHD in transplantation control group and empty vector control group. No histological signs of GVHD or leukemia were observed in recipients in engineering Treg group and clinical GVHD scores in this group were significantly decreased as compared with transplantation control group and empty vector control group. Conclusion Co-injection of genetic engineering Treg can efficiently prevent recipients from lethal GVHD without affecting GVL activity during allo-BMT in mice.

Gene engineering is the main course of biological engineering. It should be adapted to the demand of innovation spirit, practice ability and comprehensive quality of students. Educational reform of gene engineering conducted by constructing system of theory and practice, optimizing course teaching content, strengthening practice teaching content, using modern teaching technology, strengthening web course construction and improving teaching methods. We pay attention to impart specialty knowledge and learning methods to students. Its aim was to increase teaching effects and meet the demands of bioengineering specialty and qualified personal training in 21 century.