Objective To retrospectively analyze the pathogenic bacterial distribution and drug resistance in the patients with u-rinary tract infection in our hospital to provide a basis for clinically rational use of antibacterial drugs .Methods The midstream u-rine of the patients with urinary tract infection in our hospital during 2013-2015 was performed the bacterial culture .The bacterial identification and drug susceptibility test were performed by using the Vitek-2 Compact automatic microorganism identification in-strumen .The data were statistically analyzed by adopting the WHONET 5 .6 software .Results Among 11130 urine culture sam-ples ,1676 strains of pathogenic bacteria were cultured with the detection rate of 15 .1% ;among them ,1332 strains were Gram-negative bacteria and accounted for 79 .5% ,275 strains were Gram-positive bacteria and accounted for 16 .4% and 69 strains were fungi and accounted for 4 .1% .The top 3 pathogenic bacteria of detection rate were in turn Escherichia coli ,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecalis .Six hundreds and eleven strains of ESBLs bacteria were detected ,in which Escherichia coli ,Klebsiella pneumoniae accounted for 88 .5% and 10 .2% respectively .Escherichia coli had higher sensitivity to carbapenems ,fosfomycin ,ami-kacin ,etc .(>95 .0% ) .Klebsiella pneumoniae had higher sensitivity to carbapenems (>90 .0% ) .No vancomycin ,teicoplanin and linezolid resistant Enterococcus faecalis was detected .One strain of vancomycin resistant enterococcus faecium was detected .These pathogens mainly derived from the urology surgery department ,the constituent ratio of female was higher than that of male .Conclu-sion The pathogens of urinary tract infection in this hospital is dominated by Gram-negative bacteria ,Escherichia coli is mainly pathogenic bacterium .Multidrug resistant species and number are continuously increased .Clinicians should rationally and correctly use the antibacterial drugs based on the drug sensitivity test results for improving the effect of clinical anti-infection treatment .

Objective To evaluate the mutagenicity of hydrolysate of Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus soft tissue, so as to provide experimental basis for its exploitation.Methods Three mutagenicity tests were used to evaluate the mutagenic effects, including Ames test, CHL chromosome aberration assay and bone marrow micronucleus assay in mice.Results In Ames test, the revertant colonies numbers in each group were twice less than the numbers of spontaneous revertant colo-nies, five bacterial strains showed negative results with or without S9 activation, and the result of Ames test was negative. The CHL chromosome aberration assay and bone marrow micronucleus assay showed that the chromosome aberration rate and micronucleus rate of each dose group showed no significant difference compared with the negative control group, respec-tively ( P>0.05) .Conclusions Under this condition, the results show that all of the Ames test, chromosome aberration assay and bone marrow micronucleus assay are negative, and no mutagenicity is observed in the hydrolysate of Meretrix mer-etrix Linnaeus soft tissue.

ObjectiveTheaimofthisstudywastoprovideabetterpositivecontrolforallergictestbycomparing the allergic effect of two kinds of positive materials , human albumin and ovalbumin , on active systemic anaphylaxis in guinea pig.Methods Guinea pigs were randomly divided into 14 groups, and were given human albumin , ovalbumin (2, 10, 100 mg/animal), or 0.9%sodium chloride injection as test substances , to assess the symptoms and incidence of systemic allergic responses induced by different sensitizing substances in different challenge doses and different challenge intervals.Results In the range of 2 to 100 mg/animal, the guinea pigs showed a 100%incidence rate of positive allergic reaction to human albumin and ovalbumin , the severity of anaphylactic symptoms was increasing along with the increase of sensitizing doses and challenge doses , and the allergic reaction was more strong induced by the same dose of ovalbumin than human albumin .Conclusions Our findings indicate that in the active systemic anaphylaxis test in guinea pigs , we recommend ovalbumin as the positive control in a dose of 2 mg/animal.

The distribution of years, active regions, high production authors and core journals in papers on saffron crocus was analyzed using HistCite.The main methods in research of saffron crocus were described according to its chronological chart generated by the Pajek-generated matrix with its development history revealed.

Objective To explore the influence of the lentiviral vectors-mediated mouse genetic engineering regulatory T cells (Treg) infused after allogeneie bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT)on graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in mice.Methods Lentivirus-mediated expression of Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) converted CD4~+ CD25~- T cells from Balb/c mice into engineered Tregs in vitro.An allo-BMT model of Balb/c→C57BL/6 mice was established.Mice were randomly assigned into four groups:(1) The recipients in engineering Treg group were injected with 5×10~6 donor bone marrow cells and 5×10~6 splenoeytes plus 5×10~6 genetic engineering Treg;(2)The recipients in transplantation control group were iniected with 5×10~6 donor bone marrow cells and 5×10~6 splenocytes;(3) The recipients in radiation group were injected with 0.2 ml RPMI 1640;(4)The recipients in empty vector control group were injected with 5×10~6 donor bone marrow cells and 5×10~6 splenocytas plus 5×10~6 empty vector transduced CD4~+ CD25~- T cells.Survival time,clinical GVHD Score or histopathological analysis(skin,liver and small intestine) were observed after allo-BMT.Chimerism of bone marrow cells from recipients survived for 60 days after transplantation was measured Results The mean survival times in radiation group, transplantation control group,erIgineering Treg group and empty vector control group were (8.8±0.6),(36.7±2.5),(51.6±4.0) and (34.1±2.3)days respectively.The survival time in engineering Treg group was signiticantly prolonged as compared with other groups as judged by the log-rank test(P<0.05).Histopathological ahalysis in several target organs (skin,liver and small intestine)confirmed the presence of severe GVHD in transplantation control group and empty vector control group. No histological signs of GVHD were observed in recipients in engineering Treg group and clinical GVHD scores in this group were significantly decreased compared to transplantation control group and empty vector control group. Conclusion Co-injection of genetic engineering Treg can efficiently prevent recipients from lethal GVHD during allo-BMT in mice

Objective To investigate the balance of Th1/Th2 cytokines and its relationship with prognosis of severe chronic hepatitis B ( CHB ). Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from 112 severe CHB patients, 30 CHB patients and 30 healthy controls. IL-4, IFN-γ levels and HBV DNA loads were measured by ELISA and fluorescent PCR, respectively. The levels of cytokines in different stages, and their correlations with HBV DNA loads and short-term prognosis were analyzed. Results Higher levels of IL-4, IFN-γ and Th1/Th2 ratios in peripheral blood were detected in patients with severe CHB than those with CHB and the healthy controls (Z = 8.968, 10. 004 and 26. 067, P =0. 009, 0. 007 and 0. 000). IL4 levels in patients with end-stage server CHB were markedly higher than those in other stages ( Z = 3. 672 and 3. 158, P= 0.000 and 0.002), while their Thl/Th2 ratios were lower (Z=3. 161 and 2. 166, P=0.002 and 0. 030). No significant differences on levels of IL-4, IFN-γ and Th1/Th2 ratios were observed in severe CHB patients with different HBV DNA levels (Z =4.431, 2.626 and 0. 140, P =0.219, 0.403 and 0. 987). Elevated IL-4 was closely correlated with the high case-fatality rate within 12 weeks. Conclusions The balance between Th1 and Th2 cytokines is- disturbed in patients with severe CHB. Thl/Th2 ratio decreases with the aggravation of diseases, which may indicate unfavorable short-term prognosis.

Objective To explore the influence of the lentiviral vectors mediated mouse genetic engineering regulatory T cells(Tr) infused after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation(allo-BMT) on graft-versushost disease(GVHD) in mice. Methods Lentivirus-mediated expression of forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) converted CD4 + CD25 - T cells from BALB/c mice into engineered Tr in vitro. An allo-BMT model of BALB/c→C57BL/6 mice was established. After irradiation, the recipients were injected with donor cells along with genetic engineering Tr. Survival time, histopathological analysis, serum levels of inflammatory cytokines were observed after allo-BMT. Results The mean survival times in radiation group, transplantation control group, engineering Tr group and empty vector control group were ( 8.8 ± 0.6 ) d, ( 36.7 ± 2.5 ) d, ( 51.6 ± 4.0 ) d and ( 34.1 ± 2. 3 ) d. The survival time in engineering Tr group was significantly increased as compared to other groups as judged by the log-rank test ( P ＜0.05 ). Histopathological analysis in several target organs( skin, liver and small intestine) confirmed the presence of severe GVHD in transplantation control group and empty vector control group. No histological signs of GVHD were observed in recipients in engineering Tr group. The serum levels of IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α were all increased after transplantation in above groups. The peaks of concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α in engineering Tr group were significantly decreased compared to transplantation control group and empty vector control group at day 21 ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion Co-injection of genetic engineering Tr can efficiently prevent recipients from lethal GVHD during allo-BMT in mice by reducing the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines.

Objective To explore the influence of the lentiviral vectors-mediated mouse genetic engineering regulatory T cells (Treg) infused after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (alloBMT) on graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect in mice.Methods Lentivirus-mediated expression of Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) transformed CD4 + CD25- T cells from Balb/c mice into engineered Tregs in vitro. An allo-BMT model of Balb/c→C57BL/6 mice was established. The recipients were given lethal X-ray total body irradiation before transplantation.Mice were randomly assigned into five groups and each group contained 10 recipients: (1) The recipients in radiation group were injected with 0.2 ml RPMI 1640; (2) The recipients in leukemia control group were injected with 5 × 106 donor bone marrow cells and 500 mouse T-cell leukemia/lymphoma cells (EL4 cells); (3) The recipients in transplantation control group were injected with 5 × 106 donor bone marrow cells and 5 × 106 splenocytes plus 500 EL4 cells; (4) The recipients in engineering Treg group were injected with 5 × 106 donor bone marrow cells, 5 × 106 splenocytes and 500 EL4 cells plus 5 × 106 genetic engineering Treg; (5) The recipients in empty vector control group were injected with 5 × 106 donor bone marrow cells, 5 × 106 splenocytes and 500 EL4 cells plus 5 × 106 empty vector-transduced CD4+ CD25- T cells. Survival time, clinical GVHD score or histopathological analysis (skin, liver and small intestine) were observed after allo-BMT. Chimerism of bone marrow cells from recipients survived for 60 days after transplantation was measured. Results The mean survival time in radiation group, leukemia control group, transplantation control group,engineering Treg group and empty vector control group was ( 10. 3 ± 1.5), (20. 7 ± 1.9), (26. 0 ±4.3), (49. 0 ± 17. 7) and (24. 4 ± 4. 1 ) days respectively. The survival time in engineering Treg group was significantly prolonged as compared with other groups as judged by the log-rank test (P＜0. 05).Histopathological analysis in several target organs (skin, liver and small intestine) confirmed the presence of severe GVHD in transplantation control group and empty vector control group. No histological signs of GVHD or leukemia were observed in recipients in engineering Treg group and clinical GVHD scores in this group were significantly decreased as compared with transplantation control group and empty vector control group. Conclusion Co-injection of genetic engineering Treg can efficiently prevent recipients from lethal GVHD without affecting GVL activity during allo-BMT in mice.

BACKGROUND: The choice of suitable bone graft substitute is vital for spinal fusion treatment, which can solve some limitations caused by autogenous bone graft and other materials. OBJECTIVE: To investigate properties of different bone graft fusion materials, and to explore their application in dog spinal fusion of lumbar vertebral body. METHODS: Forty-five Chinese rural dogs were enrol ed to prepare lumbar interbody fusion models, and then were randomized into three groups transplanted with autogenous ilium, recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 composite or al ograft ilium, respectively. Afterwards, effects of different materials in the lumbar interbody fusion were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The fusion rate of the composite group was significantly higher than those of the other groups (P < 0.05). Oswestry dysfunction index of the composite group was significantly lower than those of the other groups after surgery (P < 0.05). Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that dogs achieved complete bony fusion, continuous bone trabecula gradual y formed, and there was no gap between the transplanted bone and the bone surface in the composite group compared with the other groups at 12 weeks after surgery. These results demonstrate that recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 composites can significantly promote the spinal fusion superior to autologous and al ogeneic bone grafts.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of induction chemotherapy (IC) plus intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with that of concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (CCRT) plus adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) for patients with loco-regionally advanced naso-pharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods:Data of 240 patients with loco-regionally advanced NPC were reviewed. These patients were admitted to the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between January 2004 and December 2008. Among the 240 patients, 117 under-went the IC+IMRT and 123 were treated with the CCRT+AC. The IC+IMRT group received a regimen including cisplatin and 5-fluoro-uracil (5-FU). The CCRT+AC group received cisplatin concurrently with radiotherapy and subsequently received adjuvant cisplatin and 5-FU. The survival rates of the patients were assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis, and the survival curves were compared by Log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was conducted using Cox proportional hazard regression model. Results:The 5-year overall survival (OS), disease-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, local relapse-free survival, and the nodal relapse-free survival were 78.0%versus 78.7%, 68.9%versus 67.5%, 79.0%versus 77.0%, 91.6%versus 91.0%, and 95.3%versus 93.7%in the IC+IMRT and CCRT+AC groups, respectively. The survival between the two groups exhibited no significant differences. Higher rates of Grades 3 to 4 nau-sea-vomiting (8.1%vs. 1.7%, P=0.023) and leukopenia (9.7%vs. 0.9%, P=0.006) were observed in the CCRT+AC group. Multivariate analysis revealed that N stage and age were significant prognostic factors for the OS of the patients with loco-regionally advanced NPC. Conclusion:The treatment outcomes of IC+IMRT and CCRT+AC were similar. Distant metastasis remained as the predominant mode of treatment failure.