In cooperation with a District Health Station of Beijing, 13 nurseries were selected for the study of the practice of diet planning. At the beginning, the health workers of the selected nurseries -were gathered together at the station to attend a short-term class. Lectures were given on the basic knowledge of child nutrition, the methods of dietary survey and diet planning, i.e. using the proper amount of the cheaper but more nutritive foods to make essentially balanced diets according to the RDA. The health workers of the nurseries meet and comunicate once a month at the health station to calculate the monthly food consumption and the average daily intake of the nutrients of the children in the past month and to make plan for the next month. The body weight of the children were measured every month and the height at three months intervals. The data collected in 12 months were summarized. The results indicated that the yearly average intake of most nutrients by the children increased and their collective growth level in weight and height increased correspondingly during the one year period of diet planning without any increase of the boarding expense of the children.

In the early days, the standards for body height and weight of man were usually derived from the anthropometric data of retrospective studies, and the growth standards for children were also constructed from data of the same nature. The population thus measured consisted of the so-called "normals", i.e. excluding the anatomical abnormals and those with apparent chronic diseases. It is evident that the body size, particularly the height, of most of the boys and girls measured might not have attained their optimal stage.It is well recognized now that, within the limits of heredity, the body size of man is strongly influenced by the environment in which he lives, and the nutritive value of the diet plays an important role on growth. So, in nowadays, in the construction of growth standards, emphasis is placed on measuring children living under favorable conditions and in optimal nutritional state.Chin and co-workers published (1957) their data of measurement of nearly 3,000 carefully selected children, from birth to 7 years with known backgrounds as stated above. This seems, therefore, to be the most suitable material for constructing a growth standard for preschool children.The method of construction is as follows: Chin's growth curves of height and weight and the corresponding S.D. curves were smoothed out in order to obtain the "ideal" growth curves of the children measured. From such smooth curves, the corrected average value of heights and weights of each age group were read off. The distances between each two age groups were all 1 month from birth to 7 years.For the convenience of evaluating the growth level of an individual child, the following scheme is proposed: it consists of 6 levels, namely: Level A (high): (M + 2S) and aboveB (middle high); (M + 2S) - (M + 1S)C (upper middle); (M + 1S) -(M)D (lower middle); (M) -(M-1S)E (middlelow); (M - 1S)-(M-2S)F (low); (M-2S) and belowWhere M is the mean value of height or weight, and S is the corresponding S.D. value.By using these figures, a "Table of the growth levels of children from birth to age 7" is constructed. Such a table may be used for the evaluation of the growth levels of both individual child and the "collective growth level" of a group of institutional children, i.e. in nurseries or kindergartens. To complete the later procedure, the percentages of the number of children who fall in each level (irrespective of sex and age) are calculated on the basis of the total number of children measured in an institution. By summing up the percentage value of levels A, B, and C (the sum is used as an index) one may easily judge the "collective growth level" of the group of children in such an institution.

Objective There are differences in the diagnosis and treatment of primary melanocytoma in central nervous sys -tem.The article was to investigate the experience of its diagnosis and treatment . Methods Retrospective analysis were made on the clinical data of 14 cases with primary melanocytoma in central nervous system ( CNS) from January 1999 to December 2012, among which were 5 males and 9 females.The incidence ages were 14-52, average 32.7.The course of disease ranged from half a month to 19 years, geometric average 7.9 months.5 cases recurred and 9 cases occurred first.10 cases were intracranial and 4 were intraspinal. Results 14 patients underwent surgery and had pathologic diagnosis of melanocytoma .Total resection was performed in 7 patients, subtotal resection in 3, and partial resection in 1.Immunohistochemical study showed , in all cases, S-100 and HMB-45 were positive, GFAP and EMA were negative .Vimentin was positive in 8 cases and MelanA positive in 5 cases.12 cases recovered well and dis-charged except for paraplegia and facial paralysis in 1 case each. Conclusion Primary melanocytoma in CNS is very rare .Diagnosis is based on intraoperative findings , surgical pathology and immunohistochemistry results .Surgery is the primary therapy and early total resection is advocated .Adjuvant radiotherapy can reduce the recurrence rate .

Objective To study the lesion patterns of hemorrhagic type of moyamoya disease (MMD) in adults. Methods Seventy-two consecutive cases of hemorrhagic type of MMD, confirmed by digital cerebral angiography in Jinling hospital between January 2004 and February 2010, were retrieved from the Nanjing Stroke Registry Program. MMD patients were classified according to the hemorrhagic sites into 4 types: non-thalamic parenchymal, thalamic, primary ventricular and subarachnoid. The ipsilateral anterior choroidal artery and posterior communicating artery (AChA-PComA) were evaluated by the modified Morioka's 3-points grading system: normal or mild to moderate dilation, severe dilation with abnormal extension and non-visualization. The relationship between lesion patterns and the angiographic findings was analyzed. Results In the stage of normal or mild to moderate dilation of AChA-PComA, non-thalamic parenchymal hemorrhage was the more frequent type (51.6%, 16/31 ;Z = -3.266,P =0.001 ), and there was a high incidence of intrastriatal hemorrhage occurred (22.6%, 7/31 ). In the stage of severe dilation with abnormal extension, intraventricular hemorrhage was most common ( 58.8%, 20/34 ;Z = -2.696 ,P =0.008). In addition, posterior circulation subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was associated with a higher grade of AChA-PComA than anterior circulation SAH (Z = -4.655 ,P ＜ 0.01 ). Furthermore, posterior circulation SAH was the only type of SAH in the stage of non-visualization(9.7% ,7/72; x2 =42.999,P ＜0.01 ). Conclusion In adult patients with MMD, different subtypes of hemorrhagic stroke were associated with angiographic changes of AChA-PComA, and the angiographic characteristics may predict the location of hemorrhage.

Animals ; Antigens, Surface/genetics* ; Cell Communication/genetics* ; Copulation/physiology* ; Fallopian Tubes/metabolism* ; Female ; Fertilization/genetics* ; GPI-Linked Proteins/genetics* ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Reporter ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism* ; Litter Size ; Luminescent Proteins/metabolism* ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Mitochondria/metabolism* ; Reproduction/genetics* ; Signal Transduction ; Sperm Count ; Sperm Motility/genetics* ; Spermatozoa/metabolism* ; Uterus/metabolism*