No abstract available.
China*

No abstract available.
China*

The pursuit of minimally invasive biopsy and targeted treatment as well as technical progress have boosted the extensive clinical usages of fine needle puncture cell/tissue acquisition technology in recent years. How to rationally use the limited fine needle puncture materials which are usually minimal and fragmented, while making pathological diagnosis, accomplish the auxiliary tests of immune phenotype, molecular features and other tests required by the clinician, and comprehensively improve the diagnostic benefits of fine needle puncture material is a big challenge facing the pathology community. Up to now, there has been no successful experience that can be learned from abroad. Some suggestions for the further improvement of diagnostic efficacy of fine needle puncture specimens from the aspects of sub-specialty cooperation and comprehensive utilization of the materials are put forward based on the progress trend in pathology and the current situation in China.
China

No abstract available.
China* ; Korea*

China ; Inventions

The development of biodiesel and production feedstock in China was introduced, and the biodiesel production technologies as well as corresponding representative enterprises were reviewed. In addition, the development prospect of biodiesel industry in China was addressed.
Biofuels ; China

OBJECTIVE: Sort out and analyze the current status and existing problems of the pilot work of the medical device marketing authorization holder system to provide reference opinions for the full implementation of the medical device marketing authorization holder system. METHODS: Use literature analysis, comparative analysis and field research to comprehensively analyze the status, advantages and risks of commissioned production under the medical device marketing authorization holder system. RESULTS: The commissioned production under the medical device marketing authorization holder system brings dividends and also brings risks. CONCLUSIONS We should consider improving the medical device marketing authorization holder system from marketing authorization holder, the entrusted manufacturer, and the regulatory authority, and strengthen the quality supervision of the entrusted production of products.
China ; Marketing

China ; Electrocardiography

According to the current domestic laws and regulations of the medical devices classification management, combined with the characteristics of digital therapeutics products and the existing status of classification management of medical software products in China, and drawing on international classification management experience, this study discusses and analyzes the attribute definition and classification of digital therapeutics software products, with a view to provide reference for the classification management of digital therapeutics software products.
China ; Software

With a reflection on the grand quantitative analysis in previous historical investigations, microhistory came into being in Italy in the 1960s and the 70s. Microhistory is, in principle, the intensive historical investigation of a relatively well defined smaller object. Notwithstanding, it still has the ambition to draw a larger picture of the history. Microhistory is also characterized by its preference to the exceptional individuals or phenomena, its "narrative" style and the delicate way it deals with historical sources. Essentially, microhistory endeavors to bring the individual's role, the concrete life as well as the diversity and complexity of history to the historical writing. At first, microhistory did not have intersection with the medical history. Nevertheless, the history of medicine echoes microhistory in bringing the concrete and vivid life beings to history. Mainly due to this similarity, historical surveys on medicine from the perspective of microhistory are increasing and gradually develop into a remarkable trend in the international historical academy from the 1980s onwards. As the microhistory is rising and its influence is expanding, the microhistorical approach has been practiced to a certain extent in the historical writings on medicine in China. Concentrating on an individual person, a single event, a particular drug or a specific concept, there already have some studies conduct intensive historical investigation on a small scale. A small part of these researches, for example, those of Chang Che-Chia, Li Shang-jen and etc. could be regarded as perfect examples of microhistory. However, no relevant research is carried out explicitly under the heading of microhistory, instead, they are the offspring of the "new history". Besides, most of these researches could not be regarded as real microhistories, strictly speaking. They do not practice microhistory consciously and they have a long way to go to improve the delicacy of the analysis, to reinforce the narrative style and to grasp the social context of the individual or the event (the link between micro and macro levels). Nevertheless, these studies anyway indicate the invisible influence of microhistory and have paved a way for the future microhistorical investigations on medicine. We believe that microhistory is an undercurrent about to emerge in the field of Chinese medical history. It is the right time to advocate and promote the self-conscious microhistorical investigation, promptly and strongly, while updating the ideas and methods of it to make it a dominant trend rather than an undercurrent in the studies of Chinese medical history. Its rise would not only display the value and significance of microhistory in a better way, but also would help medical history to realize its core idea of history of life, therefore to propel our inquiry into Chinese medical history.
China ; *Historiography ; *History of Medicine