Quality child growth and development are important tools in assisting today's children to become the adults of the future. Hence, developmental delays in young children have an impact not only on a child's abilities to learn new skills, but also in the opportunities of the greater community or society. In this regard, parents and caregivers are the most well-equipped to prevent the child from experiencing developmental delays. Children will learn to trust the person who sensitively interacts with them and this trust provides a foundation for future learning, growth, and development. This paper looks at the importance of encouraging child development through the parents or guardians of children, since they are inevitably linked to a child's learning, and they know their own children better than anyone else. Parents and guardians who do not have the skills required to monitor and encourage the development of young children can and should be trained by professionals. This research reveals that training parents and guardians to use the Developmental Surveillance and Promotion Manual in monitoring and encouraging development of young children is a very important way to prevent future developmental delays.
Child Development

Child ; Child Development ; physiology ; Humans

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore recognition of mother-child interaction by preschoolers' mothers. METHODS: Data were collected through in-depth interviews with mothers of 12 preschoolers. The data were analyzed following Downe-Wamboldt's content analysis methodology. RESULTS: From the data, 170 significant statements were selected and were classified into 7 categories and three domains (maternal, child, dyadic). First, the maternal domain consisted of maternal sensitivity, acceptable responsiveness, and child developmental encouragement. Second, the child domain consisted of child's sensitivity, responsiveness, and initiative. Third, the dyadic domain consisted of mutuality. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that preschoolers' mothers recognize the significant qualitative aspects of interaction with their children. Based on these results, instruments for preschooler-mother interaction need to be developed.
Child ; Child Development ; Humans ; Mothers ; Child Health

Child ; Child Behavior ; Child Development ; China ; Humans

A study stool samples were collected from 495 school children of two groups and examined by Kato - Katz techniques and anthropometric indicators (height, weight, mid upper circumference, body mass index) were measured in two years 2000-2001 in a primary school of Sam Son. The prevalence of intestinal helminths as Ascaris lumbriciodes, Trichuris trichiura and hookworm was found to be 83.5%, 92.2%, 5.6%, respectively while it was 87.5%, 98.9%, 51.3%, respectively in the control group.The anthropometric indicators were found to be lower that nomal in both groups. Prevalence of Ascaris lumbriciodes, Trichuris trichiura and hookworm was markedly reduced in the the study group after two rounds of treatment with mebendazole 500mg single dose with 6 month interval. The malnutrition status was significantly decreased one year after intervention
Child ; schools ; growth & development ; Helminthiasis

No abstract available.
Child ; Child Development* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Mass Screening*

OBJECTIVE: To obtain reliability and applicability of the Korean version Bayley Scale of Infant Development-II (BSID-II) in evaluating the developmental status of children with cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS: The inter-rater reliability of BSID-II scores from 68 children with CP (46 boys and 22 girls; mean age, 32.54+/-16.76 months; age range, 4 to 78 months) was evaluated by 10 pediatric occupational therapists. Patients were classified in several ways according to age group, typology, and the severity of motor impairment by the level of the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). The measures were performed by video analysis, and the results of intraclass correlation (ICC) were obtained for each of the above classifications. To evaluate the clinical applicability of BSID-II for CP, its correlation with the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), which has been known as the standard motor assessment for CP, was investigated. RESULTS: ICC was 0.99 for the Mental scale and 0.98 for the Motor scale in all subjects. The values of ICC ranged from 0.92 to 0.99 for each age group, 0.93 to 0.99 for each typology, and 0.99 to 1.00 for each GMFCS level. A strong positive correlation was found between the BSID-II Motor raw score and the GMFM total score (r=0.84, p<0.001), and a moderate correlation was observed between the BSID-II Mental raw score and the GMFM total score (r=0.65, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The Korean version of BSID-II is a reliable tool to measure the functional status of children with CP. The raw scores of BSID-II showed a great correlation with GMFM, indicating validity of this measure for children with CP on clinical basis.
Cerebral Palsy ; Child ; Child Development ; Humans ; Infant

Child ; Child Development ; China ; Humans ; Pediatrics ; trends

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the concept of Mother-Child Interaction (MCI). METHODS: The concept analysis method described by Walker & Avant (2005) was used. RESULTS: The attributes of MCI were as follows; 1) MCI involves positive or negative affective and verbal communication. 2) MCI involves mother, child, and dyadic activity. 3) MCI involves sensitivity, responsiveness, and child developmental stimulation. 4) MCI is reciprocal, goal-oriented partnership process. The antecedents of MCI are need for goal attainment, relationship, and child development (cognitive, physical, emotional, and social). The consequences of MCI are goal attainment, promotion of mother-child relationship, and promotion of child development. CONCLUSION: MCI is a reciprocal, goal-oriented partnership process and is an important concept in child development and health. Appropriate instruments to operationalize the concept need to be developed.
Child ; Child Development ; Humans ; Mother-Child Relations ; Mothers ; Child Health

INTRODUCTION: Excessive screen time has been found to be detrimental to a child’s development. Despite its prevalence, there is a dearth of studies relating family dynamics and screen time. This study aimed to determine the association between family dynamics and the length of screen time among preschool children. METHODS: Participants were selected through convenience sampling and interviewed using the Family APGAR questionnaire. Families were classified as functional or dysfunctional. The adult respondents estimated the total screen time and this was classified as low-level or excessive. The association between screen time and APGAR classification was determined using prevalence rate ratio. RESULTS: Majority of 115 families had an APGAR classification of highly functional, with the children having an average screen time of five hours. Children from dysfunctional families were 1.23 times more likely to have an excessive amount of screen time than those with highly functional families and the difference was significant (p = 0.041). CONCLUSION Majority of the families in this study were highly functional and the average screen time of the children included in the study was five hours. Children from dysfunctional families were 1.23 times more likely to have an excessive amount of screen time than those with highly functional families.
child, preschool ; child ; Child development ; screen time ; family relations ;