Background: In Vietnam, the three decades from 1970 to 2000 was a period having three variable periods of social and economic development:before, during and after the war against America. These changes affect child mortality.\r\n', u'Objectives: The aim of the study is to get a better understanding of the trends in neonatal, infant and child mortality rate in the 3 decades from 1970 to 2000.\r\n', u'Subjects and methods: A retrospective interview with all the women aged 15-54 years old in Bavi district, Northern Vietnam (n=14.329) was conducted.\r\n', u'Results:The results showed a dramatic reduction in infant and under five mortality rate (47%) over time while the neonatal mortality rate showed a small reduction (17%), thus made its proportion of the total child mortality increased. The factors of ethnic minority character and education of the mother were clearly related to child mortality. Children of ethnic minority mothers have 1.5 times higher risk of dying compared with Kinh mothers. Mothers with low education have 2.3 times and 1.5 times higher risk of neonatal deaths and under 5 mortality, respectively compared with mothers with higher education.\r\n', u'Conclusion: Interventions to reduce child mortality should be focused on improving neonatal care and concentrated on maternal groups with low level of education and of ethnic minorities. \r\n', u'\r\n', u'
Child mortality

The research was conducted on 213 children from 1 month to 15 years died within 24 hours of admission to the Central Hospital of Pediatrics (CHP) from 1/1/2000 to 30/6/2003 showed that the mortality rate was still high (1.73%). There were some factors affecting to child mortality. Age group 1 month to 12 months accounted 46.01%. The order of the 3 commonest causes of death are respiratory diseases, neurological diseases and infection diseases. The specific causes of death were pneumonia, septicemia, encephalitis, acute encephalitis syndrome. The mortality rate is higher in summer (35.21%), child lived in the countryside over 20km far from the CHP 85,45%. Children were came lately to the hospital, managing themselves at home 55,4%, not managing or managing not correctly 57,28%
Mortality ; Child

Child ; Humans ; Tuberculosis ; mortality

A survey on mortality was conducted in December 1997 in Quang Ninh. 60 out of 178 communes were randomly selected for the survey and 60 commune health staffs made the interviews from commune health supervised by 20 physicians from the provincial center for preventive medicine. It was found that the mortality rates of under 1 and under 5 year old children were 23 and 36 per thousand live births respectively. High mortality due to ARI and accidents was recorded. Mortality due to diarrhoea, malnutrition and vaccine preventable diseases was low. 25% of children deaths were recurred at home out
mortality ; Malnutrition ; child

Background: Septic shockis often seen in severe disease to be hospitalized at Intensive Care Unit. In America, there are about 400,000 infection cases in which 20% to 40% develop into septic sock. Objectives:This study aims to find out some prognostic factors of death in treatment of septic shock in children. Subjects and method:A prospective and descriptive study was conducted on 67 patients suffering from septic shock based on \u201cThe 2002 American College of Critical Care Medicine/Society of Critical Care Medicine \ufffd?combined with standard of 1993 National conference on Intensive care whom admitted Intensive care unit of National Hospital of Pediatrics (N.H.P) Results:The severity of shock affecting mortality rate [OR=33.0; 95% CI (6.6 - 163.0), P < 0.001]. The delay of shock diagnosis significantly affected the results of treatment and mortality rate [OR= 52.0; 95% CI (5.8 - 446.0); p < 0.001]. The severity of acidosis has affected on results of treatment and mortality rate [OR= 4.00; p<0.05]. The blood lactate of > 5.5 mmol/l indicated a bad prognosis and high mortality risk; Se 79%, Sp 52%, AUC 0.75%. The lactate level affected the mortality rate [OR = 10.0; 95% CI (1.9 - 62.0); p < 0.05]. Conclusion: The factors effected to the treatment results and mortality risk consisted of severe sock level, late diagnosis, infected severe high lactate concentration.
Shock ; Septic/ diagnosis ; mortality ; Child

Community-acquired pneumonia is the leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality. However, there is a lack of data on the epidemiology of pneumonia in Korean children. In this review, we aimed to summarize pneumonia studies in Korea and suggest diagnostic methods and treatment for Korean children who were referred based on the foreign guidelines for pediatric community-acquired pneumonia. A Korean guideline for pediatric pneumonia in tune with domestic circumstances is needed.
Child* ; Epidemiology ; Humans ; Korea ; Mortality ; Pneumonia*

Analysis of 1.701 cases of children mortality under 14 years old at 7 districts and Thai Binh city, from January 1998 to December 2000. The results: early neonatal mortality (< 7days) or a part of prenatal mortality accounted for 35.3%; neonatal mortality 41.6%, children mortality under 1 year old: 57.6%; children mortality under 5 years old: 83.5% compared with children mortality total under 14 years old. Children mortality rate under 1 year old was 13.22%o; Children mortality rate under 5 years old trended to decrease from 23.3%o (1998) to 17.5%o (2000). The main causes of children mortality was cerebral diseases, meninges diseases; respiratory diseases, cardiovascular disease; then some accidents as drowning, electric shock, traffic accident and the third was premature birth
Child ; Mortality ; Cerebral Arterial Diseases ; Premature Birth

PURPOSE: Invasive bacterial infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Previously, we reported etiology of invasive infections in healthy children in 1985-1995. This study was performed to update etiology of invasive bacterial infections in the previously healthy children. METHODS: We reviewed medical records of 98 episodes of invasive bacterial infections in immunocompetent children at the Seoul National University Children's Hospital in 1996-2004. RESULTS: The frequent pathogens identified over all age groups were Streptococcus pneumoniae (33 %) and Staphylococcus aureus (33%). The proportion of Salmonella species and Haemophilus influenzae has been declined to 4% each from 23% and 14%, respectively, compared to previous study. S. agalactiae was the most common isolate in the infants < or =3 months. Among the infants and children aged 3 months to 2 years and children of 2-5 years, S. pneumoniae (57%, 52%, respectively, in each group) was the most common isolates followed by S. aureus (17% and 24%, respectively). S. aureus was the most common isolates (73%) in children > 5 years. Primary bacteremia was the most common clinical diagnosis (27%). S. pneumoniae was responsible for 42% of primary bacteremia, 50% of meningitis, and 69% of bacteremic pneumonia and empyema. S. aureus accounted for 80% of bone and joint infections. The case fatality rate was 8.1% for all invasive infections. CONCLUSION: We reviewed frequency of bacterial agents of invasive infections in children. The data may be useful for pediatricians to select adequate empirical antibiotics in the management of invasive bacterial infections.
Infant ; Child ; Male ; Female ; Humans ; Mortality

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate success and perforation rates of pneumatic reduction and to find the predictors of reduction failure. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We reviewed 224 cases of pediatric intussusception diagnosed by air-enema between July, 1989 and June, 1992. The mean age was 9.8 months(range, 1 month to 3 years). Logistic regression analysis was used to find predictors of reduction failure. RESULTS: Successful reduction was achieved in 197 cases(87.9% of success rate). Bowel perforation occurred in two cases(0.9% of perforation rate). There were two statistically significant predictors of failure;(1) ileoileocolic intussusception(p<.001), (2) long duration of symptom(p<.001). Surgery was performed in 26 cases (11.6%), of which seven required bowel resection. CONCLUSION: Pneumatic reduction is a useful means in the management of pediatric intussusception with a high success rate and no mortality.
Child* ; Humans ; Insufflation* ; Intussusception* ; Logistic Models ; Mortality

Even though the craniopharyngioma was benign neoplasm pathologically, actually it is a clinical malignancy because its troublesome, harzardous and difficult surgical excision with high surgical mortality, morbidity and also high recurrency, especially in cases of giant sized tumor which diameter was over the 3 cm. The authors present a technical note of a giant craniopharyngioma which was mixed tumor of huge sized cystic portion and calcified solid portion in 10 years old female patient, and its diameter was 9 cm. The surgical technique of complete radical excision of tumor was staged combined method as initial percutaneous gradual drainage of cystic fluid by EVD system which was placed by stereotactic method and followed by successful radical extirpation of remaining cyst wall and solid mass by pterional-trans-sylvian microsurgical approach. There was no complication during and post-operatively.
Child ; Craniopharyngioma ; Drainage* ; Female ; Humans ; Mortality