Thirty-four cases out of 830 children with diarrhea were confirmed to be positive of fecal cryptosporidial oocysts with IFA technique and monoclonal antibodies in a period of 2 years. These 34 cases could be diagnosed as cryptosporidial enteritis. Their age ranged from 4 months to 7. 6 years with an average of 2. 5?1. 7 years. The stool was frothy and watery in appearance. High incidence occurred form June to September. Determination of PHA skin test, LBT and serum Ig was performed on 27 patients before, during and after the treatment of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge and Sophora flavescens Ait ( 2 traditional Chinese herb medicines). It was found that diarrhea lasted 10. 9?7. 1 days and oocyst shedding lasted 21. 5? 12. 3 days. Before treatment) PHA skin test showed an erythema of 7. 9?2. 4 mm in diameter, and LBT value was 48. 7%?10. 1% and they returned to normal after treatment.It is suggested that hot safrain-methylene blue stain and modified acid-fast stain of the stool be performed in those children with diarrhea of unknown etiology as a routine screening for cryptosporidial oocysts. The 2 Chinese herb medicines may have a repelling effect on the parasites and be. helpful to the cell immunity of the patients. Asymptomatic carriers of cry-tosporidial oocysts may be the source of infection.

Autophagy is fundamental to maintain cellular homeostasis. As one kind of the most well-studied selective autophagy, autophagy of mitochondria (mitophagy)is crucial for the clearance of damaged mitochondria. Mitophagy dysfunction has been proved to be closely associated with many human diseases. Nix is a key protein for mitophagy during the maturation of reticulocytes. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying Nix-mediated mitophagy are not fully understood. This article summarizes three possible working models of Nix in mitophagy induction. Firstly, Nix can interplay with Parkin, another important protein for mitophagy, to initiate mitophagy. Secondly, Nix can serve as a receptor for autophagy machinery by interacting with Atg8 family through its LIR motif. Finally, as a BH3-only protein, Nix can compete with Beclin-1 to bind other members of Bcl-2 family resulting in increased free Beclin-1 in cytosol, which further promotes autophagy flux.
Autophagy ; genetics ; physiology ; Autophagy-Related Protein 8 Family ; physiology ; Beclin-1 ; physiology ; Membrane Proteins ; physiology ; Mitochondria ; genetics ; physiology ; Mitochondrial Degradation ; genetics ; physiology ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; physiology ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; physiology

In the original publication of the article, the representative EEG of female rat pups with FS in Figure 1 C and D was incorrectly intercepted from that of male rat pups. This correction does not affect the conclusions of the paper. Figure 1 has been corrected on the online PDF version and displayed below.

Humans ; Spinal Cord Injuries/complications* ; Paralysis/etiology* ; Nervous System Diseases ; Brain