Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a common preventable and treatable disease, is characterized by airflow limitation that is usually progressive and associated with an enhanced chronic inflammatory response in the airways. Its main pathological manifestations include airway inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, oxidative stress and apoptotic epithelial cells. Recent research suggests that MAP kinases and Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway are involved in the pathological process of inflammation and oxidative stress. This review explores the potential role of the cross talk of these signaling pathways in airway inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, oxidative stress and apoptotic epithelial cells. To clarify the roles of cross talk between MAP kinases and Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway, we also focus on the drugs related to that in the treatment of COPD, and it provides ideas for more drug research in the treatment of COPD.

Objective To study the impact of establishment of lipopolysaccharide ( LPS )-induced rat model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)on the function of multidrug resistance-associated protein 1(MRP1)in the rat bronchial epithelium .Methods Using intratracheal instillation of LPS to establish COPD rat model .8-week old healthy male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups (10 rats in each group ):(1) Normal control;(2) Modeling for 14 days after LPS instillation;(3) Modeling for 28 days after LPS instillation.Pulmonary function and the concentration of phenol red in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ( BALF) and plasma were measured .The ratio of phenol red concentration in BALF/plasma was used as an index of the MRP 1 function in the rat bronchial epithelium and the expression of MRP 1 in the bronchial epi-thelium was also observed by immunohistochemistry .Results Compared with the normal group , the pulmonary functions of the rats in the model groups were significantly reduced along with the modeling progress .After intravenous administration of phenol red, the ratio of phenol red concentration in BALF/plasma was gradually reduced , and the expression of MRP1 in the bronchial epithelium was significantly decreased .Conclusions COPD rat model can be established by intratracheal LPS instillation, and the function of MRP1 in bronchial epithelium was gradually reduced along with the modeling progress .

Objective To investigate iodine nutrition and thyroid health status among residents in Zhoushan archipelago, and to analyse their relationship.Methods A total of 3 284 residents in Zhoushan archipelago were surveyed by questionnaire and their thyroids were examined by B-mode ultrasound.The levels of urinary iodine and thyroid function were detected.Results The median level of urinary iodine in 3 284 residents was 226.0 μg/L, being 320.7 μg/L in citizens, 188.9 μg/L in farmers, 122.2 μg/L in salt-makers, 193.6 μg/L in fishers, and 271.7 μg/L in buddhist.The prevalence of diffuse goiter, nodular goiter, colloid goiter, thyroid adenoma, thyroid carcinoma, hyperthyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, and positve rate of TPOAb were 1.7% ,25.3% ,8.7% ,0.2% ,0.4% ,0.5% ,0.8% ,0.03%,1.0% ,and 9.5% repectively.The prevalence of thyroid diseases was increasing with aging, and higher in women than in men (P＜0.05).There was no significant relationship of the thyroid diseases with seafood, smoking,drinking, and tea (P＞0.05).Conclusions The citizens of Zhoushan archipelago have adequate iodine intake.It is pertinent to discuss Universal Salt Iodization.Excessive iodine intake may contribute to the high prevalence rate of thyroid diseases in Zhoushan.