Objective To detect the expressions of annexin 5 mRNA and Bax mRNA in the rat testis after the submandibular gland was removed. Methods On days 14,28 and 42 after the operation,the expression levels of annexin 5 and Bax mRNA in the rat testis were examined by fluorogenic quantitative RT-PCR. Results Fluorogenic quantitative RT-PCR showed that there was a 38.5% and 55.3% increase in the expression of annexin 5 mRNA and a 70.6% and 80.5% significant increase in the expression of Bax mRNA(P

Objective To investigate the safety and clinical effect of laparoscopic radical parametrectomy in the treatment of unexpected cervical cancer . Methods A retrospective analysis was made on clinical characteristics of 15 patients who were diagnosed as unexpected cervical cancer from January 2008 to December 2014.The age of the patients was between 29 and 67 years old, with an average of 43.9 years old.The indications for hysterectomy were cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 2-3 in 7 cases, uterine myoma in 3 cases, dysfunctional uterine bleeding in 2 cases, uterine prolapse in 2 cases and adenomyosis in 1 case. Pathological results after the hysterectomy included 13 cases of cervical squamous carcinoma and 2 cases of adenocarcinoma .The lesions were all confined to the cervix , with 4 cases of stage ⅠA2 disease and 11 cases of stage ⅠB1 .The lymph-vascular space invasion was found in 4 cases.The operation interval between the two operations was 3-7 d (mean, 4.6 d).They were all given laparoscopic radical parametrectomy . Results The operation time was 212-285 min (mean, 249.6 min), and the blood loss was 250-500 ml ( mean, 376 ml) .Postoperative pathological findings showed no residual disease .Only one patient had left pelvic lymph node mestastasis .Two patients had intraoperative complications , including 1 bladder injury and 1 ureteral injury .There were 3 cases of postoperative complications , including 2 cases of uroschesis and 1 case of lymphocyst .The follow-up time was 6-84 months ( median, 48 months).No recurrence was seen.The 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates were 100%, 93.3%, 86.7%, respectively. Conclusions Laparoscopic radical parametrectomy in the treatment of unexpected cervical cancer is difficult to perform and has more complications . This surgical method is applicable to those who refused postoperation radiotherapy or required retaining ovarian function .

G protein-coupled estrogen receptor(GPER), as a newly discovered estrogen membrane protein-coupled receptor, has attracted much attention in endocrine metabolism research in recent years.Abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism and imbalance of inflammatory response mediated by GPER is one of the pathogenesis mechanisms of various endocrine and metabolic diseases.GPER is expected to become a new drug target for the treatment of coronary atherosclerosis, obesity and diabetes.This article briefly reviews the progress of GPER-mediated estrogen signaling pathway in terms of glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism and inflammation.

Objective To investigate the effect of stress induced by fear on germ cells apoptosis in rat's testis. Methods 36 SD rats were randomly assigned to acute stress group, subacute stress group, chronic stress group and control group, respectively. The model of the stress rat induced by fear was reproduced. The levels of caspase-3 mRNA and bax /bcl-2 mRNA expression in rats' testis were determined by fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR. The apoptosis of spermatogonic cell, primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte and spermatid was identified by TUNEL. Results Caspase-3 mRNA, compared with that in control group, was expressed highly in the subacute stress group (5.34?1.13 vs 3.67?0.34, P0.05). The ratio of bax /bcl-2 mRNA, compared with that in the control group, was increased significantly in the subacute stress group (2.68?0.86 vs 1.60?0.42, P0.05). Compared with that in control group (1.50?0.58), the apoptotic index of germ cells was higher in the subacute stress group (10.50?1.29, P0.05). Conclusion Stress induced by fear plays an important role in inducing germ cells apoptosis, and caspase-3, bax and bcl-2 were involved in this process.

Objective To describe CT and MRI imaging findings of retinal hamartomas with tuberous sclerosis and evaluate their clinical value.Design Retrospective case series.Participants 7 patients of tuberous sclerosis complex(TSC) who have ocular lesions found with CT and MRI examination.Methods 7 patients with tuberous sclerosis were diagnosed by clinical data and head CT.The size,morphology,density and enhancing situation of the retinal lesions were observed with CT and MRI,as while as with direct or indirect fundoscopy.Main Outcome Measures CT and MRI features of ocular lesions.Results 7 cases displayed intracranial calcification and/or non-calcified tubercles,situating in subendyma(7 cases,accounting for 100%) by head CT.Orbital CT and MRI showed 4 cases (57.1%) of flat retinal hamartomas 3 cases(42.9%) of retinal lobular and nodular hamartomas,2 cases(28.6%) scattered calcification patches in hamartoma,and 2 cases(28.6%) of nanophthalmos.The lesions displayed unenhancement on contrast-enhanced MR images in 7 cases(100%).There was 1 case(14.3%) of progressive retinal astrocytic hamartoma.Conclusion The examination of CT and MRI may find the bigger retinal hamartomas,which can play a very important role at the diagnosis with the help of whole brain examination. For progressive retinal astrocytic hamartoma,systemic evaluation with CT and MRI can provide evidence for choosing appropriate thera- pies.

ObjectiveTo analyze the characteristics of left ventricular (LV) twist and discuss the relationship between LV ejection fraction (LVEF) and LV twist in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) by two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI).MethodsForty-six patients with CKD and 30 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. After conventional echocardiography, LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and LV end-systolic volume (LVESV) were measured by Biplane Simpson method and the LVEF was calculated. And relevant parameters of LV rotation and twist were measured by speckle tracking imaging. Correlation analysis of LVEDV, LVESV and LV peak rotation and twist were analyzed respectively. ResultsCompared with the control group, LV peak twist and the apical rotation were decreased in CKD patients, which was statistically significant (t=0.002 and 0.020, bothP<0.05). The inferior wall and posterior intermediate septum of basal segment were significantly decreased (t=0.044 and 0.041, both P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis revealed LV apical peak rotation had a relationship with LVEDV and LVESV (r= 0.355 and 0.409, bothP<0.01).Conclusion2D-STI is an practical noninvasive method which can analyze LV twist accurately and recognize LV systolic dysfunction of CKD patients sensitively.

Objective To sum up our preliminary experience on radical surgery for the treatment of Budd Chiari syndrome under genuine direct vision. Method A total of 13 cases were enrolled in this study with age ranging from 17 to 48 years, and history from 3 months to 5 years. There was inferior vena cava (IVC) membranous obstruction in 3 cases, right hepatic venous membrane (HV) in 1 case, IVC membrane with distal thrombosis in 6 cases, long segment of thrombosis of IVC in 2 cases, IVC tumor thrombus extending to right atrium in 1 case of retroperitoneal tumor. Result All lesions were successfully resected. Extracorporeal circulation was used in one case, cell saver was used in 2 cases. No blood transfusion was needed except for one case receiving bank blood transfusion of 2000 ml, and the other one of 400 ml. One patient died of renal failure during perioperative period. Disappearance of the symptoms and sigh after operation was found in all the other cases. Conclusion This new radical surgery gives access to the lesions under clear direct vision facilitating the correction.

Objective To try different concentrations of nicotine promotes the apoptosis of human umbilical vein en-dothelial cells and its mechanism .Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured .According to the concentration of nicotine , grouped as 10 -6 , 10 -7, 10 -8 mol/L, and control.After 24 h of nicotine treat-ment, proliferation/activity were tested by CCK-8 assay;Annexin V-FITC fluorescence staining detects the apoptot-ic cells.Western blot detects the expression of protein Bax , Bcl-2 and PARP-1, to study the mechanism of apopto-sis.Results Compared with control group , in 10 -6 ,10 -7 mol/L groups the proliferation/activity of HUVECs de-creased ( P<0.05 ) .And the number of apoptotic cells increased ( P<0.01 ) .The target proteins expression of 10 -6、10 -7 mol/L groups were changed as follow: Bax increased ( P <0.01 ) , Bcl-2 decreased ( P <0.01 ) and PARP-1 increased ( P<0.01 ) .Conclusions Nicotine may promote the apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells , which accelerates the development of atherosclerotic disease .

Objective To describe CT and MRI imaging findings of retinal hamartomas with tuberous sclerosis and evaluate their clinical value. Design Retrospective case series. Participants 7 patients of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) who have ocular lesions found with CT and MRI examination. Methods 7 patients with tuberous sclerosis were diagnosed by clinical data and head CT. The size, morphology, density and enhancing situation of the retinal lesions were observed with CT and MR.I, as while as with direct or indi-rect fundoscopy. Main Outcome Measures CT and MRI features of ocular lesions. Results 7 cases displayed intraeranial calcification and/or non-calcified tubercles, situating in subendyrna (7 cases, accounting for 100%) by head CT. Orbital CT and MRI showed 4 cases (57.1%) of flat retinal hamartomas 3 cases (42.9%) 9f retinal lobular and nodular hamartomas, 2 cases(28.6%) scattered calcification patches in hamartoma, and 2 cases (28.6%) of nanophthalmos. The lesions displayed unenhancement on contrast-enhanced MR images in 7 cases(100%) . There was 1 case (14.3%) of progressive retinal astrocytic hamartoma. Conclusion The examination of CT and MRI may find the bigger retinal hamartomas, which can play a very important role at the diagnosis with the help of whole brain examination. For progressive retinal nstrocytic hamartoma,systemic evaluation with CT and MRI can provide evidence for choosing appropriate thera-pies. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2009, 18: 257-260)

Objective To evaluate global left ventricular(LV) strain of patients with chronic renal failure(CRF) by three-dimensional speckle tracking imaging(3D-STI) and discuss the possible association between global peak strain and ejection fraction of LV.Methods The study includes 22 patients in the renal failure period,25 patients with uremia (pre-dialysis),and 20 healthy controls.Global peak longitudinal strain (GPSL),global peak area strain(GPSA) and global peak radial strain(GPSR) were measured by 3D-STI.Then possible association between GPSL,GPSA,GPSR and LVEF were discussed by the Pearson correlation analysis.Results The GPSL,GPSA,GPSR were statistically different in the control group,patients in the renal failure period and patients with uremia.There were significant differences between groups(F =13.28,4.65,4.68,P ＜ 0.01) as following,all of GPSL,GPSA,GPSR were lower in uremia group compared with control group [q =7.48(GPSL),4.19(GPSA),4.72(GPSR),P ＜0.01],GPSL was lower in renal failure group compared with control group [q =4.9 (GPSL),P ＜0.01].The Pearson correlation analysis revealed GPSL,GPSA,GPSR were strongly associated with LVEF(r =-0.679,-0.781,0.719,P ＜0.01).Conclusions In patients with CRF,the global peak strain can reveal the systolic function of left ventricle and the global peak longitudinal strain can recognize systolic dysfunction more sensitively.