To eliminate cancer hazards to human health,the development of the therapeutic cancer vaccine has been given more and more attention.By contrast of tradition therapy,cancer immunotherapy take the advantage of being able to achieve target therapy and take modest harm to organism.Here,we first idiscussed the mechanisms of cancer immune escape,and reviewed the design principles of therapeutic cancer vaccine,as well as the latest research progress of therapeutic cancer vaccine and its application.

AIM: To investigate the dynamic variety of frequency and function of FoxP3~+ regulatory T cells in patients with acute hepatitis B (AHB). METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 15 AHB patients at acute phase (week 1 of illness), convalescent phase (primary occurrence of both ALT level normalization and HBsAg negative conversion), resolved phase (at least 8 weeks after both ALT normalization and HBsAg seroconversion, and 15 health subjects were analyzed for FoxP3 (Forkhead/winged helix transcription factor) mRNA expression in MACS magnetic beads-purified CD4~+ T cells by real-time RT-PCR assay. The effects of Treg cells on the proliferation of CD4~+CD25~- T cells were examined by a ~3[H]-thymidine incorporation assay. RESULTS: AHB patients presented a significantly higher FoxP3 mRNA expression at convalescent phase than acute phase (t=-6.04, P<0.01) and resolved phase (t=4.45, P<0.01), and healthy controls (t=3.44, P<0.01). We also observed that the suppression efficiency of Treg cells on proliferation of CD4~+CD25~- T cells was lower at acute phase than convalescent phase (t=-5.30, P<0.01) and resolved phase (t=-3.20, P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between healthy controls and any phase of AHB. CONCLUSION: AHB patients presented lower circulating Treg frequency and suppression function at acute phase, and both of them are increased at convalescent phase, and then return to normal level along with disease resolved. This follow-up study furthers our understanding of Treg' s role in immunopathogenesis of hepatitis B.

The receptor of the heart transplantation was a patient with terminal dilated cardiomyopathy, the donor was a patient with congenital ventricular septal defect, in situ double-chamber heart transplantation was performed, and the result of the four-year follow-up was satisfactory. At present, donor is deficient,and those donors with congenital defect can also obtain satisfactory clinical application effects after appropriate handling.

Objective To investigate the level of the clinical nurses' critical thinking disposition and the competence about nursing ethical decision making,and analyze the relationship between them.Methods A total of 359 clinical nurses were recruited by stratified random sampling method.They were investigated with general situation questionnaire,critical thinking disposition inventory-Chinese version (CTDI-CV) and judgment about nursing decisiors(JAND).Results The total score of CTDI-CV was (285.06±26.79),the total score of JAND was(267.91±16.62).The influencing factors of clinical nurses' competence about nursing ethical decision making was education background,ways of obtaining occupational knowledge,training of nursing ethical decision.The clinical nurses' competence about nursing ethical decision making was positively correlated with critical thinking disposition.Conclusions The level of clinical nurses' critical thinking disposition and competence about nursing ethical decision making are medium,in order to improve the level of competence about nursing ethical decision making,both school education and the continue education among hospital should strengthen the training of nurses' critical thinking disposition.

Objective To study the effect of sub-chronic exposure to dehamethrin(DM) on the behavior of mice in learning and memory.Methods 60 Female SPF Kunming mice were randomly divided into 4 groups and given DM by gavaging for 60 days.Morris water maze (MWM) was used to evaluate spatial memory in mice.Results After exposure to DM,the escape latency of the solvent control group and the treatment groups were (12.20±6.5)s,(14.99±5.4) s,(15.64±8.3)s,(22.71±6.2)s on the fifth day.The escape latency of the high-dose group was higher than those of the low-dose group (P=0.0041) and the solvent control group (P=0.019) in the navigation test.The number of crossing position of the platform in the high-dose group ((2.93± 1.53)times) and the middle-dose group ((3.40± 1.12) times) were lower than that in the solvent control group ((5.87 ± 1.55) times) and the low-dose group ((4.90± 1.41)times)(P＜0.05).Conclusion Sub-chronic exposure to DM can damage the spatial learning and memory of mice.

Objective To explore the effects of acupoint application of midnight-noon ebb-flow with hour-prescription of points on dysfunction for sufferers with senile osteoporosis(SOP).Methods In this study,76 patients with SOP in clinic in this hospital were recruited and randomly divided into the experimental group(n=38) and the control group(n=38) in accordance with random number table.Both were on the basic treatment of Caltrate D.The experimental group performed acupoint application of midnight-noon ebb flow with hour-prescription of points,while the control one performed common acupoint application.Oswestry Disability Index(ODI) was used to evaluate the dysfunction before,after 4 weeks and 8 weeks of intervention.SF-36 was adopted to evaluate the patients' quality of life before and after 8 week's intervention.Results The ODI scores of the experimental group after 4 weeks and 8 weeks were lower than those of the control group(P＜0.01).Repeated ANOVA indicated that the scores of ODI in group effect,time effect and interaction effect were of statistical significance(P＜0.01).Further comparison showed that the scores of ODI in three different time sections suggested that the latter time point were lower than those of the former time point(P＜0.01).The scores of eight dimensions of SF-36 after the intervention of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The acupoint application of midnight noon ebb flow-with hour-prescription of points can effectively improve the dysfunction whose curative effect enhanced with time increasing and improve the quality of life.

Objective To assess the effect and feasibility of group reminiscence therapy on depression in the elderly.Methods We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (-2013),Medline (1982-2013),Embase (1974 2013),AMED (-2013),CINAHL(-2013),CMB (1994-2013),VIP,CNKI and Wanfang to collect the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which the group reminiscence therapy was used to treat depression in elderly patients.The studies were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria by two reviewers,and the quality of included studies was evaluated according to Cochrane Handbook and performed meta analyses by using the Cochrane Collaboration's RevMan 5.2 software.Results A total of 10 RCTs involving 944 patients were included.The results of meta-analysis showed that as compared with conventional treatment,group reminiscence therapy on the basis of conventional treatment was more effective in decreasing depression score [MD=-4.86,95 ％ C I(-5.10,-4.65)].Compared with psychological counseling,group reminiscence therapy had more effect on decreasing depression score [MD=-9.34,95％ CI (-10.77,-7.91)].There was no significant difference in the dropout rate between group reminiscence therapy and other control treatments [RR=1.22,95％ CI (0.79-1.88)].The descriptive analysis showed that group reminiscence therapy was effective in alleviating the symptoms of depression.Conclusions Group reminiscence therapy can improve the symptoms of depression in elderly patients and conforms to the principle of economic benefit.However,the results should be interpreted with caution because of the low quality of the included studies.

Objective: To observe the joint effect of school and family tobacco control on middle school students, and to explore its effectiveness in reducing second-hand smoke exposure in middle school students’ families, as so asto provide a new way of thinking for controlling smoking among middle school sudents. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted on the study of 2 125 primary and high school students in four middle schools in the Dongcheng District of Beijing by means of a stratified group sampling method. Personal information of students, tobacco control environment around the family, school and surrounding ares, as well as the knowledge, attitude and behavior of students related to tobacco control was collected. Results: The exposure rate of second-hand smoke in the families of middle and high school students in Dongcheng District of Beijing was 33.41%. Smoking by at least one parent was positively correlated with second-hand smoke exposure in the student’s home (OR=22.88, P<0.05). Among the students who saw the "clear no-smoking label" on campus, the exposure rate (4.92%) when the smoking restriction was set on the home was lower than that of those who did not have a regulation in the home (58.94%) (χ2=452.57, P<0.01). The results of Logistic regression showed that there was a combination of family smoking restrictions and second-hand smoke exposure in middle and high school students who had seen the smoking ban on campus (OR=0.08) and had the school’s tobacco control education (OR=0.08). Conclusion The joint tobacco control measures between school and family can effectively reduce the exposure rate of second-hand smoke in middle school students’ families, which is better than the effect of tobacco control alone.

Objective:To analyze the research status, research hotspots and frontier trends of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of influenza in the past 20 years through the knowledge graph, so as to provide reference basis for further research.Methods:The related literatures of TCM in the treatment of influenza were collected in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from 2000 to 2019. The relevant graphs of authors, research institutions and key words were drawn by CiteSpace 5.6, the distribution and cooperation of main research forces in this field were analyzed, and the research frontiers and hot spot information in this field were discussed.Results:A total of 3 048 related literatures were obtained, involving 949 authors and 242 research institutions. The analysis of the number of articles showed that the volume of articles related to the treatment of influenza with TCM fluctuated greatly in the past 20 years, which was obviously affected by the sudden hot spots around 2010, but showed an overall upward trend, with an average annual volume of about 152 articles. The analysis of the author's cooperation map showed that a total of 77 core authors had published more than 5 articles, accounting for only 8.1% of all authors, and 5 authors had published more than 30 articles. Five major teams had been formed with Gu Ligang, Liu Qingquan, Lu Fangguo, Cui Xiaolan and Zhang Fengxue as the core. The analysis of the cooperation map of research institutions showed that the cooperation among institutions was not good, and only the scientific research institutes in Beijing and Guangzhou had formed a closely related cooperation network. The keyword co-occurrence map showed that 8 keywords appeared more than 100 times, especially ultra-high-frequency keywords, influenza virus ranked first ( n = 518). There were 14 key nodes, such as influenza virus, TCM treatment, viral pneumonia and so on, which supported the current research field of TCM in the treatment of influenza. Fourteen clusters were formed to classify the current research hotspots, including the nomenclature of influenza, virus type, TCM treatment, western medicine knowledge, etc., and the map showed that the clustering was reasonable and the structure was significant. Timeline graph showed that parainfluenza virus, virus disease, pharmacodynamics, heat-clearing and detoxifying drugs, bacteriostasis and experimental research had all been studied for more than 8 years, revealing the research hotspots and trends of TCM in the treatment of influenza. Conclusions:The overall research related to the treatment of influenza with TCM is relatively perfect. In the future, the close cooperation among authors and institutions should be strengthened. The molecular mechanism research, clinical and animal trials of TCM should be further studied, so as to improve the research system of TCM treatment of influenza.

Objective:To observe any improvement in hemiplegic upper limb functioning when transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is combined with robot-assisted upper limb treatment, and analyze the potential mechanism of neural plasticity through diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).Methods:Twenty stroke survivors with hemiplegia were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group, each of 10, according to a random number table. Both groups were treated with conventional medication and rehabilitation training using an upper limb robot, while the treatment group also received tDCS daily, with the current increasing from 0 to 1mA over 10 seconds, and then decreasing to 0 over twenty minutes. The experiment lasted for 15 days. The upper extremity portion of the Fugl-Meyer rating scale (UE-FMA) and the Wolf Motor Function Rating Scale (WMFT) were used to evaluate motor functioning before and after the treatment. DTI was also conducted for both groups.Results:After the treatment, the average UE-FMA and WMFT scores of the two groups were significantly higher than before the treatment, with the average UE-FMA score of the treatment group (35.32±13.25), significantly higher than that of the control group (21.80±13.93). After the treatment there were significant differences between the groups in their average FA, rFA and FAasy of the posterior limb of the internal capsule, as well as in FA and the CST length of the central anterior gyrus.Conclusion:tDCS combined with robot-assisted upper limb rehabilitation training can significantly improve the motor functioning of hemiplegic upper limbs, possibly due to neuroplasticity mechanisms that promote CST integrity and symmetry changes. tDCS can be an important adjunct therapy in clinical neurorehabilitation.