Anti-S antibody is rare and irregular antibody in MNS blood group system. One patient was found positive when doing antibody screening experiment before coronary artery bypass grafting. This is the first case of serum IgG-anti-S in our laboratory. S-antibody screening test and irregular antibody identification are important before blood transfusion, which can reduce the transfusion reaction.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Guominjian to infants with eczema. Methods Fifty-seven infants with eczema were randomly divided into the treated group and the control group, who received treatment of Guominjian and usual treatment respectively. Eczema symptoms and change of serum IgE, IL-2, IL-4 was observed before and after treatment. Results After treatment, significant difference was shown between the two groups, significant improvement was shown in the treated group. Conclusion Guominjian is helpful in improving clinical symptoms, reducing corticosteroids use.

Objective To review multi-center experience on rescue use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO) in pediatric patients with respiratory failure and to investigate its short-term outcome in China.Methods The survey was conducted in 4 tertiary hospitals in China mainland.All children<18 years old who had been supported with non-open chest ECMO to rescue respiratory failure in PICU were reviewed.Results Twenty-one patients with ECMO support were diagnosed respiratory failure.Male was 14,female was 7.Twelve patients successfully weaned off ECMO, 8 patients survived to discharge and 13 died.The largest part of protopathy was severe pneumonia(33%)and acute respiratory distress syndrome(29%).Their mean age was 29.0(9.0,81.5)months, mean weight was 12.0(9.0,20.8)kg,and mean OI index was 31.5(19.2,41.0).The average length of ECMO run was 149.0(91.2,242.0)hours.The blood gas analysis showed that PO2 increased from 49.5(40.4,61.9)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa) at the beginning to 65.0(42.6,120.5)mmHg at 24h after ECMO treatment,and the increase of PO2 was higher in the survival compared with the nonsurvival[52.0(1.8,89.4) mmHg vs.8.2(-15.1,33.9) mmHg,P=0.036].The SO2 increased from 80.0%(70.4%,91.8%)at ECMO initiation to 98.0%(95.6%,100%)at 24h after ECMO treatment,and increase of SO2 was higher in survival group compared to that of nonsurvival group[23.5%(11.4%,27.1%) vs.4.3%(2.4%,23.8%),P=0.039].VV mode had higher survival rate than VA mode(3/3 vs.5/18).The longer the use of ventilator before ECMO,the mortality rate increased as well.The mechanical ventilation time before ECMO was significantly longer in nonsurvival group than that in the survival group[4.5(2.5,12.0)h vs.1.6(1.0,2.2)h,P=0.015].The most common complications during ECMO run were bleeding and disfunction of oxygenator.Conclusion ECMO is an effective support treatment for the pediatric patients with respiratory failure,which significantly improves oxygenation.

BACKGROUND:Previous studies on immunosuppression and anti-rejection after organ transplantation mainly focused on effects of T lymphocytes-mediated immune response and immunosuppressive agents on T lymphocytes. Effects of dendritic cel s were unclear. The manifestation and mechanism of immunosuppressive agent effects on dendritic cel s are not identical. OBJECTIVE:To compare the effects of different immunosuppressive agents on expression and function of costimulatory molecules of dendritic cel s, and to explore the mechanism of action of immunosuppressive agents. METHODS:20μg/L rapamycin, 0.04 mg/L mycophenolate, 10μg/L tacrolimus and 1 mg/L cyclosporine A were separately added during bone marrow cel s of C57BL/6 mice were differentiated into dendritic cel s. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Flow cytometry results revealed that CD40 expression in each group:rapamycin0.05). One-way mixed lymphocyte reaction results displayed dendritic cel costimulatory T cel proliferation in each group:rapamycin

Objective:To detect mutations in a pedigree containing two brothers with oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) by whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing.Methods:Clinical data were collected from a pedigree with OCA, and DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples obtained from the proband and other family members. The whole-exome coding region of the proband was directly sequenced by whole-exome sequencing technology to identify potential pathogenic mutations, and Sanger sequencing was conducted to verify the gene mutations.Results:Both the proband and his younger brother presented with generalized white skin, golden-yellow hair, bilateral nystagmus, photophobia, translucent iris, conjunctival congestion, and refractive errors of both eyes. The proband′s parents, grandparents, maternal grandparents, and children were all phenotypically normal, and his parents′ marriage was non-consanguineous. Three heterozygous mutations were identified in the OCA2 gene of both the proband and his younger brother, including a nonsense mutation c.1290T>A, and 2 missense mutations c.1363A>G and c.1204T>C. The mutation c.1204T>C has not been previously reported, and was a novel gene mutation in the OCA2 gene. In addition, 1 heterozygous mutation c.1204T>C was identified in the OCA2 gene in the proband′s father and daughter, 2 heterozygous mutations c.1290T>A and c.1363A>G were found in the OCA2 gene in the proband′s mother, and 1 heterozygous mutation c.1290T>A was identified in the OCA2 gene in the proband′s son and the daughter of the proband′s younger brother.Conclusions:Three gene mutations were identified in the OCA2 gene in the 2 patients with OCA, and the nonsense mutation c.1290T>A may be the pathogenic mutation causing the clinical phenotype of this family. These findings expand the pathogenic mutational spectrum of the OCA gene.

Objective: To survey the conduction and evaluate the effectiveness of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in China mainland. Methods: In a questionnaire-based survey, we retrospectively reviewed the application of ECMO in children's hospital and general hospital in China mainland to summarize and analyze the categories of diseases and prognosis of children treated with ECMO therapy. Results: By December 31, 2017, a total of 23 hospitals using ECMO, including 22 tertiary referral hospitals and 1 secondary hospital, among which 16 were children′s hospitals and 7 were general hospitals. Thirty-seven ECMO equipment was available. A total of 518 patients treated with ECMO, within whom 323 (62.4%) successfully weaned from ECMO and 262 (50.6%) survived to discharge. Among 375 pediatric patients, 233 (62.1%) were successfully weaned from ECMO and 186 (49.6%) survived to discharge. Among 143 newborn patients, 90 (62.9%) successfully weaned from ECMO, 76 (53.1%) survived to discharge. ECMO was applied in veno-arterial (VA) mode to 501 (96.7%) patients, veno-venous (VV) mode to 14 (2.7%) patients, and VV-VA conversion mode to 3 (0.6%) patients. Sixty-nine patients required extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR), including 20 newborn patients (29.0%) and 38 pediatric patients (71.0%), who were all with cardiovascular disease. Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (26/61), persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) (12/61), and meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) (11/61) are the most common pulmonary diseases in newborn patients; among whom, infants with PPHN had highest survival rate (10/12), followed by MAS (9/11). Among newborn patients with cardiovascular diseases, those who admitted were after surgery for congenital cardiac disease were the most common (54/82), while those with septic shock had the highest survival rate (2/3). In pediatric pulmonary diseases, acute respiratory distress syndrome was the most common (42/93), while plastic bronchitis was with the highest survival rate (4/4), followed by viral pneumonia (13/16). Among pediatric cardiovascular diseases, congenital cardiac defect was the most common (124/282), while fulminant myocarditis had the highest survival rate (54/77). Conclusion The application of ECMO as a rescue therapy for children with severe cardiopulmonary failure has dramatically developed in China mainland.