BACKGROUND:Maxilofacial bone and periodontal tissue defect is one of the important diseases that affect human functionality and aesthetic appearance, and bone tissue engineering becomes the main means to repair maxilofacial and periodontal tissue defects. Currently, the basic mode is constructed by the combination of co-culture of seed cels and cels, scaffolds and micro-environment. Pre-vascularization and rapid osteogenesis of tissue-engineered bone can reduce implant necrosis and absorption, and improve repair success rate. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the new progress of bone tissue engineering used in the oral and maxilofacial and periodontal tissue in the past 5 years. METHODS:CNKI database and PubMed database from 2010 to 2015 were searched using the keywords of “oral and maxilofacial, bone tissue engineering, bone regeneration, vascularization, genetic modification, seed cels, support material, microenvironment” in Chinese and English, respectively. After elimination of independent and repetitive studies, 68 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The tissue-engineered bone has achieved tremendous progress in the repair of oral and maxilofacial and periodontal tissue defects. The three-dimensional scaffold with gene-modified seed cels can effectively promote the vascularization, improve the osteogenic effect and increased the probability of success in mandibular defect repair. In addition, tissue-engineered bone implantation into the alveolar ridge defects or fresh extraction fossa can effectively restore and preserve alveolar ridge height and width, to ensure a good bone condition for subsequent restorative treatment. After the implantation of tissue-engineered bone, different external environmental stimuli could be loaded at defect sites, and the extracelular matrix components or signal pathway could be adjusted to change the process of vascularization. Vascularization is a premise condition for the establishment of an effective blood circulation to ensure the success of scaffold implantation.

砄bjective:To study the biocompatability and absorption of ? tricalcium phosphate doped A10 (? TCP A) and ? tricalcium phosphate doped SrO (? TCPs) in the implantation into mandible.Methods:Pieces of ? TCP A,? TCPs or ? TCP (? tricalcium phosphate) in the size of 10 mm?3 mm? 2.5 mm were implanted into the defects of mandible in 48 rabbits.The specimens were obtained 2,4,12 and 24 weeks after operation respectively,measured for size and observed morphologically, the content of Ca,P and S in the specimens was measured with EDAX.Results:The absorption (%) of ? TCP A,? TCPs and ? TCP in 24 weeks was 22,28 and 40 respectively.Bone formation was found in the interface between the mandible and materials in 4 weeks and the amount of new bone in the materials increased in 12～24 weeks.No inflammation was found.The amount of Ca,P and S in the materials was close to that in the mandible of rabbit in 24 weeks.Conclusion:? TCP A and ? TCPs are biocompatable for implantation into bone deffect.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of preoperative transcatheter artery chemoembolization (TACE) correlates with outcome after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Sixty-seven patients with HCC underwent TACE before OLT. In all the patients, there were 52 males and 15 females with age ranging from 34 to 67 years old (average 48). Sixty-one patients met the Milan' standard, and 6 patients exceeded Milan' standard. Classic OLT was done in 62 patients and pigyback liver transplantation was done in 5 patients. Immunosuppression regimen after operation included Tacrolimus (or Ciclosporin,Sirolimus), mycophynolate, steroid hormone. The efficacy of TACE was assessed according to histological findings after OLT. Tumor recurrence rate of 1-and 2-year tumor recurrence rate, and 1-and 2-year survival rate in different groups with different responses to preoperative TACE were compared. Results Tumor necrosis rate was greater than 50% in 50 patients and new tumor nodi occurred in 2 patients. Tumor necrosis rate after TACE was 73. 77%. Tumor necrosis rate was less than 50% in 17 patients and new tumor nodi occurred in 7 patients. Forty-eight patients had satisfactory efficacy after TACE and no new tumor nodi occurred, 1-and 2-year tumor recurrence rate was 2. 08/ (1/48) and 6. 25% (3/48) respectively, and 1- and 2-year survival rate was 97. 92% (47/48) and 95. 83% (46/48) respectively. Nineteen patients had worse efficacy after TACE and new nodi occurred, 1- and 2-year tumor recurrence rate was 36. 84% (7/19) and 57. 89% (11/19), and 1-and 2-year survival rate was 73.68% (14/19) and 47. 37% (9/19) respectively. There were statistically significant difference between the two groups (P＜0.05). Conclusion TACE provides good local control in preoperatively diagnosed HCC, but its impact is limited in lesions not detected preoperatively. Patients with satisfactory efficacy after TACE before OLT had a good prognosis. The response to preoperative TACE may predict long-term outcome after LT.

Objective To compare the clinical effects of botulinum toxin injection and radiofre quency thermal rhizotom in the treatment of primary hemifacial spasm.Methods A total 118 primary hemifacial spasm patients were randomly divided into two groups,who were received botulinum toxinA injections and radiofrequency thermal rhizotom treatment,respectively.Patients were followed up,and the curative effect,complications and recurrence rates of the two treatments were statistically compared.Results The early curative effect (1 month) for primary hemifacial spasm in botulinum toxin injection group was better than that in radiofrequency thermal rhizotom treatment group:recurrence rate of long-term (6 months) was 72.5 ％,but caused a very low risk of facial paralysis; radiofrequency thermal rhizotom treatment had a long-term effect as compared with botulinum toxin injection,6 months recurrence rate was 21.4 ％,with a low rate of postoperative facial paralysis.Conclusions Botulinum toxin injections is higher in short-term effectiveness and smaller in side effects as compared with the treatment of radiofrequency thermal rhizotom. However,radiofrequency thermal rhizotom treatment is more stable in the prospective efficacy.

Objective To investigate the effects of tetanic stimulation of peripheral nerve on intracranial direct electrical stimulation motor-evoked potentials (MEP) in patients undergoing cerebral functional area operation. Methods Eight patients undergoing elective brain tumor resection under propofol-fentanyl anesthesia with partial neuromuscular blockade were enrolled in the study. Both conventional MEP (C-MEP) monitoring and posttetanic MEP (P-MEP) monitoring were performed throughout the operation for each patient, and the two groups of data were recorded. For one group, direct electrical stimulation with a train of five pulses was delivered to motor cortex and pyramidal tract, C-MEP was unilaterally recorded from the abductor pollicis brevis, and P-MEP was obtained 1 s after tetanic stimulation (frequency 50 Hz, intensity 50 mA, duration 5 s) to the ipsilateral tibial nerve.For the other group, direct electrical stimulation with a train of five pulses was delivered to motor cortex and pyramidal tract, C-MEP was unilaterally recorded from the tibialis anterior, and P-MEP was obtained 1 s after tetanic stimulation (frequency 50 Hz, intensity 50 mA and duration 5 s) to the contralateral tibial nerve. Randomized crossover method was used for C-MEP and P-MEP recording in each group, with an interval of 120 s. The adverse effects were observed. Results Amplitudes of P-MEP from the abductor pollicis brevis and tibialis anterior were significantly higher than those of C-MEP. Three patients had body movement during intraoperative cortex stimulation, while there was no awareness during operation and other electrical stimulation-related nervous system impairment and complications. Conclusion The application of tetanic stimulation of peripheral nerve before direct electrical stimulation can augnent the amplitudes of MEP from the abductor pollicis brevis and tibialis anterior in patients undergoing cerebral functional area operation.

Objective To compare the effect of anesthesia management between enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol and traditional protocol on stress level of thyroid surgery.Methods Sixty-two patients receiving thyroid surgery from May 2016 to August 2016, 13 males and 49 females, aged 18-65 years, of ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ, were randomly divided into group ERAS (n=29) and traditional group (group C, n=33).Each group had its own anesthesia management protocol.Operation method, operation duration, the level of pain during emergence and on the first postoperative day, the occurrence rate of complications and the satisfaction evaluation of pain and nausea and vomiting after the operation day were recorded.C-reactive protein (CRP), serum cortisol, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) before and after the operation day were evaluated.Results The visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score in group ERAS was lower than that in group C during emergence [(0.42±0.83) points vs (0.95±1.16) points]and on the first postoperative day [(1.90±1.21) points vs (2.73±1.40) points] (P<0.05).Group ERAS was more satisfied with pain relief at first day after the surgery than that of group C (P<0.05).The level of CRP in group ERAS was lower than that in group C on the operative day and the first postoperative day (P<0.05).In group C, the level of CRP on the operative day and the first postoperative day were much higher than those before the surgery (P<0.05).The occurrence rate of complications between the two groups had no statistical difference.Conclusion The perioperative ERAS anesthesia management of thyroid surgery is safe and effective in pain management, patient satisfaction and accelerated recovery.

Objective Respectively applying the treatment of biventricular pacing and right ventricular septal pacing in atrioventricular block,to compare the heart function influence of two kinds of pacing mode on pacemaker dependent patients, to provide evidence for the physiological pacing mode selection?Methods Enrolled 20 patients from January 2012 to March 2013 who should be placed in pacemakers, their primary disease was the second degree,high or third degree atrioventricular block,giving them three chamber pacemaker ( right atrial + biventricular ) each?Randomly divided into right ventricular septum pacing group ( group A, n=10) and biventricular pacing group( group B,n=10)?Twelve months later,each group crossed into the each other group and continued following?up for 12 months?After 24 months to obtain all the data to do the statistical analysis,including patients'6 min walking distance(6MWD),the Minnesota Heart Failure Quality of life score (MLHFQ),plasma N?terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide precursor(NT?proBNP),left ventricular ejection ejection fraction(LVEF),left ventricular diastolic end diastolic diameter(LVEDD),left ventricular contraction end diastolic diameter(LVESD),left ventricular twelve segmental 14W time standard deviation(Ts?12SD),left ventricular twelve segmental 14W time maximum delay(Ts?dif),the paced QRS qrsd?Results Compared with group B,the 6MWD and LVEF of 12,24 months after treatment of group A were significantly increased( ( 242?58 ±37?56) m vs?(347?42±36?59) m vs?(340?67±24?99) m;(39?97±5?84)% vs?(57?92±10?01)% vs?(60?50±10?06)%;P<0?05),QRSd and NT?proBN were significantly decreased((139?25±10?43) ms vs?(114?25±10?07) ms vs?(110?83±11?08) ms) ms;( 2 857?84±236?48) ng/L vs?( 2 144?26±301?43) ng/L vs? (2 025?91±307?42) ng/L;P<0?05)?Compared with before treatment,at 12 and 24 months after treatment,6MWD in group B was significantly increased(228?17+38?06) m,(329?33+46?28) m,(350?67+35?43) m, LVEF was significantly increased ( ( 40?25+11?24 )% vs? ( 59?50+9?14 )% vs? ( 60?17+10?29)%),QRSd significantly narrowed((142?42+10?66) ms vs?(118?58+994) ms vs?(116?25+10?59) ms) and NT proBNP levels significantly reduced((2 848?25+318?65) ng/L vs?(2 144?26+301?43) ng/L vs?( 2 025?91+30?742) ng/L) were,the difference had statistical significance ( P<0?05)?There was no significant difference on the different time between the groups ( P=0?05)?Comparisons between A and B group at the same treatment time,these indexes of detections were no statistical significance(P>0?05)?Conclusion Compared with the right septal pacing,biventricular pacing is of no significant advantages on the effect of cardiac function for patients with pacemaker dependent.

Binding Sites ; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Histones ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Humans ; Methylation ; Multiprotein Complexes ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Yeasts ; chemistry

Objeetive To observe the damage of human lens epithelial cells (LECs) induced by ultraviolet (UV) B radiation and the expression changes of glutaredoxin 2 (Grx2) in the cells,and to investigate the protective effects of Grx2 on human LECs against UVB-induced apoptosis.Methods Human LECs (HLE-B3) were cultured and exposed to different energy of UVB (0,10,30,50 mJ/cm2) with the wavelength of 297 nm.The morphology of the cells was examined under the optical microscope 2,4,8,12 and 16 hours after irradiation of UVB.The survival rate of the cells was evaluated with cell counting kit 8 (CCK8).The apoptosis rate of the cells was detected by TUNEL assay.Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot were employed to detect the expressions of Grx2 mRNA and Grx2 protein in the cells,respectively.The cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1-Grx2 plasmid by lipofectamine 2000 as the Grx2 transfected group,and pcDNA3.1 plasmid was transfected into cells as the empty plasmid group.The cells were irradiated by 50 mJ/cm2 for 4 hours,and the apoptosis rate of human LECs was detected by TUNEL assay.Results Cultured cells grew well with the green fluorescence for Grx2 expression in the non-UVB exposure group,and shrinkage and death of the cells were found after UVB irradiation.The survival rate of the cells was gradually reduced after irradiation of 10,30,50 mJ/cm2 UVB as the increase of UVB energy and lapse of time.The expression level of Grx2 mRNA were 2.53±0.48 and 3.53±0.14 in the 10 mJ/cm2 UVB group and 30 mJ/cm2 UVB group 4 hours after irradiation,which were significantly higher than 1.01±0.08 and 1.00±0.09 in the non-UVB exposure group (all at P＜0.05).The expression level of Grx2 mRNA in the cells was 15.30±3.01 at 1 hour after irradiation in the 50 mJ/cm2 UVB group,which was significantly higher than 1.00 ±0.07 in the non-UVB exposure group (P＜0.05).The expression levels of Grx2 protein showed the same tendency to Grx2 mRNA.The apoptosis rate of the cells in the Grx2 transfected group was (15.34± 1.71) ％,and that in the empty plasmid group was (22.11 ± 2.46) ％ at 4 hours after 50 mJ/cm2 UVB irradiation,with a significant difference between them (t =3.189,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions UVB irradiation induced damage of human LECs in dose-and time-dependent manner.However,the expression of Grx2 in human LECs is up-regulated transiently after exposure of UVB,which has a protective effect on the cells against the UVB-induced apoptosis.

The fatty alk(a/e)ne biosynthesis pathway found in cyanobacteria gained tremendous attention in recent years as a promising alternative approach for biofuel production. Cyanobacterial aldehyde-deformylating oxygenase (cADO), which catalyzes the conversion of Cn fatty aldehyde to its corresponding Cn-1 alk(a/e)ne, is a key enzyme in that pathway. Due to its low activity, alk(a/e)ne production by cADO is an inefficient process. Previous biochemical and structural investigations of cADO have provided some information on its catalytic reaction. However, the details of its catalytic processes remain unclear. Here we report five crystal structures of cADO from the Synechococcus elongates strain PCC7942 in both its iron-free and iron-bound forms, representing different states during its catalytic process. Structural comparisons and functional enzyme assays indicate that Glu144, one of the iron-coordinating residues, plays a vital role in the catalytic reaction of cADO. Moreover, the helix where Glu144 resides exhibits two distinct conformations that correlates with the different binding states of the di-iron center in cADO structures. Therefore, our results provide a structural explanation for the highly labile feature of cADO di-iron center, which we proposed to be related to its low enzymatic activity. On the basis of our structural and biochemical data, a possible catalytic process of cADO was proposed, which could aid the design of cADO with improved activity.
Aldehyde Oxidoreductases ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Bacterial Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Biocatalysis ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Ligands ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Sequence Alignment ; Synechococcus ; enzymology