This paper intends to explore a method which can arouse the students'interests,improve their study efficiency and develop their creativity by applying the delightful teaching mode during the pharmacology teaching in medical vocational colleges.When applying the de-lightful teaching mode,it is important for us to take advantage of different delightful materials,use various flexible teaching skills and emphasize the attractive education,and only in this way can we obtain good results.

BACKGROUND:Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) have been reported to play an important role in the occurrence and development of primary osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the association between gene polymorphisms of TGF-β1 and IL-1β and primary knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: Han and Uyghur elderly populations in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China were surveyed on the prevalence of osteoarthritis, followed by allotted to osteoarthritis and health groups according the symptoms and radiography. Genotyping TGF-β1-509C/T and -1348C/T and IL-1β-511C/T was performed to analyze the relationship between the gene polymorphisms of TGF-β1 and IL-1β and osteoarthritis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Alleles T and C with genotypes CC, CT and TT were detected in both two groups. In the Uygur population, the genotype frequency of TGF-β1-509C/T and IL-1β-511C/T showed significant difference between osteoarthritis and health groups (P < 0.05). In the Han population, the genotype frequency of TGF-β1-1348C/T showed significant difference between two groups (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the Uygur individuals carrying TT genotype of TGF-β1-509C/T and IL-1β-511C/T, and Han people carrying the TT genotype of TGF-β -1348T are more susceptible to osteoarthritis.

Objective To investigate the evolution of pancreaticoduodenectomy and its significance in different time periods. Methods The clinical data of 165 patients from 1988 to 2008 in the department of general surgery, Zhangzhou Municipal Hospital with pancreaticoduodenectomy were retrospectively analyzed.Among 165 cases, simple pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) were performed in 138 cases, pylorus preserving pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPD) were performed in 14 cases, and extended pancreaticoduodenectomy were performed in 13 cases. The methods of pancreato-enteric reconstruction in pancreaticoduodenectomy included 68 cases with binding pancreaticojejunostomy (Peng's type Ⅰ ); 61 cases with pancreaticogastrostomy; 30 cases with traditional pancreaticojejunostomy; and 6 cases with duct-to-mucous pancreaticojejunostomy.Results From 1988 to 1998 (the first 10 years), 50 patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy, including 42 cases of PD and 8 cases of PPPD, and no case of extended pancreaticoduodenectomy. The mean amount of blood loss was (620 ± 180)ml, mean amount of blood transfusion was (530 ± 120)ml, the mean operation time was (6.5 ±3.5)h. Anastomotic fistula occurred in 7 cases, the incidence of anastomotic fistula was 14.0%(7/50); and 2 cases died during perioperative period with a mortality rate of 4.0% (2/50). From 1999 to 2008 (the latter 10 years), 115 patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy, including 96 cases of PD, 6 cases of PPPD, and 13 cases of extended PD. The mean amount of blood loss was (360 ± 110)ml, mean amount of blood transfusion was (400 ± 6 ) ml, the mean operation time was ( 3.0 ± 2.5 ) h, Anastomotic fistula occurred in 4 cases with an incidence of 3.5% ( 4/115 ); and one case during perioperative period with a mortality rate of 0.61%. The postoperative follow up time was ranging from 6 months to 5 years in 109 patients, the 1, 3,5 year survival rate was 87.2%, 54.1% and 39.5%. Conclusions In the latter 10 years, the amount of blood loss, the operation time, the mortality, and the incidence of pancreatic fistula have decreased significantly compared to the first 10 years.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy andtolerability of continuous low-dose cyclophosphamide and prednisone treatment of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Methods84 relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma patients were enrolled, including 46 males and 38 females, the assess patients of 81 cases with average age of 69.7 (45-91)years. They were treated continuous with oral cyclophosphamide (50 mg/d) and prednisone (15 mg/d) and monthly follow-up.ResultsAverage follow-up time were 23.5(1-71)months.The assessed patients were 81 cases,with 52 cases (64.2 ％) responded.There were 2 cases(2.5 ％)CR,21 cases(25.9 ％) of PR,29 cases(35.8 ％)MR,19 cases(23.5 ％)NC and 10 cases (12.3 ％)PD.The median time to response was 2 months.In the patients who responded to the treatment,the median progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival (OS) were 18(95 ％CI 12.8-23.2),29(95 ％CI 24.1-33.9)months.In the non-responding patients,the PFS and OS were 4(95 ％ CI 2.2-5.8) and 6(95 ％ CI 4.9-7.1)months.Two groups were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The most common toxicities included fatigue,nausea, neutropenia, hyperglycemia and lung infection. No patient withdrew from the study because of toxicity. Conclusions Continuous low-dose cyclophosphamide combined prednisone is a treatment options for relapsed and refractory MM patients.

OBJECTIVE： To stu dy the improvement effects of Astragalus complanatus total flavonoids （TFA） on adenine-induced reproductive dysfunction model male rats and its mechanism. METHODS ：Male SD rats were divided into blank group，model group ，positive group （Wuzhi yanzong pill ，2 g/kg），TFA high-dose，medium-dose and low-dose groups （0.05， 0.1，0.2 g/kg），with 12 rats in each group. Male rats in each group were given the corresponding drugs intragastrically at 9：00 a.m. every day ，while the model of reproductive dysfunction was reproduced by intragastric administration of adenine suspension （except for blank group ）at 3：00 p.m. on the same day ，for consecutive 35 days. After medication ，male rats in each group were mated with female rats by ratio of 1∶1 in cages ；7 days later ，inducing-pregnancy rate of male rats were measured. ELISA assay was used to detect the serum levels of T ，E2，FSH，LH，GSH-Px，SOD，MDA，Scr and BUN in male rats ；the testis ， epididymis，seminal vesicle ，thymus and kidney of male rats were extracted and the organ index was calculated ；HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of testis ，epididymis and kidney ；the protein expression of Bcl- 2，Bax，Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 in the renal tissue of male rats were detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS ：Compared with blank group ，the inducing-pregnancy rate of male rats ，the testis ，epididymis，seminal vesicle gland ，thymus indexes ，the serum levels of T ，E2， SOD and GSH-Px ，the protein expression levels of Bcl- 2 in renal tissue were reduced significantly in model group （P＜0.01）；the renal index ，the serum levels of FSH ，LH，MDA，Scr and BUN ，the protein expression levels of Bax ，Caspase-3 and Caspase- 9 in renal tissue were increased significantly （P＜0.01）；the diameter of seminiferous tubules in testis became thinner ，the spacing was wider ，and the arrangement of seminiferous cells was disordered ；the wall of epididymis was thickened ，the arrangement was loose，the stroma was enlarged ，the lumen was proliferated and atrophied ，and the sperm in the lumen wass aggregated ；in renal tissue，interstitial fibers was proliferated ，and a large number of yellow crystals were seen in renal tubules. Compared with model group，the inducing-pregnancy rate，the testis ，epididymis，seminal vesicle gland ，thymus indexes ，the serum levels of T ，E2， SOD and GSH-Px ，the protein expression levels of Bcl- 2 in renal tissue of male rats were increased significantly in the positive group，TFA medium-dose and high-dose groups （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01），while the renal index ，the serum levels of FSH ，LH， MDA，Scr and BUN ，the protein expression levels of Bax ，Caspase-3 and Caspase- 9 in renal tissue were decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）；there was the same chage trend and most with significant difference in above indexes of TFA low-dose group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）；the pathalogic changes of testis ，epididymis and renal tissue were improved significantly. CONCLUSIONS：TFA can significantly improve adenine-induced reproductive dysfunction model male rats. The mechanism may be associated with reducing hormone FSH and LH level ，the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in renal tissue ，while increasing the level of hormone T and E 2 and improving oxidant stress level.

The ABRACL protein, the regulator of actin and cell motility, belongs to the HSPC280 family, and its conserved hydrophobic groove can interact with other proteins to facilitate actin motility and cellular activity. ABRACL is upregulated in tumor tissues and is closely linked with the proliferation and migration of tumor cells. A deeper understanding of the role of ABRACL in tumorigenesis and development may provide new ideas and insights for ABRACL to prevent or reverse tumor progression.

ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of yang deficiency syndrome on the progression to end-point events of diabetic kidney disease （DKD）. MethodsA retrospective study among patients with stage Ⅳ DKD admitted to Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from September 1st， 2016 to September 30th， 2021 was conducted. Data on the patients' general information， clinical indicators including duration of diabetes， duration of proteinuria， history of smoking and drinking， hemoglobin （HGB）， fasting blood glucose （FBG）， albumin （ALB）， serum creatinine （Scr）， urea nitrogen （BUN）， uric acid （UA）， cholesterol （TC） ， triglycerides （TG）， low-density lipoprotein （LDL）， 24-hour urine protein quantification （24h-UTP） and estimated glomerular filtration rate （eGFR）， and TCM syndromes including symptoms， tongue and pulse， and syndrome scores were collected. The patients were divided into exposure group （yang-deficiency group） and non-exposure group （non-yang-deficiency group）. The general information， clinical indicators and incidence rates of end-point events were compared， and the impact of yang deficiency syndrome on the end-point events of stage Ⅳ DKD was analyzed. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier method， and multivariate Cox proportional risk models were used to identify independent predictors of end-point events. ResultsA total of 160 patients with stage Ⅳ DKD were included in the study， including 43 cases of yang deficiency syndrome and 117 cases of non-yang deficiency syndrome. Compared to those in the non-yang deficiency group， the waist circumference， BUN and the incidence of end-point events in the yang deficiency group were significantly higher （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Spearman correlation analysis showed that yang deficiency syndrome was positively correlated with incidence of end-point events of stage Ⅳ DKD （r = 0.167， P = 0.035）. Furthermore， 24h-UTP and BUN levels were also positively correlated with end-point events in stage Ⅳ DKD patients （P＜0.01）， while ALB and HGB levels were negatively correlated （P＜0.01）. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that yang deficiency syndrome was associated with an increased risk of end-point events （Log Rank P = 0.011）. Moreover， 24h-UTP levels ≥3500 mg， BUN level ≥8 mmol/L， ALB level ＜30 g and HGB level ＜11 g were all associated with the increase of the risk of end-point events （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that yang deficiency syndrome was an independent risk factor for patients with stage Ⅳ DKD to progress into end-point events （HR = 2.36， 1.32 to 4.21； P = 0.004）， as well as 24h-UTP ≥ 3500 mg， BUN ≥ 8 mmol/L， HGB＜11 g and ALB＜30 g （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. ConclusionsFor stage Ⅳ DKD， patients with yang deficiency syndrome are more likely to have end-point events， which is an independent risk factor for the progression into end-point events.

Humans ; Asthma/diagnosis* ; HMGB1 Protein