OBJECTIVETo determine if locally administered bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) improved osteogenesis and new bone formation by trans-sutural distraction osteogenesis.

METHODSTwenty four dogs were divided into three groups randomly and received new internal trans-sutural distraction osteogenesis treatment. Five days after operation, infusion apparatus with double-tube was inserted to submucosa near the distracted zone to deliver controlled release agent of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2/poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/fibrin sealant (rhBMP-2/PLGA/FS) in group A and group C. Recombinant human osteoprotegerin/fibrin sealant (rhOPG/ FS) was injected three weeks later in group B and group C. Histology staining and bone histomorphometry were used to measure the changes of maxillary bone sutura after distraction for 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks.

RESULTSNew bone formation observed in distracted zone showed a significant increase in group A and C. Transmission electron microscope showed the osteoblast and osteocyte were active with dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum and a large number of chondriosomes and Golgi complex. After distraction for 6 weeks, indexes of osteoblast of group A, B, and C were 38.5 +/- 7.7, 35.7 +/- 6.5, and 41.7 +/- 11.0, indexes of osteoclast (Ioc) were 5.9 +/- 1.0, 1.2 +/- 0.3, and 2.8 +/- 0.4, bone trabecula thicknesses were (38.36 +/- 13.28), (66.20 +/- 9.16), and (51.85 +/- 9.92) microm respectively. Increased bone density and decreased Ioc were found in group B and C.

CONCLUSIONThe new elastic distractor is effective in inducing new bone formation. BMP-2 and OPG combination acts synergistically, and leads to significant enhancement of bone formation and remodeling.

Animals ; Bone Density ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ; Dogs ; Humans ; Lactic Acid ; Maxilla ; Osteoblasts ; Osteogenesis ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; Osteoprotegerin ; Polyesters ; Polyglycolic Acid ; Polymers ; Recombinant Proteins ; Transforming Growth Factor beta

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To investigate the children's medication information in β-lactam antibiotics's in children's hospitals in multiple regions, and to provide reference for further improving the drug information in the instructions of β lactam antibiotics. METHODS Collecting 847 drug instructions of β-lactam antibiotics in twenty children's hospitals in China, medication information labeling in drug instructions on children was investigated and analyzed. RESULTS After excluding duplicates, a total of 396 antibacterial drug inserts were obtained, involving 62 varieties, including 12 penicillins(59 copies), 27 cephalosporins(201 copies), etc. But there was two antibacterial drug for children only and up to 376 drugs for children and adults. In all drugs, there were 284 injections(71.72%) and 112 oral preparations(28.28%), among which the most suitable dosage forms for children were dry suspension(24.11%), granules(23.21%) and chewable tablets(4.46%). The annotation rates of children's indication, children's usage and dosage, children's drug guidance, pharmacokinetics in children, children's adverse reactions(396 categories) were respectively 27.78%, 93.69%, 64.65%, 39.14%, 20.96%, respectively. In oral dosage forms, the labeling rate of children's indications was 32.14%, the labeling rate of children's usage and dosage was 95.53%, the labeling rate of medication items for children was 58.93%, among them there were significant differences in the precautions and adverse reaction labeling rates between oral preparation and injections(P<0.05). There was not much difference in the labeling of pediatric medication information between domestic drugs and foreign-related drugs, but there was significant difference in the information labeling of precautions(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the labeling rate of children's medication information among the seven regional children's hospitals. CONCLUSION There are few pediatric-specific β-lactam antibiotics, and the labeling information for pediatric use in their respective instructions is often incomplete and insufficient to provide meaningful guidance. Relevant departments should pay attention to the incomplete mark of drug use for children, improve the medication information of children in the instructions, and ensure the safety of pediatric drug use.

BACKGROUNDA variety of inflammatory mediators and effector cells participate together in acute lung injury, and lead to secondary injury that is due to an inflammatory cascade and secondary diffuse lung parenchyma injury. Inflammation is associated with an oxidative stress reaction, which is produced in the development of airway inflammation, and which has positive feedback on inflammation itself. Resolvin D1 can reduce the infiltration of neutrophils, regulate cytokine levels and reduce the inflammation reaction, and thereby promote the resolution of inflammation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of resolvin D1 on an inflammatory response and oxidative stress during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury.

METHODSLPS (3 mg/kg) was used to induce the acute lung injury model. Pretreatment resolvin D1 (100 ng/mouse) was given to mice 30 minutes before inducing acute lung injury. Mice were observed at 6 hours, 12 hours, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days and 7 days after LPS was administrated, then they were humanely sacrificed. We collected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and the lung tissues for further analysis. Paraffin section and HE staining of the lung tissues were made for histopathology observations. Parts of the lung tissues were evaluated for wet-to-dry (W/D) weight ratio. tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, inter leukin (IL)-1β, IL-10 and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde (MDA) assay kit was used to detect MDA. A total superoxide dismutase assay kit with WST-1 was used to analyze superoxide dismutase (SOD). We determined the apoptosis of neutrophils by Flow Cytometry. A real-time quantitative PCR Detecting System detected the expression of mRNA for heme oxygenase (HO)-1.

RESULTSPretreatment with resolvin D1 reduced the pathological damage in the lung, decreased the recruitment of neutrophils and stimulated their apoptosis. It markedly decreased the expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β and increased the expressions of IL-10, and decreased the production of MDA and increased the expressions of SOD. The mRNA expression of HO-1 was also significantly increased.

CONCLUSIONSResolvin D1 displays potent anti-inflammatory actions by regulating cytokines, inhibiting aberrant neutrophil recruitment and stimulating apoptosis of neutrophils. Resolvin D1 can also relieve the injury due to oxidative stress. The mechanisms might be related to increase HO-1 expression.

Acute Lung Injury ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Animals ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; immunology ; Docosahexaenoic Acids ; therapeutic use ; Interleukin-10 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-1beta ; metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides ; toxicity ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

Six new ent-abietane diterpenoids, abientaphlogatones A-F (1-6), along with two undescribed ent-abietane diterpenoid glucosides, abientaphlogasides A-B (7-8) and four known analogs were isolated from the aerial parts ofPhlogacanthus curviflorus (P. curviflorus). The structures of these compounds were determined using high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS), one-dimensional and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra, and quantum chemical calculations. Notably, compounds 5 and 6 represented the first reported instances of ent-norabietane diterpenoids from the genus Phlogacanthus. In the β-hematin formation inhibition assay, compounds 2, 4, 7-10, and 12 displayed antimalarial activity, with IC₅₀ values of 12.97-65.01 μmol·L^-1. Furthermore, compounds 4, 5, 8, and 10 demonstrated neuroprotective activity in PC12 cell injury models induced by H₂O₂ and MPP⁺.
Abietanes/pharmacology* ; Antimalarials ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Biological Assay ; Plant Components, Aerial