Cancer of digestive system is one of the most common worldwidely cancers and seriously threats to human health. However its etiology and pathogenesis are still not clear. Toll-like receptor (TLR), a newly discovered transmembrane receptor, plays an important role in innate immunity. Recent researches suggested that TLRs had extensive relationship with inflammation, autoimmune diseases and cancer. A large number of researches indicated that TLRs not only participated in the occurrence, development and immune escape of cancer, but also acted in immunotherapy in digestive system. Further investigation of TLRs may re-veal the effects of TLRs in the development of malignant tumors of digestive system, moreover may find new therputic target for the treatment of cancers. We reviewed the relationship between TLRs and cancers of di-gestive system.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of total hip arthroplasty through a small anterolateral incision. Methods Total hip arthroplasty through a small anterolateral incision was performed in 53 cases (58 hip joints) from February 2003 to December 2003, including 5 cases of simultaneous replacement of bilateral joints, 6 cases of total hip revision, and 4 cases of hip joint rigidity. The surgical modification features were as follows: the patient was placed in recumbent position, with the involved buttock region slightly hanging over the side of the surgical bed and normally drooping; the involved leg was placed in 10? of adduction, which was helpful to the exposure of the greater trochanter; after the exposure of the neck of the femur and the greater trochanter, osteotomy was performed firstly, then the femoral head was dislocated and removed. Results The length of incision was 7~12 cm (mean, 8.5 cm). The operation time was 70~140 min (mean, 88 min). The blood loss was 250~660 ml (mean, 470 ml). No severe complications occurred. Postoperatively, weight-bearing and mobilization exercise were begun in 6~14 days. All the cases were followed for 4~40 weeks (mean, 28 weeks). The Harris hip scores showed excellent outcomes in 37 cases, good in 12, fair in 4, with a rate of excellent or good results of 92.5% (49/53). Conclusions Total hip arthroplasty through a small anterolateral incision is a feasible procedure that is characterized with minimal invasion, less blood loss and quick recovery. It can be applied in total hip replacement for artificial hip joint revision, hip joint rigidity, or congenital dislocation of hip joint.

Objective To optimize the transfecfion parameters for transfecting small interfering RNA (siR-NA) to endothelium of mouse angioma (EOMA) cells mediated by lentiviral vector. Methods According to Poly-brene existing or not(8 μg/ml), series of multiplicity of infection (MOI) (1, 5, 10, 15, 20)and the time of infec-tion(4, 6, 12,24 h), EOMA cells were divided into 40 groups. 140 hours after transfection, cells were counted un-der fluorescent microscope to determine the percentage of the cells transfected under each condition. The cell viability was calculated by using Typan Blue. Results The percentage of positive cells was as high as 83% in the group with Polybrene (8 μg/ml), MOI(5) and the time of tranfectian (6 h), and the livability of EOMA in this group was 96%. After that, the transfection efficiency was not increased with the increasing of MOI, the time of transfection, but the mortality of EOMA was increased markedly. Conclusion The transfection efficiency and cell viability are dependent on the Polybrene(8 μg/ml),correct MOI (5)and the time of transfection (6 h).

Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined hepatectomy and splenectomy in hepatocellular carcinoma complicated with hepatic cirrhosis and hypersplenism.Methods Medline (1966-August 2009), Embase (1974-August 2009), Cochrane Library, CBMdisc (1978-August 2009), and Wanfang Database were searched without language limitation. All relevant studies were screened and the data were extracted by two independent reviewers, and the methodological qualities of the included studies were evaluated by the Minors scale. The data were analyzed with the RevMan5 software. Results Five non-randomized comparative studies (NRCs) involving 476 patients (232 in HS group, 244 in control group) were enrolled into the analysis. There was no significant difference in the operative mortalities (OR=0. 57, 95%CI 0. 12-2. 66, P=0. 47) and postoperative morbidities (OR= 0. 93, 95 % CI 0.59- 1.46, P = 0.75) between the two groups. Compared with hepatectomy only, CD4+ T cell (WMD=7.90, 95%CI 7.01-8.79, P＜0.01), CD4+ T cell/CD8+ T cell ratio (WMD=0. 75, 95%CI 0. 70-0.80, P＜0.01), white blood cell count (WMD=5.47, 95%CI 5.13-5.82, P＜0.01) and platelet count (WMD=174.89, 95%CI 116.61-233.18,P＜0.01) were significantly higher, but CD8+ T cell (WMD = - 7.66, 95%CI - 8. 53～ - 6. 79,P＜0. 01) was lower compared with combined hepatectomy and splenectomy. There was no significant difference in the 5-year survival rates (OR= 1.37, 95%CI 0.86-2.18, P=0. 18). Conclusion Combined hepatectomy and splenectomy did not increase the operative mortalities and postoperative morbidities in hepatocellular carcinoma complicated with hepatic cirrhosis and hypersplenism. The white blood cell and platelet counts markedly increased after surgery. There was no evidence to show any improvement in the 5-year survival.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of inhibiting Galα (1,3)-Gal expression in mouse vascular endothelial cells by lentivirus-mediated RNAi.Methods The shRNA specified to α1,3-GT mRNA was designed and synthesized in vitro and cloned into the lentivirus vector.EOMA cells were infected by recombinant lentivirus.Real-time RT-PCR was used to detect mRNA transcriptional levels of αl,3-GT as well as immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were applied to detect Galα(1,3)-Gal antigen level after gene transfection.Co-culture of infected EOMA and serum of human was done and the survival rate was measured by MTT.Results The αl,3-GT shRNA sequences were cloned into the recombinant lentivirus vector correctly and the lentivirus was produced successfully.The transfection efficiency to EOMA was 75 %.Real-time PCR revealed that the mRNA transcription of α1,3-GT was obviously inhibited by α1,3-GT shRNA recombinant lentivirus with the rate of 88 % (P＜0.05),while there were no obvious differences among control group,no shRNA lentivirus group and negative-shRNA lentivirus group (P＞ 0.05).Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry demonstrated the same results that Galα(1,3)-Gal antigen expression in EOMA transfected by α1,3-GT shRNA lentivirus was less than that of control group,no shRNA lentivirus group and negative-shRNA lentivirus group (P＜0.05),but there were no obvious differences among the later three groups (P＞0.05).After co-culture with serum of human,MTT showed the survival rate of EOMA infected by α1,3-GT shRNA lentivirus was obviously increased (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion Recombinant α2,3-GT shRNA 1entivirus is constructed successfully,which can inhibit the expression of α1,3-GT and Galα1,3-Gal in EOMA by RNAi and control hyperacute rejection in vitro.

Objective: To analyze the prevalence and trend of screening myopia among primary and middle school students in Linfen Community of Shanghai from 2019 to 2023, so as to provide a reference for the prevention and control of myopia from the perspective of the community. Methods: From 2019 to 2023, all primary(5) and middle(2) school students aged 6-15 years in Linfen Community of Shanghai were screened. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi square test and trend Chi square test. The curve fitting model was used to fit the model of the increase rate of screening myopia among primary and middle school students in 2019, 2021 and 2023. Results: The overall rate of screening myopia among primary and middle school students in Linfen community from 2019 to 2023 was 55.17%. The prevalence rate of screening myopia was 79.43% in boys and 81.92% in girls in middle school, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ 2=5.71, P =0.02). In 2019, 2021, and 2023, the peak age of screening myopia among primary and middle school students in Linfen Community gradually occurred earlier, at the age of 7(12.13%), 6( 12.28 %), and 6(14.99%) years old, respectively. The growth rate of screening myopia in students aged 8-12 years in 2023 was lower than that in 2019 and 2021. Conclusions The screening myopia rate of primary and middle school students aged 6-15 years in Linfen Community is relatively high, with primary school girls higher than boys, and growth spurt accelerates. It is suggested that prevention and control of myopia in the community should focus on preschool children and adolescent girls.

Objective :To analyze correlation among fasting (FBL) and postprandial blood lipids (PBL) ,blood lipid fluctuation (absolute value of PBL‐FBL) and severity of coronary artery disease .Methods :Cross‐sectional study was performed among 264 patients undergoing coronary angiography (CAG) in our hospital .According to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or not based on CAG results ,patients were divided into plaque group (n＝128) and PCI group (n＝136).Gensini score was used to assess severity of coronary artery disease .Blood lipid levels and its fluctu‐ation were compared between two groups .Correlation among blood lipid levels ,blood lipid fluctuation and severity of coronary artery disease were analyzed .Results :Compared with plaque group ,there were significant rise in per‐centages of men and smokers ,waist circumference ,levels of postprandial‐fasting (P‐F ) serum LDL‐C (ΔLDL‐C ) and P‐F plasma apolipoprotein B (ΔApoB ) , and significant reduction in plasma level of P‐F apolipoprotein A1 (ΔApoA1) in PCI group , P＜0. 05 or ＜ 0. 01. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that serum fasting and post‐prandial HDL‐C levels ,plasma fasting and postprandial levels of ApoA1 and ΔApoA1 were significant inversely cor‐related with Gensini score ( r＝ －0. 130～ －0.218 , P＜0. 05 or ＜0. 01) ,and levels of plasma fasting lipoprotein a (Lp (a)) ,serum fasting and postprandial levels of free fatty acid (FFA) ,serum P‐F FFA (Δ FFA) were significant positively correlated with Gensini score ( r＝0. 139－0. 176 , P＜0.05 or ＜0.01).Multifactor linear regression anal‐ysis indicated that postprandial serum HDL‐C was protective factor for Gensini score (B＝ －22.274 , P＝0.002 ) , while postprandial serum FFA ,Δ FFA ,waist circumference and hyperlipidemia history were its influencing factors (B＝0. 388～24. 135 , P＜0. 05 or ＜0.01).Conclusion :Measurements of fasting and postprandial blood lipid levels and their fluctuation contribute to more comprehensively and objectively assessing blood lipid levels and severity of coronary disease in patients with coronary artery disease .

OBJECTIVE Parkinson's disease(PD)is a progressive neurodegenerative disease clinically char-acterized by dyskinesia,tremor,rigidity,abnormal gait,whereas 90%of patients with PD suffer from defects of the sense of smell before the appearance of the motor dysfunctions.However,the mechanism of olfactory disor-der is still not clear.METHODS We utilized olfaction based delayed paired association task in head-fixed mice.We focused on functional role of neural circuit using opto-genetic techniques.In addition,we viewed the synaptic transmission by slice physiological recording and count-ed the cell number of targeted circuits.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION In our experiments,olfactory working memory impairments were found in the PD mice,and the working memory impairment appeared before motor dys-functions.Furthermore,we also investigated the functional role of neural circuit for olfactory working memory in PD mice.Meanwhile,the excitatory post synaptic currents were decreased as a result of presynaptic release proba-bility suppression in PD mice.However cell loss wasn't found in working memory related circuit recently.These will provide a new idea of clinic diagnosis for PD.

Objective:To investigate the application value of electroencephalogram (EEG) combined with regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO 2) in monitoring cerebral perfusion during carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Methods:A retrospective analysis of clinical data of 42 patients with atherosclerotic carotid artery stenosis admitted to and accepted CEA in our hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 was performed. CEA was performed under EEG combined with rSO 2 monitoring. The efficacy and safety of EEG combined with rSO 2 in monitoring cerebral perfusion abnormalities during CEA were analyzed. Results:After carotid artery occlusion, 24 patients (57.1%) had normal EEG and rSO 2; 15 (35.7%) had abnormal changes of EEG, among whom 13 (31.0%) were accompanied by rSO 2 anomaly; 16 (38.1%) had abnormal rSO 2, among whom 13 (31.0%) were accompanied by EEG anomaly. Of these 18 patients with abnormal EEG and/or rSO 2 monitoring, 17 patients recovered after increasing their blood pressure and 1 patient recovered after diverter tube usage. Intraoperative EEG and rSO 2 monitoring results were consistent (Kappa=0.745, P=0.000). The positive rates of combined monitoring, EEG alone or rSO 2 alone were 42.9%, 35.7% and 38.1%, respectively. All patients were evaluated clinically and radiologically before discharge, and no new ischemic lesions or clinical symptoms were found. Conclusions:EEG and rSO 2 monitoring are well consistent in CEA; the combined monitoring can make up for the deficiency of single monitoring to increase surgical safety.