AIM: To investigate the therapeutic effect and its mechanisms of musk eye drops on allergic conjunctivitis (AC) in guinea pigs.METHODS: AC was developed by intraperitoneal injection of a mixture containing Ovalbumin (OVA) and Al(OH)3 in guinea pig.Sixty guinea pigs with AC were randomly divided into 6 groups,i.e.,AC model group,three treated groups treated with musk eye drops in high,middle and low dosage,group treated with dexamethasone sodium phosphate eye drops.Together with solvent group as sixth group.After one week of administration,the changes of guinea pigs in symptoms,histamine and OVA-specific IgE concentration of ocular tissues,and morphological features of conjunctiva were observed under light microscopy.RESULTS: Compared with the vehicle group,the conjunctiva symptoms scale,histamine and OVA-specific IgE concentration of ocular tissues and morphological changes scale of conjunctiva of guinea pigs in the model group were fairly good.Compared with the model group,the ocular symptoms of guinea pigs in each of the musk eye drops treated groups showed relieved (P

Objective To investigate the protective effect of IL-37 on hepatocyte injury against hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) by promoting polarization of M2-type macrophages and its molecular mechanisms.Methods Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were used to detect the levels of IL-37 mRNA and protein in human monocyte-macrophage THP-1 cells with different polarizations.The lentivirus with IL-37 gene was infected into THP-1 cells.The levels of CD206,CD86,ARG1 and iNOS mRNA was detected by qRT-PCR.The levels of CD163 and CD86 protein was detected by flow cytometric analysis.THP-1 cells and L02 cells were co-cultured by Transwell and treated with H/R.The survival rate and apoptotic rate of L02 cells were detected.The levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in culture medium were measured.The levels of STAT6 and its phosphorylation in THP-1 cells were detected by Western blot.Results The levels of IL-37 mRNA and protein were up-regulated in M2-type macrophages.IL-37 promoted the polarization of M2-type macropahges.M2-type macrophages induced by IL-37 were cocultured with L02 cells,the survival rate was significantly increased by H/R treatment (P =0.015),while the apoptotic rate,ALT level and AST level were significantly decreased (P＜0.001).The level of phosphorylated STAT6 in THP-1 cells overexpressing IL-37 was up-regulated (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions IL-37 can induce polarization of M2-type macrophages and protect hepatocyte injury against H/R.Its mechanism may be related to STAT6 signal pathways.

AIM: To study intra-ocular distribution and pharmacokinetics of musk eye drops in the rabbit eyes.METHODS: After administration,twenty seven rabbits were euthanatized and taken eye in 0.083 h,0.167 h,0.5 h,1 h,2.0 h,4.0 h,8.0 h and 12 h,and then isolated aqueous humor,vitreous body,further cornea and ciliary margin of iris from rabbits’eyes.The intraocular concentrations of muscone were measured by GC after topical instillation with 10% musk solution in rabbits.The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with 3p97 program.RESULTS: Results showed that the peak concentrations(max) of muscone in various ocular tissues were (107.52 ?67.07),(2.15 ?1.49),(0.034 ?0.007 6),(2.87 ?1.50) and(0.013 ?0.004 5)?g/g or ?g/mLin lacrimal fluid,cornea,aqueous humor,iris and vitreous body;Its half-Life(T1/2) was(8.08 ? 3.08),(2.87? 2.24),(3.37 ? 0.68),(4.69 ? 1.32) and(8.37 ? 2.70) h,respectively.AUC(0→T) of various tissues was (114.57 ?37.41),(11.57 ?7.16),(0.18 ?0.056),(2.86 ?0.42) and(0.079 ?0.017)?g/(h.g) or(?g/h.mL),respectively.CONCLUSION: The results indicate that musk in eye drop has a good permeability and high concentration in various intraocular tissues of rabbit after ocular instillation.