Objective Ketamine has been shown to suppress pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-? and IL-6. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ketamine on myocardial NF-?B expression and serum IL-6 level in a rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) .Methods Twenty-four healthy male SD rats aged 4-8 months weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into four groups with 6 animals in each group : (A)control group; (B) I/R group; (C) ketamine 5 mg? kg-1 +I/R(I/R+K1) and (D) ketamine 10mg?kg-1 + I/R (I/R + K2) . The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 10% chloral hydrate 40 mg?kg-1. Chest was opened and heart exposed. Left coronary artery was temporarily occluded at 1 mm inferior to left auricle for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion. Myocardial ischemia was confirmed by decoloration of apex and elevation of S-T segment. In control group (A) heart was exposed but left coronary artery was not occluded. In group C and D ketamine 5 mg?kg-1 or 10mg?kg-1 was given i.v. during ischemia. The animals were sacrificed at the end of 120 min reperfusion. A piece of myocardium (0.1 g) was obtained from apex for determination of myocardial NF-?B expression (Western-blot) . Blood samples were taken at 30 min and 120 min of reperfusion for determination of serum IL-6 level (ELISA) .Results The serum IL-6 level at 30 min and 120 min of reperfusion and myocardial NF-?B expression were significantly increased in I/R group (B) compared with those in control group ( P

BACKGROUND:Bone mesenchymal stem cells have immunological regulation function both in vitro and in vivo, while the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on CD4+T cellimmune function in patients receiving kidney transplantation remains unclear. OBJECTIVE:To explore the monitoring significance of CD4+T-cellimmune function by ImmuKnow assay and to determine the effect of induction therapy with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on cellimmune function in patients receiving kidney transplantation. METHODS:From January 2011 to June 2013, 24 patients receiving al ograft renal transplantation with autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were included and another 48 patients receiving al ograft renal transplantation and Simulect induction therapy with various matched preoperative characters served as controls. In both groups, adenosine triphosphate levels in CD4+T cells in the peripheral blood were determined by the ImmuKnow assay preoperatively and at 14, 30, 60, 90, 180 days postoperatively, as wel as during acute rejection and infection episodes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:During the 180 days postoperatively, fewer patients in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cellgroup had acute rejection and injection than the Simulect group, but no significant differences were observed. Postoperative adenosine triphosphate levels in CD4+T cells were significantly lower than those determined preoperatively in both groups (P<0.05), while no significant differences were observed between the two groups. A total of 12 patients in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cellgroup and 26 patients in the Simulect group had infection episodes, and the adenosine triphosphate levels in CD4+T cells during the infection episodes were lower than clinical stable patients in both groups (P<0.01). For patients receiving renal transplantation, induction therapy with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can effectively decrease the cellimmune function, which can be reflected by the adenosine triphosphate levels in CD4+T cells in the peripheral blood determined by the ImmuKnow assay.

We produced and identified the monoclonal antibodies against Brucella melitensis U‐lipoprotein OMP19 .A DNA fragment coding omp19 of Brucella melitensis was amplified by PCR ,and inserted into the vector of pET‐30a(+ ) ,the result‐ant recombinant plasmid ,which we designated as pET‐30a(+ )/omp19 .We then transformed the plasmid into BL21(DE3) competent cells for the expression of the OMP19 protein .After induction with different concentrations of IPTG ,the colleted cells were analyzed by SDS‐PAGE ,and then OMP19 monoclonal antibodies were prepared through hybridoma technology . These mAbs were tested to reactivity to rOMP19 and nature membrance proteins (NMP) of Brucella melitensis by Western blot and IEST .We successfully constructed an expression vector of pET 30a(+ )/omp19 .An IPTG‐induced expression of the OMP19 protein (19 kDa in molecular weight) was demonstrated by SDS‐PAGE .The fusion protein existed in the form of solu‐ble ,and the OMP19 protein of high purity could be obtained by Ni‐NTA .Western blot assay showed that the refolded protein could be recognized by the anti‐serum against Brucella melitensis .Twenty‐three mAbs to OMP19 was produced in which 91 .30% were IgG1 ,twenty‐two (95 .65% ) mAbs could recognize nature OMP19 protein ,and eighteen (78 .26% ) mAbs could recognize NMP ,four mAbs could react with Brucella melitensis .The protein maintained good immunogenicity and twenty‐three mAbs were obtained ,which we believe provides a good protein candidate for the immunological research .

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of submucosa dilation assisted laser resection of bladder tumor for the treatment of solitary non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. MethodsA total of 12 patients with solitary non-muscle invasive bladder tumor were treated with the procedure of submucosa dilation assisted laser resection under total intravenous anesthesia or epidural anesthesia.lntravesical instillation chemotherapy was performed according to CUA 2007 guidelines.Patients were followed up for 4 - 36 months after the operation. ResultsThe diameter range of the tumors was 0.5 - 2.3 cm with the clinical stage Ta - T1 and low pathology grade.Submucosa dilation assisted laser resection of bladder tumor was successfully performed on all patients.The average operation time was 25 min (range,20 -45 min ),and the catheter time was 3 d ( range,1 -4 d).The mean volume of bleeding was less than 5 ml,no patient required blood transfusion.No complications such as obturator nerve reflex,bladder perforation and over-hydration occurred.No recurrence occurred during the follow-up. ConclusionsSubmucosa dilation assisted laser resection of bladder tumor could be an effective,safe,and excellent alternative procedure for the treatment of solitary non-muscle invasive bladder cancer,with few complications and a low recurrence rate.More studies and long-term follow-up should be warranted to ultimately evaluate this procedure.

Objective To innovate and improve the feasibility of flexible ultrasonic cystoscopy (FUCS) in the diagnosis and treatment for urinary tract diseases in vivo by using female pigs as animal model.Methods Endobronchial ultrasonography was took as a substitute for FUCS and the operating skills and experience of FUCS in vivo by using female pigs as animal model were summarized,in order to testify the efficacy and safety of needle biopsy guided by FUCS.Results FUCS could simultaneously display the endoscopic images and ultrasonic images.Ninety ml was suitable in pig bladder for FUCS when the layers of bladder wall were clear.The mucosa,submucosa,muscularis and serosa layers were legible,which contributed to the needle positioning biopsy.Doppler ultrasound mode could distinguish the vessels,which could guide the puncture and avoid accidental injury of blood vessels and surrounding organs.Pathological results of positioning biopsy were consistent with FUCS evaluation for the three major layers of bladder wall.Conclusion Studies in vivo show that application of FUCS in the diagnosis and treatment for bladder disease is feasible,and further improvement of the FUCS equipment and clinical practice should be made.

Objective To evaluate the effect of oxycodone on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaecharide (LPS) in rats. Methods Thirty-six pathogen-free healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 250-300 g, were divided into 3 groups (n= 12 each) using a random number table: sham opera-tion group (group S), LPS-induced ALI group (group A) and oxycodone group (group O). ALI was in-duced by injecting LPS 8 mg∕kg intravenously in A and O groups, while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in group S. Oxycodone 2 mg∕kg was injected intravenously at 10 min before LPS injection in group O, while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in S and A groups. Rats were sacri-ficed at 6 h after LPS injection, and the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for detection of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) concentrations by enzyme-linked im-munosorbent assay. Pulmonary specimens were obtained for microscopic examination of the pathological changes and for determination of wet∕dry weight ratio (W∕D ratio) and expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in lung tissues (using real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot). Results Compared with group S, the TNF-α and IL-1β concentrations in BALF, W∕D ratio, pathological scores and expres-sion of TLR4 were significantly increased at 6 h after LPS injection in A and O groups (P<0. 05). Com-pared with group A, the TNF-α and IL-1β concentrations in BALF, W∕D ratio, pathological scores and expression of TLR4 were significantly decreased at 6 h after LPS injection in group O (P<0. 05). Conclu-sion Oxycodone can attenuate LPS-induced ALI in lung tissues, and the mechanism is related to down-regulating the expression of TLR4 and inhibiting inflammatory responses of rats.

Objective To explore the differential diagnosis of breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)and breast ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion (DCIS-Mi)by ADCMin ,ADCDR and DCE-MRI,and to analyze the correlation between DCIS-Mi and biological factors. Methods Preoperative breast MRI examinations were performed in 41 patients with DCIS-Mi and 3 7 patients with DCIS.DCIS-Mi and DCIS patients were compared in terms of ADCMin ,ADCMax ,ADCDR ,early enhancement rate (EER)and the morphological characteristics of DCE-MRI.The optimal diagnostic variables were determined by binary Logistic regression,the threshold value of the optimal diagnostic variables was ensured by ROC,and the correlation between DCIS-Mi and biological factors was analyzed by Spearman.Results ADCMin of DCIS-Mi patients was lower than that of DCIS (t＝6.294,P＝0.033),and ADCDR was higher than that of DCIS (t＝9.246,P＝0.020).70.7 3% DCIS-Mi showed non-tumor-like enhancement,inclined to segmental distribution,and internal heterogeneous or cluster ring enhancement;29.27% manifested tumor-like enhancement,internal heterogeneous or ring enhancement,and unclear margin.64.86% DCIS showed non-tumor-like enhancement,inclined to linear distribution,internal homogeneous/heterogeneous enhancement;35.14% expressed tumor-like enhancement,internal homogeneous enhancement,and clear margin.The accuracy,sensitivity and specificity of ADCMin , ADCDR ,tumor or non-tumor internal enhancement features in the diagnosis of DCIS-Mi were higher (84.0%,9 5.3%,9 2.4%;89.3%, 9 5.3%,9 2.4%;85.1%,9 2.5%,9 3.8%;87.4%,9 6.8%,84.7%, respectively).ADCMin and ADCDR threshold value were 1.1 1× 10－3 mm2/s and 0.35×10－3 mm2/s,respectively.ADCMin of patients with DCIS-Mi was positive correlation with ER(－)and PR(－), and negative correlation with HER-2(+)(P＜0.05).ADCDR ,non-tumor distribution,and non-tumor internal enhancement characteristics,the tumor edge and internal enhancement characteristics were negative correlation with ER(－)and PR(－),and positive correlation with HER-2 (+)(P＜0.05).Conclusion ADCMin ,ADCDR and DCE-MRI can be used for the differential diagnosis of DCIS-Mi and DCIS, and provided evidence for clinical treatment plan.

Objective: To analyze the bone mineral density and serum osteocalcin levels in postmenopausal women with idiopathic benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Methods: A total of 64 postmenopausal women with idiopathic BPPV were selected as the study group, and 98 postmenopausal healthy women were selected as the control group. Bone mineral density and serum osteocalcin levels were analyzed and compared between the groups.χ² test was used for numeration data and t test was used for measurement data. Results: The prevalence of osteoporosis or osteopenia in BPPV group 67.2% (43/64) was significantly higher than that in the control group 51.0% (50/98) (χ²=4.139, P=0.042). Among BPPV subjects, there was a negative correlation between osteocalcin and bone density T (r=-0.469, P<0.001). Osteocalcin was found in normal bone mass subgroup (13.61±4.32)μg/L, decreased bone mass subgroup (17.49±7.61)μg/L, and osteoporosis subgroup (20.83±6.72)μg/L, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (F=5.39, P=0.007). Conclusions Bone mineral density in BPPV group is lower than that in control group. The lower the bone mineral density of the patients, the higher the osteocalcin in BPPV group.

Malignant tumors in the head and neck seriously threaten the physical and mental health of patients. After treatment, they may cause many complications, such as facial deformity, difficulties with chewing, dysphagia and asaphia. Among them, trismus (restricted mouth opening) is one of the most common complications after treatment of malignant oral-maxillofacial tumors. In severe cases, patients may even suffer from trismus and eating difficulties, finally leading to malnutrition and even cachexia. Therefore, it not only affects the quality of life of patients and even endangers their lives but also brings heavy social and economic burdens. How to effectively prevent and treat posttreatment trismus is a clinical problem that is easily ignored by head and neck surgeons and urgently needs to be solved. The results of a literature review showed that trismus may be related to the tumor clinical stage, tumor site, treatment used, radiotherapy site, radiotherapy dose, radiotherapy type, and other factors. The incidence of trismus tends to be significant 6 months after treatment. Without early intervention, the resulting dysfunction may become more severe. Current studies have shown that the prevention and treatment of restricted mouth opening is based on controlling the progress of restricted mouth opening and restoring function. Exercise intervention for trismus can significantly improve the restricted mouth opening of patients with malignant head and neck tumors after treatment.