Objective To investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygenation(HBO)therapy on serum cytokines and depression in post-stroke depression(PSD)and to study it's clinical implications.Methods Sixty patients with PSD were divided into two groups.Patients in routine treatment group(RT group)were treated with routine clinical treatment,whereas those in HBO group were treated with HBO therapy in addition to routine clinical treatment.The serum cytokines of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)before and after 30 days of treatment.All the patients were evaluated with Hamilton depression scale(HAMD),Chinese stroke scale(CSS)and Barthel index(BI).The evaluations were carried out at the 0 and 30 d.Results Before treatment,the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β in patients with PSD were significantly higher than those in patients with cerebral infarction without depression(P＜0.01),and the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in those with serious depression were higher than those with moderate and mild depression(P＜0.01),and that in moderate depression patients were higher than that in mild depression patients{P＜0.01).At the 30th d post-treatment,those parameters all decreased significantly in RT group and HBO group(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).Moreover,those parameters were lower in HBO group than those in RT group(P＜0.01),and HAMD,CSS and BI scores in HBO group were significantly better than that in RT group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusions Serum cytokines levels increased significantly in patients with PSD and were associated with the severity of depression.Serum cytokines might played an important role in pathogenesis of PSD.HBO therapy could help decrease the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β.HBO might exert therapeutic effect by reducing secondary the inflammatory injury in acute cerebral infarction.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the education level of staff members and the risk factors for stroke in a university in China.Methods From January 2014 to May 2014,a total of 659 staff members in a university in China were collected with a cluster sampling method.The basic information and the relevant data of the risk factors for stroke of the subjects were collected and recorded completely.The subjects were divided into 3 groups according to their education levels from low to high.The relationship between their education levels and the risk factors for stroke were analyzed.Results A total of 633 staff members were enrolled,including 426 men (67.3％) and 207 women (32.7％).The low,middle and high education level groups were 188 (29.7％),193 (30.5％),and 252 (39.8％),respectively.With the increase of the education level,the prevalence of hypertension,dyslipidemia,and stroke decreased,and the awareness rates of hypertension and dyslipidemia and the treatment rate increased.The proportion of drink-ing increased in the male group and that decreased in the female group.The proportion of regular exercise increased in the female group.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for age,per capita income,employment,drinking,smoking,regular exercise and other factors,compared with the high education level group,the risk of hypertension increased 2.55 times in the low education level group in males (odds ratio [OR] 2.55,95％ confidence interval [CI] 1.42-4.58;P =0.002);the prevalence risk of dyslipidemia increased 2.25 (OR 2.25,95％ CI 1.31-3.86;P =0.003) and 2.02 times in the low and middle education level groups (OR 2.02,95％ CI 1.23-3.33;P =0.006) respectively;the risk of smoking decreased 42％ in the middle education level group (OR 0.58,95％ CI 0.36-0.93;P =0.024);the risk of hypertension increased 6.27 times in the low level education group in women (OR 6.27,95％ CI 1.59-24.74;P =0.009);the risk of dyslipidemia increased 3.91 times in the middle education level group (OR 3.91,95％ CI 1.70-8.98;P =0.001);the risk of drinking increased 3.49 times in the low level education group (OR 3.49,95％ CI 1.12-10.92;P =0.032),and the weekly regular exercise decreased 65％ in the low level education group (OR0.35,95％ CI0.15-0.82;P =0.016).Conclusion The incidence of the risk factors for stroke in the low education level group was higher than the popuhtions of high or middle education level.

This paper reports the use of three different types of anti-keratin antibodies and immuno-peroxidase technique in the staining of various skin tumors paraffin-embedded. The results showed that three types of anti-keratin antibodies (Cam5.2, AF2 and PK)didn't stain none-pithelial tumors and,expressed their inherent different staining patterns for epithelial tumors derived f from different tissues. Therefore, three types of. anti-keratin antibodies may be helpful for diagnosis, differential diagnosis and classification of complex skin tumors in routine histopathology of skin

Objective:to combine psychotherapy and medication in treatment of tension-type headache Method:84 patients with tension-type headache were randomly divided into study group (combining psychotherapy with medication) and control group (medication only) The psychotherapy was twice to three times a week, for 2 or 3 weeks and then follow up for at least 1 year Result:in the study group, the rate of improvement was 95%, that of marked improvement was 67%, were significantly higher than the counterparts in control group (were 69% and 38% respectively) Conclusion:combining psychotherapy with medication is more effective than medication only in treatment of tension-type headache

BACKGROUND: Mild hypothermia might in some degree affect the functions and metabolism of the vital organs, and its effects can be harmful sometimes but may also be favorable on some other occasions, which remained to be further studied.OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of mild hypotherrnia on cardiac function of rats with experimental cerebral infarction by observing the changes in the cardiac energy reserve and electrocardiogram (ECG) manifestations,as well as the ultrastructural changes of the myocardium.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment.SETTING: Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University.MATERIALS: This experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University. Totally 58SD rats were randomized into sham operation group (n=10), cerebral infarction with normal temperature group (normal temperature group, n=24),cerebral infarction with mild hypothermia treatment group (mild hypothermia group, n=24).METHODS: Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was induced in normal temperature group and mild hypothermia group with a suture intro duced into the middle cerebral artery of the rats. The rats in- sham opera tion group were only subjected to skin incision and vessel ligation without suture insertion into the middle cerebral artery. The rats in mild hypother mia group were kept at 4 ℃ with their anal temperature maintained at (34±1.0) ℃, while the rats in sham operation group and normal tempera ture group w ere kept at room temperature (20 ℃). Twelve hours later, the levels of myocardial ATP, DTP, adenosine phosphate and energy reserve were determined, and the changes in myocardial ultrastructure were ob served under electron microscope. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Changes of myocardial energy metabolism; ② Changes of cardiac electrophysiology; ③ Ultrastructural changes of the myocardium. RESULTS: All the 58 rats survived the operation and all enter the re sult analysis. The levels of myocardial ATP, DTP and energy reserve were significantly lowered in normal temperature group and mild hypothermia 12 hours after the ischemia in comparison with the sham operation group (P ＜ 0.01), but the level of ATP and energy reserve in mild hypothermia group was higher than those of normal temperature group (P ＜ 0.01). No significant difference was noted in ECG abnormality rate between normal temperature group and mild hypothermia group (P ＞ 0.05), but the heart rate was found obviously lower in mild hypothermia group [(290.92±44.18) vs (472.20±12.79) bpm, P ＜ 0.01], with 3 rats showing heart rate less than 150 bpm. Ultrastructural observation revealed the presence of my ocardial ischemic impairment in normal temperature group and mild hy pothermia group, but the impairment in mild hypothermia group was less severe. CONCLUSION: Heart rate can be markedly reduced during general mild hypothermia treatment for cerebral infarction to improve myocardial energy reserve and alleviate myocardial ischemia due to cerebral infarction without increasing the abnormality rate of ECG.

BACKGROUND: Sub-hypothermia has been widely used to treat cerebral infarction. Whether sub-hypothermia treated on body surface affects blood pressure or not, or the effect is advantageous or disadvantageous should be researched further.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of sub-hypothermia on blood pressure of rats with experimental cerebral infarction so as to investigate its influence on cerebral protective function.DESIGN: Randomized controlled study.SETTING: Neurological Department of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed in the Neurological Laboratory of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University. Totally 120 SD rats were selected and divided randomly into control group and experimental group with 60 in each group.METHODS: Rats in experimental group were maintained at 4 ℃ 3 hours after MCA obstruction, and rectal temperature was maintained at (34±1.0) ℃;rats in control group were maintained at room temperature (20 ℃). All animals were reperfused 2 hours after MCA obstruction. Heart rate,breath, blood oxygen saturation, anus temperature and blood pressure were assayed with monitor. Rats were sacrificed under anesthesia after 24 hours, and cerebral tissue was taken out to measure the total volume of infarct focus.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Changes of heart rate, breath,blood oxygen saturation, · mean arterial blood and blood pressure of rats in the two groups before and after treatment; ② volume of infarct focus of rats in the two groups.RESULTS: ① Values of blood pressure in both groups were increased after obstruction as compared with those before obstruction [(150±7.2),(129±5.7) mm Hg; (149±7.5), (130±2.2) mm Hg, P ＜ 0. 01], and there was not significant difference (P ＞ 0.05). Blood pressure was decreased obviously in sub-hypothermia group at the beginning of sub-hypothermia (P＜ 0.01). ② Volume of cerebral infarction was obviously smaller in subhypothermia group than that in control group [(153.17±26.83) mm3,(251.45±36.70) mm3, P ＜ 0.01].CONCLUSION: Sub-hypothermia can both reduce the volume of cerebral infarction and decrease the blood pressure obviously.

Objective To study the effects of intravenous ice-cold 0.9% saline (4℃) on the intracranial pressure of rabbits with focal cerebral ischemia. Methods The model of cerebral middle artery occlusion was made in 20 rabbits, who were then randomly divided into two groups: a mild hypothermia group treated with intravenous infusion of ice-cold 0.9% saline (4℃) over 24h and a control group with intravenous infusion of 0.9% saline of the temperature of 22℃. The cerebral temperature (Tc), intracranial pressure (ICP), mean artery pressure (MAP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) were monitored in all rabbits. Results The ICPs were 12.5?2.2, 11.0?2.2 and ~10.5 ?2.0 mmHg in the 2h, 12h and 24h after mild hypothermia in the mild hypothermia group, and 15.7?2.9, ~18.1 ?3.1 and 21.3?3.4 mmHg in the control group, respectively. The ICPs of the mild hypothermia group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P0.05). Conclusion These results indicated that intravenous infusion of ice-cold 0.9% saline could decrease the ICP and increase CCP and MAP after focal cerebral ischemia.

Objective To evaluate the effect of mild hypothermia on acute cerebrovascular diseases. Methods Sixty-two cases of severe cerebrovascular diseases were randomized into hypothermia group and control group. In hypothermia group the patients were cooled to 34～35℃ for 48h ,while the patients in the control group treated by routine methods. Median nerve short latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SLSEP) and brain-stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) were recorded before cooling and 30 minutes, 24, 72, and 120 hours after cooling. The changes of EP were analyzed statistically. Results After treatment with mild hypothermia, the N13-N20 interpeak latency (IPL) of SLSEP and I-V IPL of BAEP were significantly reduced as compared with those of the control group ( P

Objective To investigate the protective effect of mild hypothermia during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Methods After 3 hours of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats, the myeloperoxi-dase (MPO) activity, the positive expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) , and the leukocyte integrin Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) level in the ischemic regions were determined at different times (6 h,12 h,24 h, 48 h and 72 h) during and after 24 h of reperfusion. Cerebral infarction volume and neurological function were also evaluated in a control group, in addition to the above variables, at 24 hours of reperfusion. Results The MPO activity and the expression of ICAM-1 and Mac-1 were significantly elevated at 6 h after cerebral ischemia during reperfusion. These variables peaked at 48 h. There was a remarkable difference between the various groups and a sham-operated group ( P

Objective To evaluate the protective effect of mild hypothermia against inflammatory cascade reaction in rats during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.Methods After middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)for 3 h in rats,the expression levels of ICAM-1,TNF-? and IL-1 ? in the ischemic regions were determined at different reperfusion time (6 h,12 h,24 h,48 h and 72 h).At 24 h,the cerebral infarction volume and neurologic function were evaluated.In the control,these were assessed at 24 hours reperfusion.Results (1)Mild hypothermia could ameliorate neurological deficit score and decrease infarct volume induced by cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.(2)The expression of ICAM-1,TNF-? and IL-1? rose obviously at 6 h after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion,and peaked each at 48 h,24 h and 6 h.There was significant difference between the various groups and the sham-operative group(P