Objective To explore the diagnostic value of ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (US-FNAB) for thyroid imaging reported and data system (TI-RADS) 4 class ≤ 10 mm thyroid nodules.Methods The preoperative ultrasound features of patients with thyroid nodule who received USFNAB examination were retrospectively analyzed,the malignant risk of each nodule was evaluated and classified according to TI-RADS.TI-RADS 4a class thyroid nodules and diameter ≤ 10 mm of 365 patients were classified as suspicious nodules and received US-FNAB examination.The nodules were classified as ＜5 mm and 5-10 mm groups.The results of cytologic diagnosis were compared with the pathological diagnosis,and the differences for nodules with different size were analyzed.Results Among 365 TI-RADS 4 class thyroid nodules diagnosed by the cytology,68 nodules were malignant;81 nodules were suspicious of malignancy;193 nodules were benign;6 nodules were unsatisfactory;and 17 nodules were undetermined.According to postoperative pathology or follow-ups,153 nodules were malignant and 212 nodules were benign.The difference between US-FNAB results and pathology was not significant (P ＞ 0.05).Cytologic positive rate and actually malignant rate of the nodules in 5-10 mm group were higher than ＜ 5 mm groups (P ＜ 0.05).The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,and accuracy of US-FNAB cytological diagnosis of TI-RADS 4 class thyroid nodule were 92.2％,96.2％,94.6％,94.4％and 94.5％,respectively.Conclusion US-FNAB examination is valuable for the diagnosis of TI-RADS 4a class thyroid nodules and improves the preoperative diagnosis.

AIM: To investigate the effect of volatile anesthetics on function,metabolism,ATPase activity and free radicals in isolated ischemia /reperfusion(I/R) rat hearts.METHODS: 136 SD rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital and randomly divided into six groups and 17 sub-groups(n=8),according to the given drug.In a normal thermal isolated Langendorff rat heart model,four volatile anesthetics in 1.5 MAC concentration were given before global ischemia 25 min and during reperfusion 30 min.Coronary flow(CF),LVEDP,left ventricular developed pressure(LVDP),?dp/dt were monitored at 15 min of equilibrium,15 min of drug treatment,the end of reperfusion.Myocardial adenosine triphosphate(ATP),malodialdehyde(MDA),activity of Ca2+-ATPase and Na+-K+-ATPase,and superoxide dismutase(SOD) were determined at 15 min of equilibrium,15 min of drug treatment or absence,10 min global ischemia and the end of reperfusion.RESULTS: CF and LVEDP were iocreased significantly after exposured to volatile anesthetics 15 min,and LVDP,+dp/dtmax were significantly decreased.However,LVDP and +dp/dtmax were increased at the end of reperfusion in the treated groups.HR in halothane and isoflurane groups was decreased before ischemia and after reperfusion.The myocardial ATP content was significantly increased before and after ischemia in the treated groups.At the end of reperfusion,the activity of SOD was significantly higher and myocardial MDA content was significantly lower in the treated groups than those in control group.The activity of Ca2+-ATPase,compared with the control group,was markedly decreased before ischemia in halothane,enflurane and isoflurane group.Nonetheless,the activity of Ca2+-ATPase was clearly increased in the treated groups during ischemia and at the end of reperfusion.The activity of Na+-K+-ATPase was only enhanced in halothane group at the end of reperfusion among groups.CONCLUSION: The volatile anesthetics depress myocardial systolic function.There are markedly protective effects against myocardial I/R injury.Meanwhile,the volatile anesthetics improve the recovery of function and metabolism,and increase CF and the activity of Ca2+-ATPase and Na+-K+-ATPase in rats.

Objective To analyze the dose of radiation to medical staff during 125I seeds loading Methods The radiation dose at different distances was measured by using thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLD),and the safe range for medical person was calculated.The doses and annual accumualive doses to the medical staff were estimated.Results The dose attenuation rates were 77.61％,98.04％,98.79％,99.30％,99.71％ and 100％ at distance of 10,20,30,40,50 and 100 cm from seeds tank,respectively.The dose to fingertips,chest,lens and thyroid of doctor were 51.08,35.50,34.73 and 33.78 μGy,and the annual dose reached 12.77,8.88,8.68 and 8.45 mGy when the number of annual operations was 250.The attenuation rate was 79.60％ and 28.36％ of inside and outside lead glass,respectively.Conclusions The radiation is undetectable at 100 cm away from seeds tank in the process of loading of 125I seeds,and lead glass is necessary for radiation protection.

Coronary Vessel Anomalies ; therapy ; Coronary Vessels ; Humans ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

This experiment was designed to study the apoptosis and related mechanism of adherent liver tumor cells (SMMC-7721) and adherent normal liver cells (HL-7702) when they were exposed to the steep pulse generated by the steep pulse apparatus for tumor treatment. The results showed that the steep pulse of 200 V could induce tumor cells apoptosis. The tumor cells presented with their apoptosis when they were exposed to the steep pulse from 200 V to 250 V. Laser scanning confocal microscopy was used to make a real time study of calcium burst when the adherent tumor cells were exposed to the steep pulse. The results showed:On the condition of no extracellular Ca2+, the concentration of Ca2+ in tumor cells exposed to the steep pulse of 150 V did not change; the concentration of Ca2+ in tumor cells exposed to the steep pulse of 200 V decreased; the concentration of Ca2+ in tumor cells exposed to the steep pulse of 250 V decreased more evidently. On the condition of existing extracellular Ca2+, the concentration of Ca2+ in tumor cells exposed to the steep pulse of 150 V did not change; the concentration of Ca2+ in tumor cells exposed to the steep pulse of 200 V decreased little; the concentration of Ca2+ in tumor cells exposed to the steep pulse of 250 V reduced little, too. Maybe the change of calcium burst in the tumor cells is the mechanism of apoptosis when cells are exposed to the steep pulse.
Apoptosis ; radiation effects ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Electricity ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Hepatocytes ; cytology ; pathology ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Based on multi-layer dielectric model of spherical biological cell, a simulating method of frequency characteristics of inner and outer membranes is presented in this paper. Frequency-domain analysis showed that inner and outer membranes subjected to pulsed electric field exhibit band-pass and low-pass filter characteristics, respectively. A calculating method of the transmembrane potential of inner and outer membranes induced by time-varying electric field was introduced, and the window effect between electric field and transmembrane potential was also analyzed. When the duration is reduced from microsecond to sub-microsecond, and to nanosecond, the target induced was from the outer membrane to inner membrane gradually. At the same time, the field intensity should be increased to induce corresponding bioelectric effects. Window effect provides theoretical guidance to choosing reasonable parameters for application of pulsatile electric field in tumor treatment.
Cell Membrane ; physiology ; radiation effects ; Computer Simulation ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Humans ; Membrane Potentials ; physiology ; radiation effects ; Models, Biological

In the light of optical theory, we advanc an ultra-wideband impulse radiating antenna (IRA) which is composed of an ellipsoidal reflector and a cone radiator. The high-intensity ultra-short electric pulses radiated by IRA can be transferred into the deep target in tissue non-invasively and be focused effectively. With the focused picosecond electric pulses, the organelles (mitochondria) transmembrane potential shall change to collapse under which the tumor cells will be targetly induced to apoptosis, so the method of non-invasive treatment of tumors would be achieved. Based on the time-domain electromagnetic field theory, the propagation characteristics of picosecond electric pulses were analyzed with and without the context of biological tissue, respectively. The results show that the impulse characteristics of input pulse were maintained and the picosecond electric pulses can keep high resolution in target areas. Meanwhile, because of the dispersive nature of medium, the pulse amplitude of the pulses will attenuate and the pulse width will be broadened.
Apoptosis ; radiation effects ; Electric Stimulation Therapy ; methods ; Electrodes ; Electromagnetic Phenomena ; Electroporation ; methods ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; pathology ; therapy

Objective:To explore the prognostic value of poliovirus receptor(PVR) in patients with gastric cancer.Methods:Bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the expression of PVR mRNA in gastric cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues and its relationship with prognosis. The clinicopathological data of 73 gastric cancer patients who underwent surgical treatment were retrospectively analyzed. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression level of PVR in gastric cancer tissue and adjacent normal tissue, and its relationship with the clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer patients was analyzed.Results:The expression level of PVR mRNA in gastric cancer tissues was higher than that in adjacent normal tissues ( P<0.05). The expression of PVR is related to the clinical prognosis of gastric cancer patients, and the higher the expression of PVR, the lower the overall survival rate ( P=0.011) and the disease-free survival rate ( P=0.032) of gastric cancer patients. The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that PVR was highly expressed in gastric cancer tissue, mainly in the cytoplasm, while it was not expressed or lowly expressed in normal gastric tissue. High expression of PVR was associated with tumor size ( P=0.001) and recurrence 3-years after surgery ( P=0.013). Conclusions:PVR is overexpressed in gastric cancer tissue, and gastric cancer patients with high expression of PVR have a worse prognosis. The level of PVR has great value for the prognosis evaluation of gastric cancer patients.

Objective:To investigate the expression of myocyte enhancement factor 2C (MEF2C) protein in gastric cancer, and to study its relationship with pathology and prognosis.Methods:Using bioinformatics methods, the expression of MEF2C in gastric cancer patients and its relationship with overall survival were analyzed in the TCGA database. Sixty-six patients with gastric cancer were selected as the research object. The expression of MEF2C in gastric cancer was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining of postoperative gastric cancer tissue samples. By analyzing the expression of MEF2C in gastric cancer, combined with pathological information and postoperative follow-up information, the effect of MEF2C on the progression of gastric cancer was studied.Results:The high expression of MEF2C in gastric cancer tissue was related to tumor size and tumor recurrence (all P<0.05), but not related to tumor grade and lymph node metastasis (all P>0.05). Conclusions:The high expression of MEF2C protein can be used as a predictor for poor prognosis of gastric cancer.