The occurrence of stroke in patients and a variety of underlying diseases during the hospitalization are associated with the treatment, they often result in the aggravation of disease, poor prognosis, and medical disputes. Theoretically, the timeliness of diagnosis and treatment of in-hospital strokes are superior to those outside hospitals, but it still has the widespread delay in the actual diagnosis and treatment. This article reviews the possible causes and mechanisms of in-hospital stroke in order to raise awareness of prevention of in-hospital stroke, prevent and eliminate the potential risks of in-hospital stroke.