Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common malignant liver tumors among children. It typically begins with few symptoms, making it dififcult to diagnose and treat. The number of HB cases has been on the rise in recent years, resulting in gradual development of the research on various aspects of the disease. This paper is a round-up of the etiology, pathological classiifcation, clinical staging, prognostic factors and therapeutic principles of hepatoblastoma.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical and pathological features of Hirschprung disease (HD), intestinal neuro-nal dysplasia (IND) and hypoganglionosis (IH) in children.MethodsThe clinical data and pathologic slices from 238 children with intestinal dysganglionosis were retrospectively analyzed. The age, sex, involved intestinal length of children and prognosis were compared.ResultsIn 238 patients, 138 (58.0%) were diagnosed by rectal mucosal biopsies. There were 122 HD patients whose median age at diagnosis was 9 months and the ratio of male to female was 4.3:1, without involvement of whole colon. There were 45 IND patients whose median age at diagnosis was 14 months and the ratio of male to female was 1.05:1, and the whole colon of 33.3% patients was involved. There were two male IH patients whose ages at diagnosis were 12 years and 18 years respectively, and their whole colon was involved. There were 59 patients with HD complicated by IND whose median age at diagnosis was 13 months and the ratio of male to female was 5.56:1 and the whole colon of 16.9% patients was involved. There were 10 male patients with HD complicated by IH whose median age at diagnosis was 11.5 months and the whole colon of 80.0% patients was involved. The ages at diagnosis, the sex ratio, the rates of whole colon involved, and the cure rates among 5 groups were signiifcantly different (allP<0.01).ConclusionsThe rectal mucosal biopsy was the main method in diagnosis of intestinal dysganglionsis in children. Patients with HD had higher incidence and mild condition and favorable prognosis. Patients with IH or patients with HD complicated by IH had lower incidence rates and severe condition and poor prognosis, followed by patients with IND or patients with HD complicated by IND.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of Qingxiang Concentrated Pill (QCP) on mammary gland hyperplasia (MGH) in rats. Methods Injection of estradiol were given to establish rat models of MGH and QCP was given QCP at the same time. Pathologic changes of mammary gland in rats were observed under light microscope. Changes of breast diameter, mammary gland volume and weight were measured; serum sex hormones levels, SOD activity and MDA content were also estimated. Results QCP could decrease the increased breast diameter, mammary gland volume and weight, reduce the numbers of mammary gland lobules and mammary acini and the diameter of acinar cavities. It could also decrease eatradiol level and MDA content in serum, inhibit the decrease of the coefficient of thymus and increase the serum progesterone level. Conclusion QCP can regulate sex hormone levels, inhibit lipid peroxidation and relieve the pathologic changes of mammary gland in MGH rats.

Abnormalities, Multiple ; Anus, Imperforate ; Humans ; Infant ; Kidney ; abnormalities ; Male ; Rectum ; abnormalities ; Urethra ; abnormalities