Objective To investigate the method of clinical diagnosis and treatment for urinary tract endometriosis (UTE).Methods The clinical data of 7 patients with UTE were analyzed retrospectively.Mean age was 36.5-year old.Two cases were diagnosed by taking cystoscopic biopsy tissue,the others were confirmed by intraoperative and postoperative pathology.Under the adjuvant treatment of endocrine,2 patients were performed partial cystectomy and ureteral resection and end-to-end anastomosis in 4 patients,1 patient undertook ureteric reimplantation.Results Among 7 patients,2 patients had endometrial ectopic bladder,4 patients had endometrial ectopic ureter,1 patient had endometrisis of bladder and urter.After operation,no leak and recurrence occurred 2-3 years of follow-up.Conclusions UTE is rarely seen and usually escape the attention of the physicians,endocrine therapy with surgical resection is the primary method.Choice of surgical approach should be based on a variety of factors lesion location,scope,depth,bilateral renal function,etc.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of colour doppler in guiding the percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL) for Staghom calculi.Methods The clinical records of 46 patients with renal calculi who underwent PCNL were retrospectively analyzed.Patients' mean age was 43 years old,and the range of diameter of stone was 3.0 -7.5 cm.Among these cases,29 cases had complete staghorn calculus.One case had isolated kidney stone.And the other 6 patients had open surgery history.Using Colour Doppler guidance,the percutaneous nephrolithotomy for renal calculi was conducted.Results F22 percutaneous channel was successfully established in 55 sides of 46 patients,with the first and the second phase surgeries of 41 and 14 sides respectively.Single-,double- and three-channel PCNL were performed in 38,16,and 1 sides respectively.Abdominal x-ray conducted at 3 -4 days post operation revealed residual stones on 18 sides,with the range of 0.4 -2.0 cm in diameter.Second-phase lithotripsy was conducted on 14 sides of patients.After the first and the second phases of surgery,4 sides having residual stones ranging 0.6 - 1.0 cm,underwent extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.Ater the third-phase surgery,the diameters of residual stones were much less than 0.5 cm and patients were treated with medication.The total rate of clearance was 87.0％ (48/55).The duration of surgery was 65 - 160 minutes and 95 minutes on average.One patient having delayed bleeding was cured with selective renal artery embolization.There were no complications such as nephrectomy,deaths,pleural or intestinal damage during the period of study.Patients were followed up for 3 to 18 months.Six of 9 patients with renal insufficiency recovered after surgery.The serum creatinine in the remaining 3 patients ranged 185 -220 μmol/L Conclusion Colour Doppler-guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy for renal calculi is safe and effective.

Objective To explore renal transplantation model in non-human primate cynomolgus monkeys.Methods 50 non-human primates' kidneys were transplanted into the lower part of the abdomen with end-to-side anastomosis of renal artery to aorta and renal vein to inferior vena eava,and with end-to-end anastomosis of ureter to bladder.Results In the 50 cases,1 case death as accident of anesthesia;7 cases with postoperative complications,and all with creatinine sudden rise,after ultrasonic examinations showed that 2 cases with renal vein thrombosis,and 5 cases appeared urinary leakage.All animal models were without surgical infections,and with normal serum creatinine,urine output.Conclusion Non-human primate animal kidney transplantation model establishment method is reliable,but should pay attention to the the surgical technique training,complications prevention.The model is valuable for application in the research of immune tolerance,heterogeneous transplant.