Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) have the ability of multi-directional differentiation.In different environments,it can be induced into various blastodermic layer cells,such as osteoblast,chondrocyte and so on.Intervertebral disc degeneration(IDD) is mainly the change of nucleus pulposus cells and extracellular matrix.Nucleus pulposus cell is a chondrocyte-like cell.With the progress of cell bioengineering and molecular biology,the tissue engineering nucleus pulposus cells can be regenerated by BMSCs combined with cell carrier.It can be implanted into intervertebral disc to prevent and reverse IDD.It will be a new way for treating IDD.

BACKGROUND: In vivo and in vitro experiments have demonstrated that polyetheretherketone (PEEK) polymer is the best cervical fusion cage material due to its good biocompatibility, elastic modulus similar to human bone, and satisfactory plasticity and hardness.OBJECTIVE: To assess the outcomes of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cage filled with nano-artificial bone following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy.METHODS: In total 17 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy were collected from the Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University between May 2007 and September 2009. There were 12 males and 5 females,averaging 55 (range 42-67) years of age. All patients underwent ACDF using PEEK cage filled with nano-artificial bone. Patients'neurological functions were assessed on the basis of Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scoring system. The distance between the midpoint of the upper end plate and lower end plate was measured as interboby height. Radiographs with the neck in lateral flexion and extension were obtained to evaluate fusion results.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Seventeen patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy participated in the final analysis.Almost all patients had symptomatic improvement. Within postoperative several days, muscle strength of lower limb was increased, and limb was more flexible after surgery than prior to surgery. At 3 months after surgery, JOA scores were significantly increased compared to prior to surgery, the operated segments were stable and disc space height was satisfactory. In addition, no complications were found, and all cases achieved solid fusion, as confirmed by radiographs. These findings suggest that the immediate stability of the operated segments can be obtained by anchoring PEEK cage, and the nano-artificial bone-filled PEEK cage is safe, simple, and with relatively few complications. It is therefore a good choice for patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy.

BACKGROUND: In the process of limb allograft, apoptosis of target cell is one of the main mechanisms of dysfunction of allograft, which might lead to the failure of allotransplantation. It is assumed that immunosuppressant may relate with cell apoptosis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate effects of FK506 on Bcl-2 mRNA and Bax mRNA expressions and cell apoptosis in rat limb allograft. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The randomized controlled animal trial was performed at the Animal Experimental Center of First Hospital of Harbin Medical University from June 2005 to November 2006. MATERIALS: Fifty-six clean-grade healthy male SD recipient rats and 56 Wistar donor rats were selected. FK506 was product of Fujisawa, Japan (No. 100143G). METHODS: Right hind limb was separated from the upper segment of thigh of SD rat (donor), and washed using heparin saline. The recipient rates underwent limb allotransplantation from allogenetic Wistar to establish injury model. The recipients were randomly divided into two groups (n=28): immunosuppressant group was injected with FK506 1 mg/kg per day, and the control group was not given any immunosuppressant. The right hind limb including skin, subcutaneous tissues, muscles and femoral arteriolar-venular tissue mass were harvested on postoperative days 1, 3, 5, and 7. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Bcl-2 Mrna and Bax mRNA expression were detected using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and cell apoptosis was detected using in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling technique. RESULTS: Fifty-six model rats were included in final analysis. On the 3, 5, and 7 days after FK506 injection, Bcl-2 mRNA expression in immunosuppressant group was significantly higher than the control group (t=7.18-21.20, P

BACKGROUND: Limb allograft is a sort of composite tissues allotrans plantation(CTA), some researches showed that the apoptosis of target cell is one of the main mechanism of the dysfunction of allograft.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristic of cell apoptosis in acute rejection of limb allograft in rats based on limb allograft model.DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial using the experimental animals as the objects.SETTING: Experimental animal center Laboratory of a hospital of a medical university MATERIALS: The experiment was done in the Experimental Animal Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from November 2003 to May 2004. Totally 56 healthy and male SD rats and 28 Wister rats were involved with body mass of 200 to 250 g. The rats were provided by the Experimental Animal Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University. They were randomly divided into two groups:transplantation group with 28 Wistar rats and 28 SD rats and control group with 28 SD rats.INTERVENTIONS: The transplantation group of SD rats underwent limb allotransplantation from allogenetic Wistar. The control group of SD rats underwent limb replantation. The expression of acute rejected in limb allografts was observed. The limb grafts were harvested atday 1, 3, 5 or 7 after transplantation. Histopathological rejection grade of each tissue rejection was performed with hematoxylin-eosin staining. Apoptotic cells were detected by TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling) and apoptotic index(AI) was calculated.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary results: ① istopathological grade of acute rejection in limb allografts ② The relationship between apoptosis and acute rejection in limb allograft in rats; Secondary results:General condition of rats in each group.RESULTS: The limb grafts showed edema and erythema and the skin became red at day(3.43 ±0.79) after transplantation. The average survival time was(7.42 ± 1.72) days. The acute rejection in skin was the strongest. On the day 3, 5 and 7 after operation, the histopathological rejection grades of skins in the transplantation group were(1.14±0.38) ,(2.28 ±0.48) and(2.86 ±0.38) grades respectively. They were significantly different from that of muscle and nerve( P ＜ 0.05 ) . The apoptotic cells in allografts were mainly infiltrating lymphocytes in subcutaneous tissues and then the muscle cells. All was positively correlated with acute rejection grade in limb allograft .CONCLUSION: Apoptosis was involved in acute rejection of limb allograft in rat. The apoptotic index can be used as a quantitative index to estimate the injury of grafts.

Objective To discuss the treatment efficacy and radiotherapy side effects of the preoperative long-course radiochemotherapy and preoperative short-course radiotherapy.Methods 64 patients with local advanced middle and low rectal cancer who got the treatment from April 2004 to April 2010 were analyzed retrospectively.40 patients got the preoperative long-course radiochemotherapy under the dose of DT 45-50 Gy/25 F,1.8-2.0 Gy/F,5 F/W,combining with the synchronous capecitabine chemotherapy (1 650 mg/m2,2 F/d,d1-14/d21-35),and accepted operation 4-6 weeks after the radiotherapy.The rest 24 patients underwent the preoperative short-course radiotherapy under the dose of DT 25 Gy/5 F,5 Gy/F,5 F/W,and got the operation in 2 weeks after the radiotherapy.Results The radical and anus reservation rates in preoperative long-course radiochemotherapy group [85.0 ％ (34/40),65.0 ％ (26/40)] were higher than those in preoperative short-course radiotherapy group [58.3 ％ (14/24),33.3 ％ (8/24)] (x2 =5.689,P =0.019;x2 =6.040,P =0.041).There were no significant differences between the two groups on the index of remission rates,radiation injury,surgical complications,and overall survival rate of 1,3,5 years (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The remission rate and overall survival time between the preoperative long-course radiochemotherapy group and preoperative short-course radiotherapy have no significant difference.But the preoperative long-course radiochemotherapy may improve the anus reservation rate and the radical resection rate,without increasing the radiation injury and surgical complications.

Objective To investigate the antibiotic susceptibilities and the profiles of virulence genes of clinically isolated Salmonella enterica serovars Schwarzengrund ( S. Schwarzengrund) strains for bet-ter understanding the epidemiological trend of this type of non-typhoidal Salomonella and to provide guide-lines for the prevention and treatment of S. Schwarzengrund infection. Methods Stool samples and clinical data of patients with acute diarrhea who received treatment in the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical Univer-sity during May, 2014 to October, 2014 were collected for this study. Enrichment culture and biochemical identification were used to isolate and identify the S. Schwarzengrund strains. The isolated strains were fur-ther analyzed with serotyping analysis, drug susceptibility test, pulsed field gel electrophoresis ( PFGE) and multiple locus sequence typing ( MLST ) . The representative genes carried by Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPI) 1-5, SPI regulators and virulence plasmids were amplified by PCR. The coding genes of CdtB-islet, which were cdtB, pltA and pltB were amplified and sequenced. Results In total, 16 (14. 8%) out of 108 non-typhoidal Salmonella strains were identified as S. Schwarzengrund strains and all of them were sus-ceptible to 11 kinds of antibiotics such as fluoroquinolone, ampicillin, ceftriaxone and trimethoprim-sulfame-thoxazole. PFGE categorized the 16 S. Schwarzengrund strains into 3 clusters including A clone ( 14 strains), B clone (1 strain) and C clone (1 strain). The strains that isolated from 8 patients who ate the same food belonged to one cluster ( A clone ) , suggesting that it was an outbreak of infection. The 16 S. Schwarzengrund strains showed identical MLST type, which was ST241. The representative genes carried by SPI1-5 ( invA, sitC, hilA, sseL, sifA, mgtC, siiE and sopB) , the regulatory gene ( phoP) and the cytole-thal distending toxin islet (CdtB-islet) coding genes (cdtB, pltA and pltB) were positive, while the genes carried by virulence plasmids (pefA, prot6E and spvB) were negative. The similarities in CdtB-islet coding genes and amino acids sequences between Salmonella typhi and S. Schwarzengrund strains in this study were more than 97% and 98%, respectively. Conclusion In this study, polyclonal S. Schwarzengrund strains of ST241 type were isolated from the patients. They were susceptible to common antibiotics, but carried the virulence genes contained in SPI1-5 and CdtB-islet coding genes and might cause an outbreak of infection. Attention should be paid to the tendency and threat of clinical S. Schwarzengrund infection and continuous surveillance and investigation should be performed.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of transcranial doppler ultrasonography (TCD) for middle cerebral artery stenosis.Methods A comprehensive electronic search was performed in PubMed,EMBase,The Cochrane Library,CNKI,Wanfang Database and VIP Database to retrieve relevant studies on TCD in diagnosis of middle cerebral artery stenosis from initiation of the databases to January 2017.The general information and diagnostic parameters were documented from the retrieved studies.The quality of the prepared studies was evaluated by QUADAS-2 and the risk assessment maps brought by RevMan 5.3 statistical software.Pooled sensitivity,specificity,positive likelihood ratio (PLR),negative likelihood ratio (NLR) and the heterogeneity of the included studies were analyzed using the Stata 13.0 software.Summary receiver operating characteristic curve (SROC) was drawn and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated.The publication bias was assessed with funnel plotting.Results A total of 11 studies were included for this Meta analysis,involving 2 550 patients.Heterogeneity test showed that the heterogeneity was established between studies in sensitivity,specificity,NLR and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR),resulting from disparity in study design and TCD test criteria (P＜0.05).Meta analysis revealed a pooled sensitivity of 0.88 (95％ CI:0.84～0.91),a specificity of 0.93 (95％ CI:0.91～0.95),a PLR of 12.93 (95％ CI:9.90～16.90),a NLR of 0.13 (95％ CI:0.09～0.17),a diagnostic score (SCORE) of 4.63 (95％ CI:4.32～4.94),a diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of 102.64 (95％ CI:75.44～139.65),and an AUC of SROC of 0.96 (95％ CI:0.94～0.98).The sensitivity analysis after removing studies with sample capacity ＜100 showed that the confidence interval of the diagnostic parameters mostly overlapped with that of the original data.Conclusion As TCD shows good accuracy in diagnosing middle cerebral artery stenosis,it can be used in diagnostic screening of the disease.

OBJECTIVE: The design and development of split memory alloy sternum bone plate are discussed, and the effect of split memory alloy sternum bone plate internal fixation in the treatment of sternal fractures are analysed. METHODS: The structure of the product is designed according to the anatomy and physiological characteristics of human bones, and the cross section shape of the product is designed according to the cross section shape of human bones. Internal fixation is effective in the treatment of sternal fracture. RESULTS: The split memory alloy sternal plate was successfully designed and developed, and all the patients with sternal fractures treated by internal fixation were clinically healed, the hospitalization and fracture healing time were significantly shortened, and no obvious complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS The application of split memory alloy sternal plate internal fixation in the treatment of sternal fracture has the advantages of small trauma, simple operation, safety, reliable fixation, good histocompatibility and less complications, and is conducive to promoting fracture healing and respiratory function improvement.
Alloys ; Bone Plates ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Fracture Healing ; Humans ; Sternum/surgery*

OBJECTIVE： To establish a method for simultaneous determination of gallic acid， cinnamic acid and catechin in 3 processed products of Rheum officinale. METHODS： RP-HPLC method was established. The determination was performed on Thermo ScientificTM Hypersil GOLD Dim column with mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.1％ phosphoric acid solution （gradient elution） at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 278 nm， and the column temperature was 30 ℃. The sample size was 10 μL. RESULTS： The linear range of gallic acid， cinnamic acid and catechin were 0.126 2-1.262 0 μg（r＝0.999 9）， 0.036 2-0.362 0  μg（r＝0.999 9） and 0.177 9-1.779 4 μg（r＝0.999 8）， respectively. Quantitative limits were 25.4， 28.2， 62.5 ng， and detection limits were 6.2， 3.6， 11.8 ng， respectively. RSDs of precision， stability， repeatability and durability tests were all less than 3％. The recoveries ranged from 94.64％-102.71％（RSD＝2.74％， n＝9）， 95.35％-102.49％（RSD＝2.44％， n＝9）， 93.56％-103.66％（RSD＝3.27％， n＝9）. The determination results showed that the contents of gallic acid and cinnamic acid in prepared R. officinale were higher， and the order of both were prepared R. officinale＞steamed R. officinale＞raw R. officinale. The content of catechin in raw R. officinale was higher， and the order of it was raw R. officinale＞ steamed R. officinale＞prepared R. officinale. CONCLUSIONS： The method is sensitive， reliable and reproducible. It can be used to determine the contents of gallic acid， cinnamic acid and catechins in 3 processed products of R. officinale simultaneously.