Objective To explore the clinical application of function-preserving pancreatic surgery for treating pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs).Methods Twenty-eight patients with pNENs treated by the function-preserving pancreatic surgery at Anhui Province Hospital from January 2002 to December 2015 were analyzed retrospectively.Results Among the 28 patients, enucleation surgery was performed in 18 cases, distal pancreatectomy was performed in 8 cases, and middle pancreatectomy was performed in 2 patients.Total average operation time was (197±68) min, and the blood loss was (106±99) ml.The postoperative pancreatic fistula was observed in 7 patients, seroperitoneum was in 4 patients, incisional infection was in 1 patient, pulmonary infection was in 2 patients, and all the patients were cured by conservative treatment.There was no death during perioperative period.The postoperative hospital stay was (13±6)d.Analysis of pathological examination and clinical symptoms showed that 24 cases were diagnosed as functional pNENs (including 23 with insulinoma and 1 with gastrinoma), and 4 cases were as non-functional pNENs.The tumor grade G1 was categorized in 19 cases, G2 was in 9 cases.The TNM was I stage in all patients.There were no vascular or nerve invasion or lymph node metastasis.The follow-up period ranged from 4 to 144 months.2 patients were lost, and other patients were all alive.No diabetes or hypoglycemia occurred.Conclusions The function-preserving surgery for pNENs was safe and feasible, especially for well-differentiated functional pNENs.

Objective To study the prognosis value of the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and it's acceptor(VEGF,Flk-1) and microvessel density(MVD) gene proteins in the breast carcinoma and paracarcinoma tissue.Methods Immunohistochemical technique was adopted to detect the protein expression of VEGF,Flk-1 and MVD in 76 cases of breast carcinoma and 10 cases paracarcinoma tissue.Results (1)The positive expression of VEGF,Flk-1 were 59.3% and 61.3% in the carcinoma group,which were higher than in the paracarcinoma tissue(P

Objective To investigate the expression of STAT3 signaling pathway genes including Survivin and COX-2 in cholangiocarcinoma,as well as the relationship between expression of these genes and prognosis of patients with cholangiocarcinoma.Methods The tumor and normal tissue samples were respectively collected from 43 patients with cholangiocarcinoma and 12 patients with intra-and extrahepatic bile duct stones or hepatic duct injury in the Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University from September 2007 to July 2012.The expression of STAT3,phosphorylated-STAT3 (p-STAT3),Survivin and COX-2 were examined using immunohistochemistry,and the relationship between the expression of these genes and the clinical pathological features and prognosis of patients with cholangiocarcinoma was analyzed.Patients were followed-up through outpatient examination and telephone interview until March 2014.Categorical data were analyzed using the chi-square test.Correlation analysis was done by Spearman's method.The survival curve was generated using the Kaplan-Meier method,and the survival analysis was conducted using the log-rank test.Results The positive expression rates of STAT3,p-STAT3,Survivin and COX-2 in the tumor samples were 69.8％ (30/43),65.1％ (28/43),72.1％ (31/43),79.1％ (34/43),respectively,which were compared with 41.7％ (5/12),8.3％ (1/12),16.7％ (2/12) and 41.7％ (5/12) in the normal tissue samples,showing a significant difference for the last 3 indexes (x2=12.136,9.811,4.679,P ＜ 0.05).Overexpression of p-STAT3,Survivin and COX-2 protein was correlated with lymph node metastasis (x2 =14.700,5.959,4.075,P ＜ 0.05).Overexpression of p-STAT3 was also related to neural invasion (x2=10.384,P ＜ 0.05).Expression of Survival and COX-2 protein was not associated with lymph invasion (x2=2.718,3.024,P ＞ 0.05).Expression of p-STAT3,Survivin and COX-2 was however not associated with gender,age and tumor location,differentiation and diameter (x2=0.148,0.720,1.835,1.040,0.236 ; 0.001,0.009,0.029,1.863,0.197 ; 0.433,0.686,0.002,2.974,0.029,P ＞ 0.05).Expression of Survivin and COX-2 protein was positively correlated to p-STAT3 protein (r =0.524,0.583,P ＜ 0.05).All the 43 patients were followed up for 6-60 months.Among the 17 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma,the median survival time was 7,9,9 months for patients with positive expression of p-STAT3,Survivin and COX-2 protein,compared with 18,11 and 11 months for patients with negative expression of these proteins.The survival rates of the patients with positive and negative expression of p-STAT3 protein were 33.3％ and 68.6％,respectively,with a statistical significance for p-STAT3 protein (x2=12.916,P ＜ 0.05).Of the remaining 26 patients with common bile duct carcinoma,the median survival time was 9,10 and 9 months for patients with positive expression of p-STAT3,Survivin and COX-2 protein,compared with 20,20 and 20 months for patients with negative expression of these proteins.The survival rates of the patients with positive expression of p-STAT3,Survivin and COX-2 protein were 20.8％,9.4％ and 8.5％,which were lower than 37.5％,37.5％ and 50.0％ of patients with the negative expression of these proteins,with a statically significance for all the 3 proteins (x2=12.787,6.245,11.161,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The p-STAT3,Survivin,COX-2 proteins are highly expressed in the cholangiocarcinoma and the expression levels of these proteins are positively correlated.The survivin and COX-2 may be the downstream genes of STAT signaling pathway,which are involved in the progression and prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma.

Objective To investigate the short and long-term outcomes and risk factors after open surgery or and endoscopic hepatolithotomy for hepatolithiasis. Methods A retrospective study was made on cases of hepatolithiasis who underwent hepatolithotomy by open surgery or endoscopically from Jan 2001 to Dec 2008.Of 254 patients,189 were followed-up including 127 after open surgery and 62 endoscopically.The univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the risk factors. Results Complete stone clearance was achieved in 85.0 ％ ( 108/127 ) of open surgery including hepatecomy,61.3 ％ ( 38/62 )of endoscopic treatment.After a median follow-up period of 6.0 years (2.5 to 10.5 years),stone recurred in 32.8％ (62/189) of patients,biliary cirrhosis in 7.4％ ( 14/189),cholangiocarcinoma in 7(3.7％ ),all cancer cases were dead with a mortality rate of 7(3.7％ ).Bile duct stricture (OR:7.522,95％ CI:2.642 -21.415),stones in both lobes (OR:11.630,95％ CI:3.989 -33.912),and endoscopic treatment ( OR:21.374,95％ CI:6.713 - 68.056 ) were independent risk factors ( P ＜ 0.05 ) for incomplete stone clearance by unconditional Logistic regression analysis.In addition,recurrent stones and/or cholangitis were associated with residual stones ( OR:3.059,95％ CI:1.307 - 7.159),stricture ( OR:3.702,95％ CI:1.567-8.745) and endoscopic therapy (OR:4.841,95％ CI:1.946 - 12.043) (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Stricture,stone in both lobes and endoscope therapy were independent risk factors for residual stones; Residual stones,bile duct stricture and endoscope therapy were independent risk factors for recurrent stones and/or cholangitis.

Piezoelectric sensor is a kind of chemosensor,which utilizes the changes of quality to measure data.It is widely applied to the measurement of temperature,quality,intensity of strength and acceleration.Now it is also widely applied in the biomedical area.This paper is mainly about the fundamental principle,structure and the applications of the piezoelectric sensor.

AIM:To investigate the changes of connexin 43 (Cx43) via establishing a model of sympathomi-metic atrial fibrillation ( AF) .METHODS:The mongrels ( n=15) were randomly divided into control group , rapid atrial pacing (RAP) group and isoprenaline (ISO) perfusion+RAP group (ISO+RAP group).All mongrels’ hearts were taken out rapidly by median sternotomy to establish the cardiac model with Langendorff perfusion in vitro.The atrial effective re-fractory period ( AERP) and AF inducability were tested .The expression and distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase ( TH) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry .Total protein level of Cx 43 and phosphorylation of Cx 43 were determined by West-ern blot.The distribution of Cx43 were also observed by immunofluorescence staining .The cell apoptosis was analyzed by TUNEL staining.The generation of reactive oxygen species ( ROS) in the mitochondria was measured by fluorescence spec-trophotometry .RESULTS:No significant change of AERP was found between control group and RAP group , while that in ISO+RAP group was significantly decreased (P<0.05) and induced AF.Compared with control group, the expression of TH, apoptotic index and the generation of ROS increased gradually (P<0.05), while the content of Cx43 decreased grad-ually both in the total protein and the phosphorylation levels in RAP group and ISO +RAP group (P<0.05).The fluores-cence intensity of Cx43 was also attenuated and Cx43 were lateralized apparently in RAP group , while Cx43 were character-ized as punctate distribution in ISO +RAP group.CONCLUSION:Sympathetic nerves may activate autophagosome at in-tercalated discs and trigger cell apoptosis , resulting in remodeling and downregulation of Cx 43 via oxidative stress , thus having effects on mediating and maintaining AF .

AIM: To study the distribution of C46T polymorphism of factor Ⅻ(FⅫ) in Chinese Han population and the association of the polymorphism with coronary artery disease(CAD) and acute coronary syndrome(ACS). METHODS: Selected coronary angiography was performed in 168 CAD patients and 210 controls. Genetype of FⅫ was typed by mutagenically separated polymerase chain reaction assay(MSPCR). RESULTS: FⅫ allelic frequencies of C and T were 29.8%, 70.2% and 31.4%, 68.6% in CAD and controls, respectively(P>0.05). Genetype distribution was in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The frequency of CC, CT, TT in CAD and control was 8.7%, 40.5%, 50.0% and 5.2%, 52.6%, 42.2%. The association between FⅫ genetype and CAD(χ~2=6.393, P<0.05) was observed. As compared with the CC group, the CT genetype was a protective factor for CAD(OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.19-0.97). When compared to stable coronary artery disease, the frequency of TT genetype is significant less in ACS group(45.0% vs 62.5%, χ~2=4.200, P<0.05). The distribution of genetype in C46T was no significant difference among the numbers of stenosed coronary artery. CONCLUSION: The C46T polymorphism of FⅫ is association with CAD in Chinese Han population. The C→T mutation may be a protective factor against CAD and ACS.

Objective To observe the effect of the electroacupuncture ( EA) on the expression of cyclin-de-pendent kinase 5 ( Cdk5 ) in rats with muscle contusion and to explore its mechanism. Methods Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group of 4, a model group of 4, a natural recovery group ( NR) of 12 and an EA group of 12. All except those in the normal group had acute skeletal muscle contusion induced through a heavy blow. The EA group was treated with 15 minutes of EA daily beginning 48 h after the injury while the other rats received no EA. The model group was sacrificed 24 h after modeling, and rats from the NR and EA groups were sacrificed on the 7th, 14th and 21st day after the modeling to collect tissues. Hematoxylin eosin ( HE) staining, Western blotting and quantitative real-time fluorescence PCR were used to observe any histological changes, as well as Cdk5 protein and mRNA expression. Results The HE staining showed that the other 3 groups displayed larger a-mounts of muscle fiber fracture, dissolution and inflammatory cell invasion than was observed in the normal group. Compared with the NR group, quicker recovery was seen in the EA group as evidenced by faster muscle satellite cell proliferation and more new muscle fiber generation. The average Cdk5 protein expression in both the NR and EA groups was higher than in the normal group, and that of the EA group was significantly lower than that of the NR group. Conclusions Muscle contusion can increase Cdk5 expression in skeletal muscles, at least in rats. EA can promote the restoration of skeletal muscle function, probably by inhibiting CDK5 protein and mRNA expression.

Objective: To explore the relationship between NLRP3 inflammasome and atrial fibrillation (AF) by examining peripheral blood level of NLRP3 inlfammasome and other inlfammatory factors in relevant patients.
Method: A total of 60 AF patients were enrolled and divided into 2 groups: Paroxysmal AF (PAF) group and Non-paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (nPAF) group, n=30 in each group;in addition, there was a Control group including 26 healthy subjects from physical examination. NLRP3 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was measured by lfow cytometry;blood levels of IL-1β, IL-6, CRP and NT-proBNP were detected by ELISA. The correlations among different factors were studied by liner regression analysis and the differences were compared among groups.
Result:①Compared with Control group, PAF and nPAF groups had increased PBMCs level of NLRP3 and blood levels of IL-1β, IL-6, CRP, NT-proBNP, P<0.05, while NLRP3 level was similar between PAF group and nPAF group, P>0.05.②PAF and nPAF groups showed elevated blood level of NT-proBNP than Control group, P<0.05. ③PBMCs level of NLRP3 was positively related to left atrial diameter (r=0.579, P<0.05) and negatively related to left ventricular ejection fraction (r=-0.490, P<0.05) in both AF groups.
Conclusion: ① NLRP3 inflammasome was closely related to AF, which may provide a therapeutic target for AF treatment. ② AF was closely related to inflammatory response. ③ Downstream product of NLRP3 may cause the inlfammatory response which could induce the occurrence, development and maintenance of AF in relevant patients.

Objective To observe the effects of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and protein kinase B (Akt) signal pathway in cholangiocarcinoma cells invasion and migration promoted by microRNA-21 (miR-21).Methods The experimental study was adopeted.QBC939 cholangiocarcinoma cells were cultured in vitro,through constructing and synthesizing unrelated sequence,miR-21 mimics and miR-21 inhibitor which were transfected into cells,and these cells were allocated into 4 groups,including growing naturally cells in the cell group,cells transfected by unrelated sequence in the 21-NC group,cells transfected by miR-21 mimics in the 21-M group and cells transfected by miR-21 inhibitor in the 21-Ⅰ group.Besides,cells in the 21-M group were allocated again into the 2 groups,20 μmol/L LY294002 and 10tμmol/L U0126 were respectively added in order to dispose 48 hours for follow-up experiments.Indicatiors of the test:(1) real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression of miR-21 in each group of cholangiocarcinoma cells.(2) Werstern blot was performed to detect the relative expressions of PTEN,ERK and Akt proteins in each group of cholangiocarcinoma cells.(3) Scarification assay was executed to test the migration of each group of cholangiocarcinoma cells.Transwell experiment was conducted to examine the migration and invasion of each group of cholangiocarcinoma cells.The measurement data with normal distribution were presented by x-s.The means of the 2 groups were compared by the t test.The means among groups were compared by the ANOVA,and pairwise comparison was analyzed by the Bonferroni test.The repeated measurement data were analyzed by the repeated measures ANOVA.Results (1) The relative expression of miR-21 in the cell group,21-NC group,21-M group and 21-Ⅰ group were 1.010 ±0.010,0.980 ± 0.050,4.900 ± 0.350 and 0.260 ± 0.010,respectively,with a statistically significant difference among the 4 groups (F =78.23,P ＜ 0.05),with no statistically significant difference between the 21-NC group and cell group (P ＞0.05).There was increased expression between the 21-M group and cell group,decreased expression between the 21-Ⅰ group and cell group and significant difference between 21-M group or 21-Ⅰ group and cell group (P ＜ 0.05).(2) The relative expressions of PTEN,ERK,p-ERK,Akt and p-Akt proteins in the cell group,21-NC group,21-M group and 21-Ⅰ group were 0.360 ± 0.020,0.400 ± 0.030,0.140 ± 0.010,0.680 ± 0.110 and 0.045 ± 0.126,0.470 ± 0.140,0.460 ± 0.060,0.440 ± 0.110 and 0.310 ± 0.020,0.380 ± 0.040,0.590 ± 0.060,0.160 ±0.010 and 0.400 ±0.010,0.390 ±0.080,0.410 ±0.090,0.380 ±0.070 and 0.440 ±0.110,0.510 ± 0.120,0.980 ± 0.150,0.190 ±0.010,respectively,showing statistically significant differences among the4 groups (F =10.23,12.78,18.11,P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the relative expressions of PTEN,ERK,p-ERK,Akt and p-Akt proteins between the cell group and 21-NC group (P ＞0.05).Compared with cell group,there was decreased PTEN expression and increased p-ERK and p-Akt expressions in the 21-M group,showing statistically significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with cell group,there was increased PTEN expression and decreased p-ERK and p-Akt expressions in the 21-Ⅰ group,showing statistically significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).(3) The change of migration rate of cells from 6 hours to 48 hours were from 12.0％ ± 3.0％ to 23.0％ ± 5.0％ in the cell group,from 21.0％ ± 4.0％ to 43.0％ ± 7.0％ in the 21-M group,from 6.0％ ±1.0％ to 18.0％ ±4.0％ in the miR-21 + LY294002 group and from 9.0％ ±2.0％ to 26.0％ ± 6.0％ in the miR-21 + U0126 group,respectively.The migration rate of cells in the 21-M group at each time point was higher than that in the cell group (F =16.23,P ＜0.05).The migration rate of cells in the miR-21 + LY294002 group and miR-21 + U0126 group were lower than that in the 21-M group (F =25.21,P ＜ 0.05),and there was the interaction effects between the change of migration rate of cells of the 3 groups and time,with a statistically significant difference (F =35.31,P ＜ 0.05).(4) The numbers of migration cells in the cell group,21-M group,miR-21 + LY294002 group and miR-21 + U0126 group were 198 ± 32,248 ± 39,187 ±23 and 174 ± 28,respectively,with a statistically significant difference among the 4 groups (F =8.48,P ＜ 0.05) and between the 21-M group and cell group (t =4.13,P ＜0.05).Compared with the 21-M group,the numbers of migration cells in the miR-21 + LY294002 group and miR-21 + U0126 group were decreased (F =21.98,P ＜0.05).The numbers of invasion cells in the cell group,21-M group,miR-21 + LY294002 group and miR-21 + U0126 group were 102 ± 22,211 ± 36,55 ± 9 and 67 ± 13,respectively,showing a statistically significant difference among the 4 groups (F =11.32,P ＜ 0.05) and between the 21-M group and cell group (t =6.67,P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the 21-M group,the numbers of invasion cells in the miR-21 + LY294002 group and miR-21 + U0126 group were decreased (F =36.23,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion ERK and Akt signal pathway participate in the cholangiocarcinoma cells invasion and migration promoted by miR-21,PTEN could mediate the process of promoting cholangiocarcinoma cells invasion and migration through ERK and Akt signal pathway promoted by miR-21.