The duck hepatitis B surface antigen(DHBsAg)particles were purified from the s-era of ducks by sucrose rate zonal and KBr isopycnic centrifugation.Analysis of DH-BsAg by SDS-PAGE revealed the major polypeptide to be 18Kd.The anti-DHBsAg-serum was made by immunizing cavy or rabbit and the anti-DHBsA-IgG was purifiedby DEAE-Sephadex A50.A simple,specific and sensitive Reverse Passive Hemgglutin-ation Assay for DHBsAg have been established with the method of Glutaraldehyde T-wo-step Procedure.The sera of ducks from three districts determined by RPHA andelectromicroscopy showed that the geographic distribution of DHBV is uneven and thearea of higher incidence of hepatitis B is also that of duck DHBV infection.So.therewould be other environmental facts influencing the uneven distribution of DHBV,andprobably that of HBV.

Objective To investigate the effect of taurine on proliferation and apoptosis of rat mesangial cells cultured in vitro and explore its possible mechanism. Methods Rat mesangial cells were incubated with different concentration of taurine. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT colorimetric assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. Form of apoptosis was examined by vital staining of alcidine orange. The expression of c-jun and c-fos was determined by immunocytochemistry and computed video text analysis system. Results Administration of 5 ~ 50 mmol/L taurine into culture medium had no loxicity to mesangial cells, but could significantly inhibit mesangial cells proliferation in dose-dependent manner, subsequently increased the cells in Go/Gi phase and decreased the cells in S phase. In addition, turine could markedly inhibit the expression of c-jun and c-fos( P

0.05). Conclusions In comparison with mammography,PET/CT has a higher degree of sensitivity and specificily in detecting breast cancer,and higher positive predictive value.PET/CT can provide more aspects of in vivo diagnostic information which may be useful in selecting therapeutic strategy and may supplement the inadequacies of mammography.

Objective To evaluate the use of PET/CT in the diagnosis of breast cancer. Methods In this study,33 patients with suspicious breast tumor underwent PET/CT imaging. The images of the breast were analyzed for qualitative assessment of increased tracer uptake and blood perfusion with PET/CT. Results Among 27 cases with pathology proved breast cancer,25 was judged as PET/CT positive,2 was false-negative. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of PET/CT in identifying breast cancer were 92.6%,100%,93.9%. Conclusion PET/CT is a reliable and sensitive measure in the diagnosis of breast cancer in vivo.

Objective To evaluate the correlation between regional blood perfusion,metabolism and angiogenesis in breast cancer.Methods The PET/CT functional imaging technique was applied to quantitatively detect the central and marginal blood perfusion parameters including blood flow(BF),blood volume(BV)and permeability of surface(Ps),and metabolism index of standard uptake value(SUV)of the tumor in 33 breast cancer patients.The expression of CD31.CD105 and VEGF in paraffin section of breast cancer were detected by immunohistochemical method,then MVD(CD31)and MVD(CD105)were obtained.The relationship between the regional blood perfusion and metabolism and MVD(CD3 1),MVD(CD105)and the expression of VEGF were analyzed. Results There was significant correlation of MVD (CD31)with BF of marginal region(P<0.05).There were significant correlations of MVD(CD105)with BF.PS and SUV(P<0.05). Conclusions Regional blood perfusion,metabolism is correlated with angiogenesis in breast cancer tissue.PETT/CT regional blood perfusion and metabolic imaging iS a noninvasive method which can be used to estimate angiogenesis status clinically in breast cancer.

Objective To observe the efficacy ofHuayu Kangyou Formula combined with Western medicine for Hp-related peptic ulcer disease;To discuss the mechanism of action.Methods Totally 152 patients were randomly divided into treatment group and control group, 76 cases in each group. Control group was given standard triple therapy, while treatment group was givenHuayu Kangyou Formula based on the standard triple therapy. The treatment lasted for 6 weeks. The clincal symptom scores and gastroscopy were observed to evaluate the therapeutic effect, adverse reactions were recorded, and relapse of ulcer was followed-up.Results The total effective rates of clinical symptoms in the treatment group and the control group were 94.74% (72/76) and 84.21% (64/76), respectively;the excellent rates were 78.95% (60/76) and 55.26% (42/76), respectively;the incidences of adverse reactions were 5.26% (4/76) and 13.16% (10/76), respectively;the relapse rates after 1 year of follow-up visit were 13.63% (6/44) and 41.67% (10/24), respectively, with statistical significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05).ConclusionHuayu Kangyou Formula combined with Western medicine can effectively improve the efficacy of Hp-relative peptic ulcer disease, reduce adverse reaction rate and relapse rate.

Objective To observe the influence of nocturnal prolonged hemodialysis (INHD) on patients＇ nutrition status. Methods Thirty-two maintenance hemodialysis patients received INHD (3 times per week and 7.5 hours each session) and thirty-five maintenance hemodialysis patients received conventional hemodialysis (3 times per week and 4 hours each session) as control were observed for 6 months.The nutrition status of these patients on various aspects which concluded physical measurements,laboratory tests,and dietary record at baseline(0month) and exit (6 months) were recorded. Results (1)There were no differences in age,sex,body weight,and primary diseases between two groups.(2)The body weight,triceps skinfold thickness (TSF),and hand grip strength increased at exit point,but no statistical difference compared with the control group.Mid-upper arm circumference (MAC) increased signicantly from (27.1±4.2) to (30.5±6.1) cm (P＜0.05).Compared with the control group (26.9±3.4) cm,there was a significant difference (P＜0.05).(3)Serum phosphate decreased significantly from (0.5±0.5) to (0.1±0.6) μ mol/L (P=0.001) in INHD group.(4)The nutrition status were improved in INHD group evaluated by subjective global assessment (SGA)(P=0.03).(5) Dietary intake was recorded by a 3-day food record.Dietary intake of energy,protein,lipid,calcium,potassium,and phosphate increased in INHD group.None of the differences achieved statistical significance between two groups. Conclusion As compared with conventional hemodialysis,INHD can increase the dietary intake,decrease serum phosphate level,and improve patients nutrition status.

Objective To investigate the safety and tolerability of darbepoetin alfa.a long-lasting erythmpoietin,single intravenous administration in maintenance hemodialysis(MHD) patients. Methods A single center,open clinical trial was carried out.Forty-three stable MHD patients were divided into 5 groups and received darbepoetin α at dosage of 0.225,0.45,0.9,1.8,3.6 μg/kg respectively.The vital signs,symptoms,ECG and laboratory examinations were monitored and detected before and after administration. Results Of the 43 patients (male 26and female 17),the largest tolerable dosage of darbepoetin alfa was 3.6 μg/kg.During the study,the main side effect associated with darbepoetin was hypertension aggravation(7%).One patient died but that was not associated with darbepoetin alfa. Conclusion Darbepoetin alfa is sale and well tolerated.

This study aimed to validate the high yield and soluble expression of proteins carrying the transactivator of transcription (Tat) peptide tag, and further explored the potential mechanism by which the Tat tag increases expression. Escherichia coli superoxide dismutase (SOD) proteins, including SodA, SodB and SodC, were selected for analysis. As expected, the yields and the solubility of Tat-tagged proteins were higher than those of Tat-free proteins, and similar results were observed for the total SOD enzyme activity. Bacterial cells that overexpressed Tat-tagged proteins exhibited increased anti-paraquat activity compared with those expressing Tat-free proteins that manifested as SodA>SodC>SodB. When compared with an MG1655 wild-type strain, the growth of a ΔSodA mutant strain was found to be inhibited after paraquat treatment; the growth of ΔSodB and ΔSodC mutant strains was also slightly inhibited. The mRNA transcript level of genes encoding Tat-tagged proteins was higher than that of genes encoding Tat-free proteins. Furthermore, the α-helix and turn of Tat-tagged proteins were higher than those of Tat-free proteins, but the β-sheet and random coil content was lower. These results indicated that the incorporation of the Tat core peptide as a significant basic membrane transduction peptide in fusion proteins could increase mRNA transcripts and promote the high yield and soluble expression of heterologous proteins in E. coli.
Escherichia coli* ; Escherichia* ; HIV-1* ; Membranes ; Paraquat ; RNA, Messenger* ; Solubility ; Superoxide Dismutase ; Superoxides* ; Trans-Activators

As a superantigen protein, Staphylococcal enterotoxin C2 (SEC2) activates the immune system effectively even in extremely low concentrations, and this property could be applied in adjuvant therapy against tumors and infectious diseases. In order to enhance the superantigen activity of SEC2, the residues at position 102-106 of native SEC2 were substituted for WWH, WWT and WWP by over-lap PCR, and three mutants named ST-1, ST-2 and ST-3 were obtained. Stimulating activity to murine lymphocytes proliferation and inhibiting activity to tumor cell growth of the three mutants were significantly improved compared with the native SEC2. Febrile activities of ST-1 and ST-3 were comparable with the native SEC2, but ST-2 showed markedly increased febrile activity than native SEC2. Moreover, the levels of IL-2, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha secreted by T cells stimulated with the three mutants were significantly improved, which might be the possible reason for enhanced tumor cell growth inhibition activities. Furthermore, mVbeta8.2 gene transcription levels of murine splenocytes stimulated by the three mutants were dramatically increased compared with native SEC2, suggesting their increased affinities to TCR mVbeta8.2 molecular, which might be the main reason for their enhanced superantigen activities.
Animals ; Enterotoxins ; genetics ; immunology ; Female ; Interferon-gamma ; secretion ; Interleukin-2 ; secretion ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mutant Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell ; immunology ; Superantigens ; genetics ; immunology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; secretion