Objective To study the pharmacodynamics features of cisatracurium besylate in differ-ent age patients. Methods One hundred and eighty patients were randomized to group Ⅰ (50-60 years old),group Ⅱ (61-70 years old)and group Ⅲ (above 70 years old).Each group was subdivided according to the dose of cisatracurium besylate, 0.10 mg/kg (2ED95)or 0.15 mg/kg (3ED95) into group Ⅰ2, Ⅰ3, Ⅱ2, Ⅱ3,Ⅲ2, Ⅲ3(n = 30).ECG, SpO2, PETCO2, HR and neuromuscular blockade were monitored. Intubation conditions were assessed when T1 was zero after cisatracurium besylate administer ration using a 4-part scale.The onset time, TOF no reaction time, duration time, recovery lime and hemodynamic response time were recorded. Re-sults The onset times of group Ⅰ3, Ⅱ3 and Ⅲ3 were significantly shorter than those of group Ⅰ2, Ⅱ2 and Ⅲ2 (P < 0.05).The percentages of patients with excellent intubation condition in group Ⅰ3, Ⅱ3 and Ⅲ3 were 93%, 90%, and 80%, which were markedly higher than those in group Ⅰ2, Ⅱ2 and Ⅲ2 (67%, 60%, 60%). TOF no reaction time and duration time were longer in group Ⅰ3, Ⅱ3 and Ⅲ3 than those in group Ⅰ2, Ⅱ2 and Ⅲ2. There was no significant difference in muscle chalasis among the six groups. Conclusions Cisatracuri-um besylate 0.15 mg/kg produces quicker onset time and acceptable intubation conditions in the different age patients than 0.10 mg/kg. Recovery time is independent on the dosage and age. Aging has no influence on the phannacodynamics of single injection of cisatracurium besylate.

Objective: By constructing the cash flow model, it proposed the premium adjustment mechanism of critical illness insurance(CII). Methods: Based on the practical data of critical illness insurance in China, it established some actuarial assumptions and cash flow model to simulate and analyze premium adjustment mechanism of CII. Results: ( 1) Because of the deterioration of critical illness incidence rate and the change of market interest rates , CII guaranteed premium usually resents pricing risk, which showed that the cash flow is negative, sometimes accumulated cash is negative; (2) based on the criteria of insurance cost adjustment, it is suggested that when the loss rate reached more than 70%, which could permit the insurance company adjust the premium, if the loss rate reached more than 80%, it needs to compulsory the insurance companies to adjust premium. Conclusion: The study proposes the mechanism of CII premium adjustment, provides guidance for practice.

Objective To explore the effect of cisapride combined with polyethylene glycol electrolytic solution on preoperative bowel preparation for patients receiving colorectal cancer operation. Methods One hundred and fifty-two patients received colorectal cancer opera-tion in our hospital from October 2010 to October 2014 were selected. Those who were treated with cisapride combined with polyethylene gly-col electrolytic solution for bowel preparation before operation were assigned to oberservation group(n=83),those who were treated with poly-ethylene glycol electrolytic solution for bowel preparation before operation were assigned to control group(n=69). The side effect after medi-cation, electrolyte concentration and incidence of incision infection between groups after operation were collected and compared. Results The incidence of nausea and vomiting was 7. 23% in observation group,which was significantly lower than 18. 84% in control group (χ2 =4. 64,P=0. 03). The difference of Na+,K+ and Cl- concentration between groups were not significant (t=1. 83,P=0. 07;t=0. 42,P=0. 68;t=1. 86,P=0. 07). The body temperature,leukocyte count and incidence of incision infection after operation in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group (t=2. 68,P<0. 01;t=3. 29,P<0. 01;χ2 =4. 90,P=0. 03). Conclusion Cisapride com-bined with polyethylene glycol electrolytic solution before operation can significantly decrease the incidence of gastrointestinal side effect after medicaiton and incision infection after operation and it is beneficial to recovery for patients with colorectal cancer operation.

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that intramuscular transplantation of xenogeneic umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cel s in a certain dose range is safe and reliable, and it also confirm that this approach is equal y safe and effective for heart failure in rats with dilated cardiomyopathy. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cel s through intramuscular injection on the cytokine expression in adriamycin-induced dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) rats. METHODS:Total y 160 rats were randomly divided into control group (n=20) and DCM group (n=140). Rats in the DCM group were administered adriamycin intraperitoneal y to establish DCM model. The DCM rats were randomly subdivided into model control group (served as model group), cel supernatant group, the low-dose mesenchymal stem cel group (served as low-dose group), the middle-dose mesenchymal stem cel group (served as middle-dose group), and the high-dose mesenchymal stem cel s group (served as high-dose group). Secondary injection was performed at 4 weeks after first injection. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The ELISA test showed that the serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), leukemia inhibitor factor (LIF) and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were higher in the model group than the control group before and after intramuscular injection (P<0.05). After intramuscular injection, the levels of HGF, LIF, GM-CSF and VEGF in the low-dose group were increased significantly (P<0.05), which were significantly higher than those in the model group (P<0.05). The level of LIF in the middle-dose group was significantly elevated after injection (P<0.05), while there were no significant differences in HGF, VEGF and GM-CSF levels in the high-dose group before and after intramuscular injection (P>0.05). Both the immunohistochemical and RT-PCR results showed that the expressions of insulin-like growth factor-1, VEGF and HGF were increased in al the DCM rats as compared with the control group, which were increased most in the middle-dose group. These findings indicate that low-dose and middle-dose human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cel s intramuscular injection can increase the serum levels of HGF, LIF, GM-CSF, VEGF and the expressions of IGF-1, HGF and VEGF in the myocardium of DCM rats.

Objective To evaluate impacts of Community Health Reform Pilot in Bao'an District,Shenzhen,on the staff satisfaction in community health centers.Methods Guanlan and Xixiang Street were chosen as treatment group and Songgang Street as comparison group.Date that one year before and after community reform was retrieved from Electronic Information System both from two groups.Double Differences was employed to estimate the impacts of intervention on the staff satisfaction.Results Community Health Reform program resulted in relieving staff financial stress and occupational stress by 42.4％(P＜0.001)and 46.4％ (P＜0.001)respectively and increasing the sense of equity,the sense of achievement,job satisfaction by 67.7 ％ ( P ＜ 0.001 ),54.5 ％ ( P ＜ 0.001 ) and 14.4 ％ ( P ＜ 0.05 )respectively.Conclusion The community reform in Bao 'an district has impact on increasing job satisfaction in treatment group.

Objective To explore the effects of intramuscular injection human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(hUCMSC)intramuscular injection on the cardiac function and myocardial ultrastructure in rats with Adria-mycin -induced dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)rats.Methods One hundred and sixty rats were randomly divided in-to a normal group (20 cases)and DCMgroups (1 40 cases),rats in DCMgroups receiving Adriamycin (2 mg/kg)in-traperitoneally once a week for 8 weeks to establish DCM models.The DCM rats were randomly divided into a model control group (served as model group),the supernatant of hUCMSC group (served as supernatant group),the low -dose hUCMSC group(served as low -dose group),the medial -dose hUCMSC group(served as medial -dose group), and the high -dose hUCMSC group(served as high -dose group).Echocardiography was performed to evaluate the car-diac function,plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)level and serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI)level were detected by enzyme -linked immunosorbent assay kit;light microscope and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)were used to observe the ultrastructure of myocardium.Results Rats in the DCM group showed low spirit,declining food intake, progressive emaciation,slow growth,hair loss and ascites.After the intramuscular injection of hUCMSC,the above symp-toms of rats in the low -dose and the medial -dose hUCMSC groups were improved significantly.Before the administra-tion of hUCMSC,the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)[(64.53 ±2.61 )%]and the left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS)[(30.80 ±2.1 1 )%]were significantly decreased in the DCMgroup compared to those of the con-trol group[(79.67 ±3.02 )%,(43.08 ±3.1 5 )%,all P <0.01 ].After the administration of hUCMSC,LVEF [(75.5 ±7.4)%,(74.0 ±6.1 )%]and LVFS[(40.8 ±3.8)%,(40.2 ±5.0)%]were significantly increased in the low -dose and the medial -dose group compared with those of the model group [(65.8 ±4.5)%,(30.2 ± 2.9)%,all P <0.01 ].The concentration of plasma BNP level [(438.3 ±82.2)ng/L,(341 .7 ±68.9)ng/L]and serum cTnI level [(375.9 ±1 1 0.9)ng/L,(355.9 ±55.6)ng/L]were significantly decreased compared with those of the model group [(449.9 ±91 .8)ng/L,(425.9 ±42.6)ng/L,all P <0.05].The findings of HE staining showed that cardiomyocytes were orderly arranged,edema decreased and cell nucleus homogeneously stained in the low -dose and the medial -dose group.The outcomes of TEM revealed that the ultrastructure of cardiomyocytes was improved in the low -dose and the medial -dose group compared with that of model group,and the cardiomyocyte sarcolemma re-mained intact,and the swelling of mitochondria ameliorated and the cristae of mitochondria remained clear.Conclusions Intramuscular injection of hUCMSC could significantly increase LVEF and LVFS in the Adriamycin -induced DCM rats,and decrease the plasma BNP levels and the serum cTnI levels,attenuate the myocardial pathological damage and improve myocardial ultrastructure.

Objective To develop a precise and reliable method to determine mammalian cell survival using the triphe-nyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) solution.Methods Different amounts of TTC solution were added to the cultured cells in order to find the optimal concentration .The correlation between the cell number and the measured optic density value was analyzed.In addition, the TTC method was compared with traditional MTT assay .Results The TTC assay could precisely reveal the viability of cultured cells as well as the MTT method , but the non-specific reaction of the MTT reagent by other antioxidants could result in unreliable overestimation of the cell number .Conclusion The TTC assay can be used to deter-mine the survival of cultured cells more precisely .

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the understanding of quality status of Insulin injection and improvement of related standards. METHODS:The statutory methods of Insulin injection were adopted to test 32 batches of samples(including ap-pearance,identification,capacity,visible foreign matter,sterility and potency determination of biological method). Consulting specification of other similar products,RP-HPLC was conducted to determine the related impurities,content and phenol in sam-ples;HPSEC was conducted to determine the high molecular weight proteins and atomic absorption spectrophotometry was conduct-ed to determine the Zn content. RESULTS:Results of all the 32 batches of samples were qualified by the test of statutory methods. According to the method of other similar products,the determination result of A21 desamido insulin was 15.6%-39.2% and general-ly greater than 5.0%, which was the highest limit of similar products;insulin was 93.2%-102.7%;protein polymer was 0.5%-0.6%;phenol was 2.34-2.51 mg/ml and Zn was 12.3-14.8 μg/100 U. CONCLUSIONS:The statutory specification of Insulin injection is short of many key specification items such as impurities and content determination;the contents of protein polymer, phenol and Zn were in good control;the contents of A21 desamido insulin are generally high,and stability of insulin main peak is relatively poor.

Objective To provide reference on the difference in blood glucose metabolism between different mouse strains by comparing blood glucose changes under food and /or water deprivation.Methods C57BL/6J mice, BALB/c mice,and ICR mice used in this study were divided into four groups:control group, food deprivation group, water depriva-tion group and food &water deprivation group .Their blood glucose was measured within 12 hours under various stresses . Results and Conclusion There are different blood glucose regulation patterns in different mice strains .The blood glucose level of C57BL/6J mice is usually higher than that of the BALB/c and ICR mice, while the of blood glucose level BALB/c mice stays relatively stable , and the ICR mice have the widest range of blood glucose levels upon these stresses .Accord-ing to our data, the difference in blood glucose metabolism between different mouse strains should be taken into considera -tion in blood glucose related studies for proper interpretation and design of experiments .

Objective To investigate the immunological pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease( KD)through examination of changes in the expression of suppressors of cytokine signaling 1(SOCS1)and SOCS3,helper T cells and CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells(CD4 + CD25 + Treg)in peripheral blood from children with acute KD. Methods Six-teen children[10 boys,6 girls,aged 1 - 2 years old,averaged(1. 6 ± 0. 3)years old]in the acute phase of KD(KD group),16 children[9 boys,7 girls,aged 1 - 3 years old,averaged(1. 5 ± 1. 1)years old]with pneumonia(pneumo-nia group)and 8 normal children[5 boys,3 girls,aged 1 - 5 years old,averaged(2. 0 ± 1. 1)years old]of the same age(normal control group)from the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University who were admitted from October 2012 to March 2013 were recruited. The mRNA levels of SOCS1 and SOCS3 in the T cells from peripheral blood were examined by way of reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction(RT - PCR). Interferon - γ( IFN - γ),interleukin - 4 (IL - 4)and CD4 + CD25 + Treg were quantified by means of fluorescence activated cell sorting(FACS). Results The expressions of SOCS1 and SOCS3,the percentage of IL - 4 T cells observed in the peripheral blood of the pneumonia group were similar to the normal control group(P ﹥ 0. 05),but significantly decreased in the percentage of INF - γ and the level of CD4 + CD25 + Treg(t = 3. 71,12. 81,all P ﹤ 0. 05). Compared to the normal control group and the pneumo-nia group,the expressions of SOCS1 and SOCS3,the percentage of INF - γ and IL - 4 T cells decreased significantly in the peripheral blood of the KD group(t = 2. 27,4. 48,17. 64,2. 73,2. 74,1. 25,2. 36,2. 59,all P ﹤0. 05 ). On the other hand,the level of CD4 + CD25 + Treg in the peripheral blood of the KD group was markedly lower than that in the normal control group(t =7. 70,P ﹤0. 05),but similar to the pneumonia group(P ﹥0. 05). Conclusions The function of helper T cells is inhibited in acute KD. The CD4 + CD25 + Treg may be involved in the immunological pathogenesis of KD.