Exosomes are extracellular nanoparticles secreted by multiple types of cells,which are enriched for some bioactive molecules,such as proteins,messcge RNA(mRNA),micro RNA(miRNA), DNA and lipid. These molecules are documented to be involved in the process of intercellular material exchange and signal communication,thus affecting the function of cells. Also,exosomes are considered to participate in tumor angiogenesis,cancer progression and metastasis,but the mechanism remains obscure. Exosomes are of great value for the diagnosis and treatment of tumor. The correlations between exosomes and tumorigenesis and tumor metastasis as well as their clinical applications are summarized in this review.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of 1,25-(OH) 2D3 on radiation-induced bone marrow microenvironment injury and to explore the related molecular mechanism.Methods Sixty 7-week old male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group without any treatment; radiation group exposed to 6.0 Gy 60Co γ-rays with DMSO,and 1,25-(OH)2 D3 + radiation group treated with 1,25-(OH)2D32.5 μg/kg dissolved in DMSO each day and 6 Gy of γ-rays.The body weight and peripheral white blood cells,femur bone marrow histology,and the proportion of adipocyte area were measured.The expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) was detected immunohistochemistrically at 8 d after irradiation.Results After irradiation,the number of white blood cells and the body weight decreased obviously,and the percentage of adipocyte area was increased significantly.Compared with radiation group,1,25-(OH)2D3 reduced the decrease rate of body weight (t =-2.23,-2.34,P ＜ 0.05),partly recovered the number of white blood cells at 4 or 8 d after irradiation(t =-4.99,-4.46,P ＜ 0.05),and reduced the proportion of adipocyte area (t =-3.75,-2.10,P ＜ 0.05).With immunohistochemistrical assay,it was found that 1,25-(OH) 2D3 inhibited adipogenesis by reducing the expression of PPARγ.Conclusions 1,25-(OH) 2 D3 decreases radiationinduced adipogenesis and hence protects the bone marrow microenvironment from radiation damage.

OBJECTIVE To assess the ultrasonographic features and clinical significance of the complications of the thyroglossal cysts. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the ultrasonographic findings in 41 cases with complications of the thyroglossal cyst, which was confirmed surgically and pathologically. 43 cases with simple thyroglossal cyst consisted of the control group. The location, size, internal echo, internal septa, wall thickness, posterior acoustic feature, boundary, vascularity, and fistulas of the lesion were analyzed and compared with the control group. RESULTS Most of the inflammatory thyroglossal cyst showed thickening walls, indistinct boundaries, posterior echo enhancement, and peripheral vascularity on ultrasound images. There were significant differences of the thickness of the cyst wall, indistinct boundary, and peripheral vascularity between the two groups. CONCLUSION The characteristic findings of thyroglossal cyst with inflammation are thickened wall, indistinct boundary, and peripheral vascularities. Ultrasonography can be useful tool in determination of the appropriate time of the operation to reduce the recurrence rate.

Objective To investigate the potential and underlying molecular mechanism of salidroside in ameliorating radiation-induced bone marrow adipogenesis and stimulating hematopoiesis.Methods The female BALB/c mice aged 6-7 weeks were randomly divided into normal control group,radiation group and salidroside group.The radiation group and salidroside group were irradiated with 6.0 Gy of 60Co γ-rays.The salidroside group was intraperitoneally injected with 30 mg· kg-1 · d-1 salidroside at 12 h and then every day until 8th d after radiation.The normal control group and radiation group were treated with equal volume of saline as control of salidroside.At 14 d after radiation,the mice weight,peripheral blood count,femur bone marrow histology,and the proportion of adipocyte area were measured,and the expressions of PPAR-γ and FABP4 were detected by q-PCR.Results After irradiation,the numbers of white blood cells,hemoglobin and platelet in peripheral blood were reduced obviously,and the percentage of adipocyte area was increased significantly.Compared with mice in the radiation group,salidroside inhibited adipogenesis and reduced the proportion of adipocyte area (t =13.31,P ＜ 0.05) by reducing the expressions of PPAR-γ and FABP4 (t =8.64,13.19,P ＜ 0.05).The number of white blood cells was partly recovered at 7 d after irradiation (t =5.80,P ＜ 0.05).Both white blood cells and hemoglobinin in peripheral blood of the salidroside group were higher than those in the radiation group at 14 d after irradiation.Conclusions Salidroside could inhibit radiation-induced bone marrow adipogenesis and regulate bone marrow microenvironment,thereby promotes hematopoietic recovery in mice after radiation injury.

The network teaching platform of ophthalmology of Qingdao University , as the basis construction of the national key discipline , forms a perfect and complete set of teaching system with the aid of part of course information, part of network teaching resources and part of answer and interaction. The network teaching platform focuses on the construction of network teaching resources and answer and interaction. In the college teaching of ophthalmology, through building clinical teaching resource database and discussing on network platform, we carry out interactive and discussion-based teaching, and students can prepare before class and discuss after class. The application of network teaching platform of ophthal-mology in classroom teaching and teaching feedback can improve the teaching methods , deepen the teach-ing content, implement the sharing of teaching resources, and lay a solid foundation for ophthalmology teaching reform.

Objective To investigate the impact of two target body temperatures on inflammatory response,oxidative stress,cerebral metabolism,outcomes and complications in patients undergoing extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 107 patients undergoing extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation.Fifty-three pa-tients with a target body temperature controlled at 32.0 to 34.0 ℃ were included in the moderate hy-pothermia group,and 54 patients with a target body temperature controlled at 34.1 to 36.0 ℃ were in-cluded in the mild hypothermia group.Inflammatory response indicators[C-reactive protein(CRP),interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-1 β(IL-1 β),nuclear factor kappa-B subunit p65(NF-κB p65)],oxidative stress indicators[superoxide dismutase(SOD),total antioxidant capacity(TAC),total oxi-dant status(TOS),malondialdehyde(MDA)],and cerebral metabolism indicators[arterial-jugular venous oxygen content difference(Da-jvO2),cerebral oxygen extraction ratio(CERO2)]were com-pared between the two groups before temperature management and when the target temperature was a-chieved.Additionally,occurrence of complications and outcomes[prognosis outcomes and Glasgow-Pittsburgh Cerebral Performance Categories(CPC)score]were compared.Results When the target temperature was achieved,the levels of CRP,IL-6,IL-1β,and NF-κB p65 in both groups were lower than those before temperature management,and their levels in the moderate hypothermia group were lower than those in the mild hypothermia group(P＜0.05).At the target temperature,the levels of SOD and TAC in both groups were higher than those before temperature management,and the levels in the moderate hypothermia group were higher than those in the mild hypothermia group(P＜0.05).Meanwhile,the levels of TOS and MDA in both groups were lower than those before temper-ature management,and the levels in the moderate hypothermia group were lower than those in the mild hypothermia group(P＜0.05).When the target temperature was achieved,the Da-jvO2 and CERO2 in both groups were lower than those before temperature management,and their levels in the moderate hypothermia group were lower than those in the mild hypothermia groups(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups(P＞0.05).The CPC score and prognosis in the moderate hypothermia group were slightly better than those in the mild hypothermia group,but the difference was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion Target body temperature management after cardiopulmonary resuscitation can effectively promote the recovery of cerebral function.A target body temperature of 32.0 to 34.0 ℃ is more conductive to reducing inflammatory response as well as oxidative stress,and improving cer-ebral metabolism and outcomes.

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE To study the growth suitability of Magnolia officinalis on the basis of investigation on the correla-tion between its growth and ecological factorsand to provide scientific basis for determining the suitable planting region of Magnolia officinalis in China.METHODS Based on the investigation of 43 sampling points of Magnolia officinalis the eco-logical factors affecting its growth was calculated by Maxent.The geographic information systemGIS was applied to assess the growth suitability rank dividing of Magnolia officinalis in China.RESULTS Precipitation of OctoberaltitudeSeptember precipitationprecipitation in July is the main ecological factors that influencing the growth of Magnolia officinalis .The habi-tat suitability values of Magnolia officinalis in Southwest of Hubei province and Eastern Chongqing is highest.CONCLUSION Hubei and Chongqing are the suitable planting areas of Magnoliae officinalis .

Objective To investigate the impact of two target body temperatures on inflammatory response,oxidative stress,cerebral metabolism,outcomes and complications in patients undergoing extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 107 patients undergoing extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation.Fifty-three pa-tients with a target body temperature controlled at 32.0 to 34.0 ℃ were included in the moderate hy-pothermia group,and 54 patients with a target body temperature controlled at 34.1 to 36.0 ℃ were in-cluded in the mild hypothermia group.Inflammatory response indicators[C-reactive protein(CRP),interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-1 β(IL-1 β),nuclear factor kappa-B subunit p65(NF-κB p65)],oxidative stress indicators[superoxide dismutase(SOD),total antioxidant capacity(TAC),total oxi-dant status(TOS),malondialdehyde(MDA)],and cerebral metabolism indicators[arterial-jugular venous oxygen content difference(Da-jvO2),cerebral oxygen extraction ratio(CERO2)]were com-pared between the two groups before temperature management and when the target temperature was a-chieved.Additionally,occurrence of complications and outcomes[prognosis outcomes and Glasgow-Pittsburgh Cerebral Performance Categories(CPC)score]were compared.Results When the target temperature was achieved,the levels of CRP,IL-6,IL-1β,and NF-κB p65 in both groups were lower than those before temperature management,and their levels in the moderate hypothermia group were lower than those in the mild hypothermia group(P＜0.05).At the target temperature,the levels of SOD and TAC in both groups were higher than those before temperature management,and the levels in the moderate hypothermia group were higher than those in the mild hypothermia group(P＜0.05).Meanwhile,the levels of TOS and MDA in both groups were lower than those before temper-ature management,and the levels in the moderate hypothermia group were lower than those in the mild hypothermia group(P＜0.05).When the target temperature was achieved,the Da-jvO2 and CERO2 in both groups were lower than those before temperature management,and their levels in the moderate hypothermia group were lower than those in the mild hypothermia groups(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups(P＞0.05).The CPC score and prognosis in the moderate hypothermia group were slightly better than those in the mild hypothermia group,but the difference was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion Target body temperature management after cardiopulmonary resuscitation can effectively promote the recovery of cerebral function.A target body temperature of 32.0 to 34.0 ℃ is more conductive to reducing inflammatory response as well as oxidative stress,and improving cer-ebral metabolism and outcomes.

With the widespread application of colorectal cancer screening, the surveillance and management of the increasing number of screened population has become a pivotal aspect in preventing and controlling colorectal cancer. In recent years, researches have been conducted on the risk of colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in the population after screening. At the same time, various organizations in Europe and the United States have continuously updated colonoscopy surveillance after screening and polypectomy based on the latest research evidence. In this review, we summarized the current progress of studies on colorectal cancer risk in post-screening colorectal cancer populations and the key points of relevant guideline updates, in order to provide a reference for conducting relevant studies and formulating surveillance guidelines or consensus in China.

With the widespread application of colorectal cancer screening, the surveillance and management of the increasing number of screened population has become a pivotal aspect in preventing and controlling colorectal cancer. In recent years, researches have been conducted on the risk of colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in the population after screening. At the same time, various organizations in Europe and the United States have continuously updated colonoscopy surveillance after screening and polypectomy based on the latest research evidence. In this review, we summarized the current progress of studies on colorectal cancer risk in post-screening colorectal cancer populations and the key points of relevant guideline updates, in order to provide a reference for conducting relevant studies and formulating surveillance guidelines or consensus in China.