Objective To investigate the intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) planning optimization method to reduce the additional dose resulting from megavoltage cone-beam CT (MVCBCT) imaging for nasopharyngeal carcinoma IMRT treatment. Methods MVCBCT images collection process was simulated using XiO treatment planning system. The mean doses of MVCBCT ( DMVCBCT ) were calculated in gross tumor volume ( GTV), clinical target volume ( CTV ) and risk at organ or tissue using 27. 4 cm× 27.4 cm portal radiation 8 MU,5 MU (A,C) and 27.4 cm× 15.0 cm portal radiation 8 MU,5 MU (B,D). The dose correct factor of MVCBCT (CFMVCBCT) according to IMRT TPS and DMVCBCT ,but CFMVCBCT plus MVCBCT imaging process for radiotherapy planning optimization. The paired t-test was play for A∶ B,C∶ D,A∶ C,B∶ D of DMVCBCT. Results The DMVCBCT and CFMVCBCT of A, B, C, D were 7. 78,5. 78,4. 88,3.55 cGy ( A∶ C, t =24.41,P＜0.01) and 0.993 -0.997 in GTV,with 7.88,6.95,4.88,4.38 cGy (A∶ B,A∶ C,B∶ C,t=3. 85, -31.82, -8.52, all P＜0. 01) and 0.992 -0.996 in CTV1 ,with 8.28,6.67,5. 17,4. 17 cGy (A ∶B,A∶C,B∶C,B∶D,t=6.41 -18.24,all P＜0. 01) and 0.991 -0.996 in CTV2;with 6.88,5.00,4.28,3. 50 cGy ( A∶ B, A∶ C,t = 2. 83,11.03, all P ＜ 0. 05 ) and 0. 989 - 0. 995 in spinal cord, with 7.88,7. 38,4. 95,4. 62 cGy and 0. 984 -0. 990 in left parotid, with 8. 67,0. 28,5. 33,0. 28 cGy and 0. 963 -0. 999 in left optic nerve,with 9. 17,0.22,5.72,0. 17 cGy and 0.821 -0.997 in left eye lens,with 6.95,2. 17,4. 38,1.38 cGy and 0. 987 -0. 997 in brain stem, with 7.78,0.45,4. 95,0. 28 cGy and 0. 978 -0. 999 ( A ∶ B,A∶ C,B∶ C,B∶ D for five organ or tissue,t =5. 06 -335. 16 ,all P ＜0. 01 ) in optic chiasm. Conclusions The MVCBCT imaging process resulted in radiation doses to patient. The impact of MVCBCT image acquired dose on IMRT treatment plan for NPC was eliminated by a compensation method.

Objective·To investigate the effects of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) on neonatal rat alveolar arrest induced by intra-amniotic injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods·A neonatal SD rat model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) was constructed by intra-amniotic injection of LPS in pregnant rats. The pregnant rats (E19) were randomly assigned to Saline group, LPS group and LPS+anti-IL-1β group. The lungs of the neonatal rats were randomly collected 1, 3 and 7 days after birth. Pathological changes in the lungs were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (H-E) staining, and expression of IL-1β mRNA and protein was detected by real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. Rat bone marrow derived primary macrophage was cultured in vitro, and given LPS intervention, then genes related with IL-1β were detected through whole transcriptome sequencing. Results·Compared with the Saline group, the alveolar counts and secondary septa counts significantly decreased, and mean liner intercept significantly increased in LPS group. Moreover, the expression of IL-1β mRNA and protein in lungs significantly increased in LPS group. The LPS-induced pathological changes of lung tissues in neonatal rats were improved by anti-IL-1β. LPS could up-regulate the expression of genes including Gbp5, Ccl3, Nod2, Ccr5, Mefv, Casp4 and Ifnar1, but down-regulate Lgals9 and Gstp1. Among these genes Gbp5, Ccl3, Nod2, Ccr5, Casp4, Ifnar1 and Lgals9 could positively regulate IL-1βproduction. Conclusion·LPS can induce alveolar arrest through up-regulating the expression of IL-1β in macrophages in neonatal rat BPD model. Whole transcriptome sequencing reveals that LPS can regulate the expression of IL-1β in macrophages through several paths.

The structures of DICOM image and BMP image are introduced through the analyses of them and DICOM standard.The method of translating DICOM image into BMP one is also presented.

Objective To detect the levels of plasma gelsolin(GSN),vitamin D binding protein(VDBP)and coagulation?related parameters in peripheral blood between pre?eclampsia,then analyze their relationships with the onset or development of pre?eclampsia. Methods A total of 30 women with severe pre?eclampsia(SPE)and 30 women with mild pre?eclampsia(MPE)were enrolled for the study and randomly chosen as trial group. 30 normal pregnancies with matching gestational ages were selected as control group?1 and 30 normal full?term pregnancies were randomly chosen as control group?2. The levels of GSN,VDBP,platelet(PLT),prothrombin time(PT),thrombin time(TT),activated partial thromboplas?tin time(APTT),fibrinogen(FIB),and D?dimer were compared between those groups. Results The levels of GSN,VDBP and PLT,PT,APTT, FIB in SPE group were significantly lower than that of MPE group(P<0.05),and the level of D?dimer was significantly higher(P<0.05). In healthy pregnant women between control group?1 and control group?2,GSN fell during gestational weeks,with a concomitant rise in VDBP with no significance(P>0.05). There were no statistical difference among all the levels of coagulation?related parameters in healthy pregnant women(P>0.05). Conclusion GSN and VDBP levels in pre?eclampsia are significantly lower than that of normal pregnant women,along with pathological hy?percoagulative state,and which are related to severity of disease.

Objective To synthesize a photoacoustic contrast agent loaded with gold nanorod and liquid perflurocarbon which was used to observe its photoacoustic imaging in vitro,and then investigate the variation of the photoacoustic signal during and after the vaporization.Methods The PLGA nanoparticle (GNP)loaded with gold nanorod(GNR) and liquid perflurocarbon was synthesized via double emulsion technology.The experiments were divided into three groups:1)GNP group:PLGA nanoparticle loaded with gold nanorod and liquid perflurocarbon; 2) GNR group:gold nanorod ; 3) control group:PLGA nanoparticle unloaded with gold nanorod.A pulsed laser system was used to trigger the three samples.The photoacoustic image and time-signal intensity kinetics were acquired by the photoacoustic microscope.The optical microscope was used to observe the image after the vaporization.Results The gold nanoparticle was successfully prepared,the average size of the gold nanoparticle was 504.9 nm.after triggered by the pulsed laser system,the vaporized image of the GNP group could be observed by the optical microscope.The photoacoustic signal was detected in both GNP and GNR groups,and the signal intensity increased along with the concentration of the GNR.However,the photoacoustic signal of PLGA group was not detected.The photoacoustic signal kinetics of GNP group showed a descending trend from high signal amplitude to steadystate.The GNR group photoacoustic signal kinetics only showed a steady-state signal amplitude.Conclusions The PLGA nanoparticle loaded with gold nanorod and liquid perflurocarbon emerged a phase transient which produces a strong photoacoustic signal after triggered by pulsed laser system.This kind of phenomenon leads the nanoparticle to be a better photoacoustic contrast agent and lays a foundation for in vivo research and photothermal therapy in vivo.

Objective To explore the relationships among pulmonary function,DVH and acute radiation pneumonitis after three-dimensional conformal radiation treatment in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.MethodsPulmonary function tests were conducted on 68 inoperable patients (male 42,female 26,median age 52,KPS≥80) before and after three months radiotherapy respectively.After 3 months of follow-up,radiation pneumonitis were graded,and V20,V30 and MLD were derived from dose volume histogram (DVH).ResultsAll patients were treated with radiotherapy at the irradiation dose of 60～70Gy.Acute radiation pneumonitis occurred in 24 patients with 11 Grade Ⅰ,7 Grade Ⅱ,3 Grade Ⅲ,3 Grade Ⅳ.There were no significant difference between the pre-irradiation and the three months after irradiation for FVC (P＞0.05).But there were significant different between pre-irradiation and three months after irradiation for FEV1.0 and DLCO (P＜0.05).V20,V30 and MLD were observed in patients treated with high radiation pneumonitis.ConclusionsThere were close relationships among pulmonary function,DVH and radiation pneumonitis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Objective To observe the prognostic factors of functional outcome of patients with cerebral infraction treated in stroke unit.Methods The data of patients with cerebral infractions treated in stroke unit in our hospital were prospectively collected from April 2004 to December 2005 continuously.All the patients They were fol lowed up either by their regular visits to our outpatient clinics or by phone interview.The modified Rankin scale(mRS)score was used as the index of primary outcome.The prognostic factors of the functional outcome were analyzed by monovariate and multivariate logistic regression.Results A total of 150 cases were collected,of whom 98 were with good outcome,52 cases with poor outcome.The multivariate logistic regression showed that the poor outcome was associated with aging,previous history of stroke,high NIHSS scores,complications,and time from onset of the disease to admission to stroke unit.Conclusion The results suggested that older age,having stroke history,higher NIHSS total scores,having complications and delayed hospitalized time were influence factors to functional outcome of cerebral infractions in stroke unit.

Objective:To obtain the prokaryotic expression product for the group 6 allergen of Dermatophagoides farine ( Der f 6) and detect its IgE-binding rates with sera from asthmatic children. Methods: By enzyme digestion of pET28a (+)-Der f 6 with BamHⅠ plus XhoⅠ,the target gene Der f 6 was obtained and linked into the vector pET32a (+) to construct the recombinant plasmid pET32a(+)-Der f 6, which was then transfected into E. coli BL21 cells for expression, induced with isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside ( IPTG) ,purified by affinity chromatography and identified by SDS-PAGE,Western blot and AMLDI-TOF,and tested by ELISA for IgE reactivity with sera from asthmatic children. Results:The plasmids pET32a(+)-Der f 6 were constructed,transformed into E. coli BL21 and expressed successfully. SDS-PAGE of the purification product showed a specific band,Western blot showed the successful binding between the purification product and the His-tag in the plasmids,and MALDI-TOF/TOF identified the identical structure to the allergen Der f 6. Using the ELISA method developed with the recombinant proteins as coating antigen,the positive rate was 41. 3% (19/46) in asthmatic children allergic to dust mite. Conclusion: The plasmids pET32a (+)-Der f 6 were constructed successfully,expressed in E. coli BL 21 (DE3). The recombinant fusion protein has a good reactivity with sera from asthmatic children.

Objective This paper was to study the absorption and metabolism differences of intestine and liver for multicomponent licorice.Methods The components were identified with the UPLC-MS/MS. In situ closed-loop method was used to carry out the comparative experiments of absorption and metabolism differences between intestine and liver.Results 13 components were identified by UPLC-MS/MS. The absorption and metabolism results indicated some components in licorice water extract could be absorbed into blood and metabolism happened during this process. 14 metabolites were detected in the plasma sample. The hepatic metabolism results indicated many components could experience complex metabolism and more metabolites could be generated.Conclusions Liver was the major metabolism organ for licorice water extract and some components could be metabolized along with the absorption process in intestine. The absorption and metabolism differences between intestine and liver were significant.

Objective:To compare structure and function of mite Der f 3,Der p 3 and Eur m 3.Methods: Obtained mite allergens amino acid sequences from the International Union of Immunological Societies nomenclature database .Then physiochemical characterization,sequence alignment,secondary structure,three dimensional (3D) structure and epitopes of three proteins were analyzed by bioinformatics methods.Results:According to results of alignment ,Der f 3,Der p 3 and Eur m 3 displayed 88.51%sequence iden-tity.Der f 3,Der p 3 and Eur m 3 all contained three active sites and two trypsin functional domains ,which showed high identity of amino acid residues.Active sites of three proteins ,which closing to each other in three dimensional (3D) structure,constituting the active center of the enzyme.Secondary and 3D structure of three proteins all contains α-helices,β-sheets and random coils.Epitopes analysis revealed that Der f 3,Der p 3 and Eur m 3 all have 5 main potential epitopes located in random coils.Epitope sequences of Der f 3,Der p 3 and Eur m 3 overlapping in three domains (peptides of 79-81aa,129-135aa and 172-174aa),but the residues in these three domains were not identical.Conclusion:These studies lay the foundation for biochemical and genetic analysis of these 3 allergens,and may contribute to vaccine development for allergen-specific immunotherapy.