Point of care testing(POCT)is undergoing tremendous change in recent years driven by biotechnology and laboratory medicine.Attributed to its high performance,rapidity,convenience and instantaneity,POCT has been widely used in more and more fields.In this article,the categories,principles and applications of POCT in current military operations,disasters and emergency responses are elaborated.Furthermore,the future dcvelopment trends of military and emergency responses POCT are discussed.

Objective To design a micro-traumatic way that can correct the elbow valgus or varus deformity in children. Methods Thirty-eight cases were treated with the self-made Kirschner with saw, the diameter of 1.5 mm. To observe and analyse the clinical effect in the healing of the bone, the improvement of the carrying angle, the function of the elbow and the complications. Results All the patients were followed up 6 months to 3 years.The areas of the cut bone healed without injuries of nerve, vascular and epiphysis. The carrying angle recovered from 8° to 15° (mean 13.5°). During the follow-up, there were no lost of the carrying angle and no herniation of external condyle of humerus and no statistical difference in appearance.According to Cassebaum marking standard, there were 29 cases excellent,8 cases good, 1 case fair, with good rate of 97.37%(37/38). Conclusions The new technique is micro-traumatic,safe and easy to operate.It is an ideal treating method and worthy of clinical application.

Salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma is one of the most common malignant salivary gland tumors.Its invasion and metastasis are multi-stage and multifactorial processes,in which complex mechanisms and multiple signaling pathways are involved.Here,this article reviews the research progress in signaling pathways of salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the expression of SARS-CoV (IgG) in the serum of hospitalized children who were not suffering from SARS, and retrospectively evaluate the difference of generation of the antibody between the children and adults. Methods Serum samples were collected from 85 hospitalized children, 500 health-check adults, 976 hospitalized adults, and 156 adults recovered from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and SARS-CoV (IgG) in the specimens was determined by ELISA and biologic chip. Results The level of serum SARS-CoV (IgG) in childhood patients was significantly higher than that in adult patients (17.6% vs 6.3%, P

Objective To investigate the way of fear conditioning memory model evoked and erased by foot-shock in tree shrew. Methods First, detect the tree shrew activities regularly in light/dark box. Second, test a suitable voltage degree of foot shock on tree shrew. Third, investigate the memory formation and erasing of fear conditioning on tree shrew of trial group. Results The duration of tree shrew (n=4) stay in the dark-box was significantly lon-ger than that of in the light box (P<0. 01) in normal condition. In the same environment of two light boxes, given different voltage degrees, the durations of tree shrew (n=6) stay in the stimulating chamber gradually reduced and the durations of tree shrew stay had significant difference between stimulatus chamber and no stimulatus chamber when the stimulus voltage up to 12 V ( P<0. 05 ) , 16 V ( P<0. 01 ) and 20 V ( P<0. 01 ) . The animal of trial group ( n=4 ) could build up the fear conditioning memory of the dark box with the stimulus of 16 V foot-shock in the dark box ( P<0. 001 ) . After formation of the fear conditioning memory, the same stimulus in light box ap-peared for 4 days. The durations of tree shrew stay in trial group (n=4) decreased in light box, and there was no significant difference between the trial group and the control group. Conclusion Tree shrew prefers to stay in the dark box. The suitable voltage for foot-shock on tree shrew is 16 V. The fear conditioning memory can be evoked and erased by foot-shock.

Objective To investigate p38 MAPK signal transduction pathway of cytokine release in co-culture of BEAS-2B cells and eosinophils.Methods Eosinophils in human peripheral blood were isolated using anti-CD16 magnetic micro beads.Co-culture of BEAS-2B cells and eosinophils was taken as experimental model to investigate the inhibitive effect of SB 203580,a selective inhibitor of p38 MAPK,on release of IL-6,IL-8,IP-10 and MIG in culture supernatant.IL-6 was determined by ELISA kit and IL-8,IP-10 and MIG were measured using cytometric bead array(CBA)kit.Results SB 203580 could inhibit IL-6 and IL-8 release from BEAS-2B cells(P

Obsjective To investigate the effect of signal transduction pathway of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p38MAPK) in epithelial cells activated by eosinophils on the expression and release of inflammatory mediators during co-culturing of two types of cells.Methods Eosinophils were isolated from human peripheral blood with magnetic micro beads conjugated CD16 antibody,LS separation column and magnetic cell sorting system(MCSS);The proteins of phospho-p38 MAPK and phospho-ATF-2 in BEAS-2B cells were analyzed by Western blot and enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay(ELISA);The activity of phospho-p38MAPK was assayed by micro-bead Immunoprecipitatioin assay and Western blot.Results The interaction of eosinophils and BEAS-2B cells in co-culturing was found to elevate the protein expression and the activity of phospho-p38 MAPK in BEAS-2B cells;Phosphorylation of ATF-2 protein,a transcription factor that could regulate genes to express in cells and a substrate of phospho-p38 MAPK in the cascades of p38 MAPK signal transduction pathway was increased and it could be effectively suppressed by SB 203580,a selective inhibitor of p38 MAPK;eosinophils fixed with paraformaldehyde could also activate BEAS-2B cells to increase the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK protein.Conclusion To summarize the above results,it is showed that BEAS-2B cells activated by co-culturing with eosinophils to express and release inflammatory mediators are,at least partly,regulated by p38 MAPK signal transduction pathway.

Objective In order to understand the mechanisms beyond lipid regulation of 3 hydroxy 3 methyl glutaryl coenzyme A(HMG CoA) reductase inhibitors in anti atherosclerosis, we observed the influence of pravastatin on the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic lesions and the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) 1 in aortic wall of the apoE deficient mice. Methods Pravastatin(10 mg?kg?d -1 ) was fed to 10 , 20 , and 30 week old male apoE deficient mice respectively for 4 weeks. The atherosclerotic plaque size and the ratio of plaque area to aortic luminal area (PA/LA) were determined by histochemical staining and analyzed quantitatively. The expression of ICAM 1 in aortic wall of apoE deficient mice was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results Compared with controls, pravastatin delayed the plaque formation in apoE deficient mice 〔(161 786 1?38 041 2) ?m 2 vs (99 127 9?13 600 3) ?m 2, P

Objectives To investigate antimicrobial resistance and beta-lactamase production of Moraxella catarrhalis isolates from respiratory tract in children and to understand the characteristics of BRO beta-lactamase gene. Methods From June 2011 to Sep-tember 2012, 401 Moraxella catarrhalis isolates were obtained from respiratory tract in children. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of commonly-used antibiotics were determined by microbroth dilution assay, and beta-lactamase production was detected by Nitroceifn disk test. PCR combining restriction endonuclease analysis was employed to do the BRO genotyping. Results 96.5%iso-lates were beta-lactamase positive (387/401), MIC (MIC50/MIC90) values and resistant rates of beta-lactamase producing isolates were higher than those of non beta-lactamase producing isolates for ampicillin, cefaclor and cefuroxime (P<0.05). The positive rate of BRO gene was 99.2%in beta-lactamase producing isolates (384/387), consisting of 93.0%BRO-1 isolates and 7.0%BRO-2 isolates. MIC50 and MIC90 values of BRO-1+isolates were higher than those of BRO-2+isolates for ampicillin, cefaclor, cefuroxime and azithromycin. Conclusions The beta-lactamase production rate is high in Moraxella catarrhalis isolates from respiratory tract in children. BRO-1 type was the dominant genotype of beta-lactamase producing isolates, having more inlfuence than BRO-2 type in the inlfuence on some beta-lactams and macrolides.

Objective Puerarin can remove inflammatory mediators, but the underlying mechanisms are not yet clear.The purpose of this study is to observe the synthesis of IL-6 in co-cultured bronchial epithelial (Beas-2B) and neutrophil cells, and to investigate the inhibitory effect of puerarin on IL-6.Methods Beas-2B and neutrophil cells were extracted and divided into six groups: neutrophil cells cultured alone (NC), Beas-2B cells cultured alone (BC), Beas-2B and neutrophil cells co-cultured (BC+NC), and Beas-2B and neutrophil cells co-cultured with puerarin at 50 μg/mL (BC+NC+P50), 100 μg/mL (BC+NC+P100) and 200 μg/mL (BC+NC+P200).The concentrations of IL-6 in different groups were quantitatively measured by ELISA and the expression of the IL-6 gene detected by real-time PCR.Results After 18 hours of culturing, the concentration of IL-6 was significantly increased in the BC+NC group ([280.409±21.340] pg/mL) as compared with those in BC ([240.002±23.727] pg/mL), NC ([22.771±1.146] pg/mL), BC+NC+P50 ([244.205±9.335] pg/mL), BC+NC+P100 ([218.168±18.635] pg/mL), and BC+NC+P200 ([179.539±7.340] pg/mL) (P<0.05), but lower in the BC+NC+P200 than in the BC+NC+P50 and BC+NC+P100 groups (P<0.05).The expression of the IL-6 gene was markedly up-regulated in the BC+NC group (1.515±0.013) in comparison with those in BC (1.000±0.215), BC+NC+P50 (0.398±0.024), BC+NC+P100 (0.332±0.016), and BC+NC+P200 (0.306±0.015) (P<0.05), but lower in the BC+NC+P200 than in the BC and BC+NC+P50 groups (P<0.05).Conclusion Direct-contact co-culture of Beas-2B and neutrophil cells significantly enhances the synthesis and release of the inflammatory mediator IL-6, which can be inhibited by puerarin.