Influenza (simply as the flu) , a kind of acute respiratory infection, is a common contagious disease in human, wild birds, swine, horse and other fowls. Its onset is soon, infects quickly and spreading wide. It is a serious risk to people's life. There have been epidemic records of influenza in each century since the 6th century, among which the 1918's caused the most severe consequence. This article reviews naming and classification of flu, epidemic history of flu, avian influenza and swine influenza. The progress in diagnosis, treatment and prevention on flu are also described. The main purpose of this paper is to profoundly reconsider the relationship between human and nature, human and animal as well as human and environment. We need to work hard to reach an ideal harmonious state.

Influenza (simply as the flu),a kind of acute respiratory infection,is a common contagious disease in human,wild birds,swine,horse and other fowls. Its onset is soon,infects quickly and spreading wide. It is a serious risk to people's life. There have been epidemic records of influenza in each century since the 6th century,among which the 1918's caused the most severe consequence. This article reviews naming and classification of flu,epidemic history of flu,avian influenza and swine influenza. The progress in diagnosis,treatment and prevention on flu are also described. The main purpose of this paper is to profoundly reconsider the relationship between human and nature,human and animal as well as human and environment. We need to work hard to reach an ideal harmonious state.

Child ; Humans ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; diagnosis ; therapy

Child ; Humans ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial

Humans ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; diagnosis

Evidence-Based Medicine ; Humans ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; drug therapy ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal ; drug therapy

Rat with amputation operation stress possessed a decline of NK activity and splenocyte pro-liferation to mitogen ConA.Amygdaloid nuclei lesion could antagonize the decrease of those ofcell-mediated immunity.Further results showed that serum corticosterone and methionine-enkephahn was high in stress' rats.Amugdaloid Nuclei lesion could antagonize the increase ofserum corticosterone level,but seem no dffeet on serum methionine-enkephalin level,thereforesuggesting that it is related to ratio of corticosterone to enkephalin changed by decrease of corti-costerone that amygdaloid neuclei lesion antagonized the decline of immunogical function inducedby stress.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between carotid artery plagues and the clinical risk factors in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 by observing the ultrasonic characteristics of carotid atherosclerosis plagues.Methods The ultrasound results of carotid arteries in 665 patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 from January 2009 to December 2011 in Beijing Amery General Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.The location and quantity of carotid atherosclerotic plaques were observed .The relationship between the occurrence and risk factors of diabetes such as hypertension ,family history of diabetes and age were analyzed.Single factor and multi-factor analysis were applied for the related risk factors .Results The ultrasonography showed 405 cases of carotid artery plaques.Most carotid artery plaques were located in the posterior wall of carotid sinus and were hyperechoic ,hypoechoic or isoechoic.The single factor analysis showed hypertension,family history of diabetes and age are risk factors of carotid atherosclerosis (χ2 =42.322,9.682 and 140.658,all P<0.01).Multi-factor logistic regression analysis showed age was an independent risk factor of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2.The risk factors scores of patients who were less than 45 years,45-65 years and over 65 years of age were (3.50 ±1.16)scores,(3.46 ±0. 92)scores and (3.21 ±0.88)scores,and the difference was statistically significant (F=5.781,P<0.001). There were significant differences between risk factors scores of different age groups ( t =2.084,2.002, 3.786,3.474,2.877 and 2.504,all P<0.05).In patients more than 65 years of age,the risk of atherosclerosis plaques is 28.732 times higher than that of patients less than 45 years of age.After controlling the age factor,the possibility of atherosclerosis plaque increased 1.201 times for each additional one point of score. Conclusions Most carotid artery plaques in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 are located in the posterior wall of carotid sinus and are hyperechoic ,hypoechoic or isoechoic.Age is an independent risk factor for the formation of carotid plaque.Patients more than 45 years of age should undergo early intervention to avoid the occurrence of major vascular complications .

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Urticaria ; therapy ; Young Adult

[Objective]To assess the protective effects of Xianlinggubao on articular cartilage and subchondral bone in experimental osteoarthritis induced by anterior cruciate ligament transaction (ACLT)in rabbits. [Methods]Thirty healthy Japanese white rabbits were divided randomly into three groups:sham group,ACLT+XLGB group and ACLT+ NS group. Rabbits in ACLT+XLGB group and ACLT+NS group received anterior cruciate ligament transection(ACLT)on the right knee. Rabbits in sham group received untreatment as control. ACLT+XLGB group received a daily administration of XLGB at a dose of 125 mg/kg of body weight for 6 weeks.In contrast,ACLT+NS group received saline at the same dose. All rabbits were sacrificed at 6 weeks after operation. The right femora were removed,measured for bone mineral density (BMD),and then were observed for the macro-pathologic changes with HE staining and graded by Mankin's scale. Expression levels of BMP-2 and MMP-13 were detected by immunostaining. The subchondral bone of right tibial plateau was cut and stained for the measurement of bone histomorphometry.[Results](1)The Mankin's score in ACLT+ XLGB group was significantly lower than that in ACLT+ NS group (P