Status epilepticus (SE) is one of the most common neurologic emergencies and can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality if not treated promptly and aggressively.Actively,quickly and effectively controlling seizures is the key to save patient's life and improve the prognosis,which is particularly important in children.The status epilepticus is currently most recognized as:a single epileptic seizure lasting for more than 5 minutes during each seizure,or more than 2 episodes,with interictal neurological function that can not return to normal baseline.In 2015,ILAE updated the new definition of SE,which redefined the time of onset to diagnose SE and also redefined the time of onset to cause damage to brain.The new definition made clinical treatment more active and positive,and reduced the incidence of complications and sequelae.The purpose of this article is to summarize the definition,etiology,classification,physiopathologic mechanism,treatment and prognosis of SE.Also we review the published reports to provide the reference for early clinical diagnosis and standard treatment of SE.

The teaching of Neurology is a emphasis and difficulty in clinical teaching.In the present article,we summarized some experiences of how to improve the teaching quality of Neurology.

Many details concerning the interventional diagnosis and therapy of thyroid disease need to be studied deeply and carefully; for example, the thyroid applied anatomy, especially the anatomical imageology study of the thyroid arterial anastomosis involving the therapeutic effects and complications, the thyroid artery embolization treatment, presently as a substitution or the supplement therapy for the traditional classical therapy of Graves disease. There are many exploration to extend the indication scope, the therapeutic effect, embolization scope in intervention for Graves disease due to having no accurate individual quantification standard, and so on. The thyroid arterial embolization for Graves disease is to reduce the main cause of thyroxin secretion. Simultaneously, the comprehensive therapeutic effects might have possibly produce the thyroidcytic apoptosis and immune adjustments. Serious complications such as the cerebral infarction, the hyperthyroidism crisis, the hypocalcemia, the periodic paralysis, and so on commonly occured in thyroid arterial embolization. It is necessary to keep strictly the procedure rule and the indication. The mid-and long-term therapeutic effect of thyroid artery embolization for Graves disease is good, but still need more extensive and prudent research for the prospective achievement.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the plasma homocysteine(Hcy) level and the plaque and its degree of the carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) in elderly patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI).Methods 93 definit ACI patients recieved the colour Doppler ultrasonograph to detect the intima-media thickness (IMT) of bilateral carotid arteries. Then, the patients were divided into group with CAS plaque(60 cases) and group without CAS plaque(33 cases) according to the result of the detection. Also the degree of CAS were divided to 0～4 levels. The concentration of plasma Hcy of all the patients were measured by enzymatic cycling assay. The correlation analysis was made between plasma Hcy levels and the CAS plaque and the degree of CAS.Results The concentration of plasma Hcy in the group with CAS plaque[18.83 (15.20～24.03)?mol/L] was significantly higher than that in group without CAS plaque[12.30 (9.70～15.10) ?mol/L](P

Objective To find out the prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) and population iodine nutritional status,and to evaluate the intervention effect of iodized salt during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period,and to provide a scientific basis for adjusting the intervention programs.Methods One town was selected respectively from the east,the west,the south,the north and the central of the entire city,4 villages were selected from each town,15 residents were selected to determine iodide content by quantitative detection;1 primary school was selected respectively from those 5 chosen towns,40 subjects aged from 8 to 10 years old (half male and half female) in each school were selected to collect urine samples for determination of urinary iodine,and to detect the volume of thyroid by palpation;20 pregnant women were chosen respectively from those 5 towns to detect their urinary iodine content and to determine iodine content of their salt samples,10 pregnant women were selected to investigate their healthy knowledge.Results A total of 300 samples of edible salt were tested,the median of salt iodine was 21.2 mg/kg,coverage rate of iodized salt was 97.7％ (293/300),the consumption rate of eligible iodized salt at household level was 90.3％ (271/300);the median of urinary iodine level was 232.4 μg/L in 200 8-10 years old chindren;232.9 μg/L in 100 pregnant women;the prevalence rate of goiter in children aged 8-10 was 3.0％ (6/200);the healthy knowledge rate of pregnant women was 82.0％ (41/50).Conclusions During the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period,Zaoyang has achieved the stage of elimination of IDD,but the situation of iodine nutritionrich children and the iodine nutrition-lack pregnant women are still exist.Therefore,we still need to strengthen the salt market management and insist to spread the knowledge of IDD,to eliminate the non-iodized salt from the market,and to ensure all people in appropriate iodine nutrition.

Objective To investigate the prevention and treatment of delayed transverse myelitis caused by radiotherapy in patients with thoracic esophageal carcinoma . Methods Radical radiotherapy had been given to five patients (female 3,male 2) with thoracic esophageal carcinoma with delayed transverse myelitis developed 7 to 30 months after radiotherapy without any local recurrence.The study was done in an attempt to describe the clinical symptoms and signs.Analysis of causes was done to seek possible means of treatment and prevention.Results Once delayed transverse myelitis had happened,it was not possible to cure. In this group, four patients died 1-2 years after myelopathy had accurred , and one was alive with functional neurologic loss. Conclusions Delayed transverse myelitis is an uncommon and serious complication induced by irradiation. It is very difficult to manage and indicates a very poor prognosis. We recommend prucise radiation design and prudent performance for prevention.

As a common disease in orthopedics,osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) frequently occurs among young and middle-aged people.Hip joint preserving surgery has attracted more and more attention due to the fact that artificial joint prosthesis has a certain useful life and the rate of hip joint revision is high and the higher risk of many complications.There are a large number of operative methods for preserving hip joint in clinical practice without definitive curative effects.Core decompression and impaction bone grafting with simple operative methods can relieve internal pressure of femoral head and pain symptoms,but they cannot remove necrotic bone completely.Hence,they are only used for ONFH in the early stage.Vascularized bone transplantation can fill defects of the former,as it can not only completely remove necrotic bone,but also provide bone graft with nourishing vessels for femoral head,being beneficial to reconstruct the bone structure of femoral head.Subsequently,the application of tantalum rod can provide mechanical support for femoral head to prevent the collapse of femoral head.The emergence of stem cell transplantation has created a new approach to preserve hip joint for ONFH,which promotes the regeneration of bone cells and assists femoral head in repair,often combined with other operative methods and using characteristics of superior proliferation and differentiation of stem cells.Hip joint preserving surgery,in recent years,has been performed increasingly,and has obtained improvement in clinical effects.The multiple combination of a variety of its operative methods provides more effective treatments for ONFH.It is an essential notion that hip joint preserving surgery,however with any operative method,should as far as possible select a surgical plan with little trauma,simple methods and little injury to bone structure of hip joint based on ensuring the efficacy.

Objective The study is mainly on the effect and outcome of 131 I treatment for children and adolescents with differentiated thyroid cancer .Methods We compared the difference between rhTSH -aided ra-dioiodine treatment and L -thyroxin withdrawal .Our study collected 87 patients in a retrospective study .In order to analysis the effect,we divided into two groups.The experimental group has 46 patients,and control check has 41 patients.We compared the basic characteristics and mortality in different groups by χ2 -test,t-test and F-test based on data type .Results The thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations of experimental group patients have significant differences in the first ,the third and the sixth day after the injected of rhTSH ,the third day is the highest.The TSH concentration has significant difference between the two groups before 131I treatment(t=2.362, P=0.023).For the Tg(thyrobolulin)negative patients,Tg concentration in control check is higher than the third day after injected of rhTSH in the experiment group (1.5 ±1.2 vs.0.7 ±1.4,P=0.034).Whole body image has been done by scintigraphic after 3~8 months of 131I treatment.Thirty four(84%)patients have no radioiodine up-take in experiment group,and 40(87%)patients have no radioiodine uptake in control check ,there is no differ-ence between the two groups (χ2 =0.277,P=0.599).There is no difference between the two groups on the rea-son for retreatment(P=0.875).Conclusion The outcome of rhTSH -aided radioiodine treatment is similar to L-thyroxin withdrawal in short -term recurrences ,and rhTSH-aided radioiodine treatment with 131 I therapy for children and adolescents with DTC is a better method .

Objective To explore the molecular mechanism of osteoblast apoptosis mediated by glucocorticoid, provide experimental basis for clinical prevention and treatment of hormonal necrosis of femoral-head.Methods The MC3T3-E1 cells were divided into control group and three treatment group treated with different concentrations of dexamethasone (1, 10, 100μmol/L) for 24 hours.The apoptosis rate detected by TUNEL, the mitochondrial transmembrane electric potential after JC-1 staining by flow cytometry, the expression of Bax, Bcl-2 in mitochondrion and Cyt-C, apoptosis inducing factor ( AIF) in cytoplasm by Western blot.ResuIts With the increasing of Dex concentration, the rate of osteoblast apoptosis was significantly increased(F(3,28) =159.0,P=0.000), the positive cell rate of JC-1 stainning was significantly increased(F(3,28) =499.5,P=0.000), the expression of Bax(F(3,28) =17.4,P=0.000)in mitochondrion and Cyt-C(F(3,28) =22.4,P=0.000), AIF(F(3,28) =42.61,P=0.000)in cytoplasm were significantly increased.There were statistically significant difference of above indexes between control group and each experimental group(P<0.05).But there were no significant differences of Bcl-2 in mitochondrion among five groups(F(3,28) =0.62,P=0.607).ConcIusion Dexamethasone increases expression of Bax in mitochondrion, prompts mitochondrial permeability transition pore ( MPTP ) to be over-openning, induces apoptosis in osteoblast via a mitochondria-mediated pathway.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and side effects of Fufangbanmao capsules combined with FOLFOX-4 (Oxaliplatin + 5-fluorouracil /Calcium folinate) regimen in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (MCC). Methods A total of 107 patients with previously untreated MCC, who were admitted to the hospital between April 2006 and October 2008, were randomly divided into combination group (n = 54) and chemotherapy group (n = 53). In combination group, patients received Fufangbanmao capsules (750 mg twice daily) and FOLFOX4 regimen (oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 day 1, infusion of CF 200 mg/m2 for 2 hours followed by bolus 5-FU 400 mg/m2 and a 22-hour infusion of 5-FU 600 mg/m2 ). Whereas the patients in chemotherapy group were treated with FOLFOX4 regimen. Results The effective rate was 44. 4% in combination group and 37. 7% in chemotherapy group with no significant difference (P = 0. 481). The median time to progression (TTP) was 11. 6 and 7. 9 months in combination group and chemotherapy group, respectively, with significant difference (P=0. 020). The difference was found in improvement of quality of life (QOL) between combination group and chemotherapy group (57. 4% vs 32. 1 % , P=0. 008). The side effects in two groups included gastrointestinal toxicities, neuropathy, alopecia and bone marrow suppression. However, Ⅲ/Ⅳ neutropenia was significantly less in combination group(37. 0%) when compared with chemotherapy group (58. 5%, P = 0. 043). Conclusions In first-line treatment of MCC, Fufangbanmao capsules combined with FOLFOX4 regimen showed synergic and enhanced effect for improving TTP and QOL, and also reduced the incidence of neutropenia.