Persistent infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV)is associated with host immune response.CD4 +T cells play an important role in HBV-specific immune response.The restoration of HBV-specific T-cell response after antiviral therapy using nucleoside and nucleo-tide analogues is also associated with CD4 +T cells.In recent years,two new subsets of CD4 +T cells,namely regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper 17 cells (Th17 cells),have been identified and shown to be related to disease progression and liver damage in patients with persistent HBV infection.Here we primarily summarized the differentiation and function of Tregs and Th17 cells and reviewed the interaction between the two types of cells in persistent infection and their changes after clinical antiviral therapy.We hope it will be helpful to clinical immunotherapy and prognostic assessment.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease(ADPKD) is one of the most frequent inherited kidney diseases, with the incidence rate being 100-250 per 100,000. Epigenetic gene modulation and protein functions have become a focus of study for ADPKD. Evidence generated to-date indicates that one of the epigenetic modifier, histone deacetylases (HDACs), is an important regulator of ADPKD. HDACs have been involved in regulating Pkd1 gene expression. HDAC5 is the target of fiuid flow-induced calcium signal in kidney epithelial cells HDAC6 is Up-regulated in cystic epithelial calls; they can regulate ciliogenesis and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transportation through deacetylating α-tubulin and regulate Wnt Signaling through deacetylating β-catenin. HDAC inhibitors have been found to reduce cyst formation in Pkd1 conditional knockout mice and delay renal function decline n Pkd2 knockout mice, indicating a potential to serve as a new target for ADPKD therapy. This article focuses on the recent progress in research of histone deacetylation in ADPKD.

The morbidities of nervous system diseases,such as cerebrovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease,are increasing with the aging of population.As a theory and methodology,system theory plays an important role in the studies of nervous system diseases.Using the principle of system theory,this paper discusses the research methodology of nervous system diseases based on the latest advances in aetiology,diagnosis and treatment of some nervous system diseases from the integration,hiberarchy and scheduling aspects of a system.

Objective To explore the relationships between the cystoid type and the sclerous type polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS). Methods We compared the similarities and differences between the two types of PCOS by blood sex hormone measuring,laparoscopy,pathomorphology and so on in 19 patients with cystoid type PCOS,26 with sclerous type PCOS and 10 controlled age-matched non-PCOS women.Results There was no remarkable difference in the sex hormone level between the two groups of PCOS.Compared with the patients with cystoid type PCOS,the patients with sclerous type PCOS had longer course of disease,thicker ovarian tunica albuginea,more collagen,and hyperplasia medulla and stroma.Conclusion The cystoid type PCOS could develop into the sclerous type PCOS when the disease progressed.

Colorectal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Humans ; Neoplasm Staging

ve To investigate the effects of selenium and zinc on the absorption, excretion and accumu-lation of fluoride in rats. Methods The contents of fluoride in serum, excrement, urine and bone were determined in Wistar rats drinking distilled water containing 100 mg/L NaF and orally perfused jointly with 0.1 mg/(kg? d) Na2SeO3 and/or 14.8 mg/(kg?d) ZnSO4 one time per two days continuously for 90 days. Results Na2SeO3 and/or ZnSO4 could increase the concentration of fluoride in urine, decrease the concentration of fluoride in serum and the content of fluoride in bone of rats. Exposure to ZnSO4 and joint exposure to Na2SeO3 and ZnSO4 could increase the content of fluoride in excrement. Conclusion ZnSO4 could inhibit the absorption of fluoride in intestine, Na2SeO3 and /or ZnSO4 could promote the excretion of urine fluoride and restrain the accumulation of fluoride in bone of rats.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Adenoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Papillary, Follicular ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Cell Nucleus ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Thyroid Gland ; pathology ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Thyroid Nodule ; diagnosis ; Thyroiditis ; diagnosis

Different types of cervical spondylosis treated by a vartiety of operative techniques were compared with the aim at improving quality of treatment for cervical spondylosis. 1780 operations including laminectomy, open door laminoplasty, subtotoal vertebrectomy, Cloward's technique, Smith's technique, "keyhole" decompression of the intervertebral foramina, discectomy with intervertebral fusion, intervertebral fixation with titanium cage, and fixation with titanium plate. The results showed:(1)Myelopathy in 363 cases: laminectomy on 4; subtotoal vertebrectomy on 136; Cloward's technique on 201; Smith's technique on 4; intervertebral fixed with titanium on 4; discectomy with fusion on 14. 104 cases were followed up, 82 7% of them showed good and excellent recovery. (2)Myeloradiculopathy in 1106 cases: laminectomy on 3; laminoplasty on 143; subtotoal vertebrectomy on 687; Cloward's technique on 263; Smith's technique on 2; discectomy with fusion on 8. 396 cases were fouowed up, 85 6% of them showed good and excellent recovery. (3)Radiculopathy in 35 cases: posterior approach key hole decompression of the intervertebral foramina on 19; lateral approach decompression of the intervertebral foramina on 9; anterior approach decompression of the intervertebral foramina on 7. Good and excellent results reached 100%. (4)Vertebral artery compression in 9 cases: resection of the osteophyte of the uncinate processes on 5; opening of the transverse foramen on 4. The results were good. (5)Esophagus compression in 18: after removing directly the osteophyte, the symptoms disappeared. (6)Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in 93 cases: subtotal vertebrectomy on 39; laminoplasty on 45; laminectomy on 9. 41 cases were followed up, good and excellent recovery was seen in 85 3%. (7)Cervical stenosis in 156 cases: laminoplasty on 149 and laminectomy on 7. Good and excellent recovery was observed in 97 5%. All the results indicated that a variety of operative techniques could be selected depending on the site of the osteophytes. Direct resection of the lesion which produced compression and fixation or fusion of vertebral bodies were both important to achieve a satisfactory result

Though there is a great progress in research of medical ethics in China, a gap still remains between China and the developed countries now. Medical ethics committees are established one after another in many hospitals, but the level of standardization construction and ethical review level differ in thousands ways. The construction of ethical review platform on TCM can standardize the construction and investigation procedure, and can further enhance the ethical review level of medical ethics committee. Among them, institutional improvement of regulations and procedures can be acquired in short time, but the enhancement of ethical review level needs a long way to go. This article aimed to probe the thinking and methods on the enhancement of ethical review level through the practice and experience of the construction of TCM ethical review platform.