OBJECTIVE To investigate the status and risk factors of nosocomial infections in geriatric department and to lay down the intervention strategy.METHODS Prospective monitoring and retrospective investigation were carried out to analyze 218 cases of nosocomial infection in geriatric department.RESULTS The lower respiratory tract infection was the main one in geriatric department(69.4%),which was followed by urinary tract infection(22.5%).The risk factors included old ages,prolonged hospitalization,using broad spectrum antibiotics widely,severe underlying illness,invasive operating manipulation and so on.CONCLUSIONS General intervention strategy should be adopted to control the nosocomial infections in geriatric department in order to cut down the infection rate and increase the rate of curing.

Objective Multiple organ failure (MOF) has been regarded as a continuous, uncontrolled inflammatory response. Intestinal mucosal mast cells (IMMC) may be involved in MOF. Substance P (SP), one of gut peptides, is an important regulator in the neuro-endocrine-immune network. However, the effects of SP on IMMC, especially in the case of MOF, remain unclear. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of SP on IMMC in the development of MOF. Methods The rat model of MOF was established by injecting zymosan. After thirty minutes of the injection, SP was given through tail veins at the dose of 20 nmol/kg weight and 0.2 nmol/kg weight. The concentrations of histamine and tumor necrosis facfor-?(TNF-?) in plasma and intestine tissues were measured. The pathological alterations of essential organs including intestine, liver, kidney and lung were examined under light microscope. Their corresponding functions were reflected with ALT, Cr and PO 2. The ultrastructure of the IMMC was also observed under a transmission electronic microscope. Results Compared with the controlled rats, those injected with SP showed much more serious inflammatory response under light microscope. Both ALT and Cr increased by about 50%, but PO 2 decreased by about 40%. Histamine level in the intestinal tissue of the rats treated with SP remarkably decreased, whereas the plasma histamine level did not show any significant changes. The level of TNF-? was higher in the intestinal tissue of the rats treated with SP but no change in plasma, and the degranulation of IMMC under transmission electronic microscope was more obvious.Conclusions SP may trigger MOF through acting on IMMC which may release inflammatory mediators such as histamine and TNF-?.

Objective To investigate the effect of somatostatin(SST) on the activity of intestinal mucosal mast cells(IMMC) and its pathological significance in the development of multiple organ failure(MOF). Methods The rat model of MOF was established by the peritoneal injection of zymosan. Thirty minutes after the injection of zymosan, SST at 2.300 ng?kg -1 ?h -1 or 0.023 ng?kg -1 ?h -1 was injected respectively through tail veins. The concentration of histamine and tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?) in plasma and intestinal tissue were measured. The pathological alterations of essential organ including intestine, liver, kidney, lung and heart were studied under light microscope. Their corresponding functions were reflected with alanine aminotransferase (ALT), cretinine (Cr) and oxygen pressure (PO 2). In addition, the ultra structure of the IMMC was observed under a transmission electronic microscope. Results Compared with the controlled rats, the rats injected with SST (2.300 ng?kg -1 ?h -1 ) showed less serious inflammatory response under light microscope. ALT and Cr were decreased 53% and 60% respectively. However, the lung ventilation was improved and PO 2 was increased by 50%. The histamine level in the intestinal tissue from rats treated with SST remarkably increased( ( 8.60? 0.50 ) ng/g protein to ( 14.50? 1.08 ) ng/g protein), whilst the plasma histamine level did not show any significant changes. Exogeneous SST also resulted in lower level of TNF-? in intestine but no changes in plasma. Furthermore, degranulation of IMMC from the rats treated with SST was less obvious. Conclusion SST may prevent from or arrest the development of MOF through suppression of the release of inflammatory mediators, such as histamine and TNF-?.

Objective To analyze the clinical value and safety of capsule endoscopy in the digestive tract diseases.Methods 55 cases of inpatients or outpatients were given the capsule endoscopy examination.The positive detection rate and safety were observed.Results The positive detection rate was 87.3％,the diagnostic rate was 50.9％.Capsule retention in the body happened in 2 cases (1 case of small intestine space-occupying lesions,decided to take the operation,another 1 case got Crohn's disease,intestinal incomplete obstruction),the occurrence rate was 1.5％.Conclusion The capsule endoscopy make up some shortcomings of the traditional gastrointestinal endoscope,but also show some drawbacks,so improving performance of instrument of the capsule endoscopy,expanding the scope of application of capsule endoscopy will be the development direction of the capsule endoscopy in the future.

Objective:To investigate the effects of substance P(SP),somatostain(SST) and vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP) on the activation of rat intestinal mucosal mast cells(IMMC) in vitro.Methods:IMMC isolated and purified from the whole intestines of normal rats were incubated with gut peptides at various concentrations.The histamine concentration in IMMC and their supernate were determined.Furthermore,the ultrastructure of the incubated IMMC was observed under a transmission electronic microscope.Results:①The spontaneous release rate of histamine was (22.86?3.22)%.②SP significantly increased the histamine release rate from IMMC(P0.05)④At the concentration from 1?10 -1 mol/L to 1?10 -8 mol/L,the higher concentration of VIP was used,the lower histamine release rate was observed(P

Background Retinol binding protein 4(RBP4) is a novel adipokine which has been related with insulin resistance.Objective To test the hypothesis that telmisartan improves glucose and lipid metabolism may be associated with inhibiting serum RBP4 and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity in liver.Methods Thirty wistar male rats were received high fat diet to establish metabolic syndrome model and randomly to receive telmisartan [5 mg/(kg?d),n=8] or pioglitazone [20 mg/(kg?d),n=8] for 8 weeks or high-fat diet placebo(n=10).Plasma triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),fasting plasma glucose(FPG),fasting plasma insulin,serum RBP4,and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase specific enzyme activity in liver(PEPCK) were determined.Results Telmisartan improved insulin resistance and the disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism in diet-induced insulin resistance rats [HOMA-IR,telmisartan group(3.4?1.2) vs high-fat diet group:(8.3?1.1),P

·Uveitis is an inflammation of any or all parts of the uveal tract including the iris, ciliary body and the choroid. Despite current advances in diagnosis and management, visual loss occurs in 35%-45% of patients with uveitis. The etiopathogenesis of uveitis remains unknown; it may be associated with environmental and immunogenetic factors. Many studies have demonstrated polymorphisms in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes may determine involvement in uveitis. Recently polymor-phisms in non-MHC genes, including cytokine and che-mokine genes, have been reported to play important roles in the pathogenesis of uveitis. This article reviewed the advances in the studies on cytokine and chemokine gene polymorphisms associated with uveitis.

Chinese Medical therapy such as herbal treatment, acupuncture were used in rehabilitaion for spinal cord injury and proved effective. It is important to explore the advantage and disadvantage of them.

Objective To investigate the prostecdtive therapeutic efficacy of pulsed radiofrenquency and radiofrequency thermocoagulationof the Gasserian ganglion guided with spiral CT on trigeminal neuralgia. Methods 100 patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgiawere treated with pulsed radiofrenquency or radiofrequency thermocoagulation of gasserian ganglion. The numeric rating scales (NRS) ofpain were recorded before and 0.5 year, 1 year, and 2 years after treatment. Results There was no difference in NRS within 1 year, but the recurrencerate was high in the paitents accepted pulsed radiofrenquency 2 years later (P<0.01). Conclusion Pulsed radiofrenquency of thegasserian ganglion is safe and effective on trigeminal neuralgia, but poor in long-term outcome.

ObjectiveTo synthesize metal complex that exhibits superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity and determine its structure.MethodsThis chemical compound was synthesized by means of reflux in laboratory.Its structure was examined by infrared spectra (IR),nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectra(H-NMR) and mass spectra (MS).The activity of the SOD was determine by xanthine oxidase (XOD).ResultsThe IR indicted that this complex showed a typical absorption band of -OH,C=N and benzene. The H-NMR reveals the existence of metal ion manganese (Mn3+ ,paramagnetic). The molecular weight was 365, which was obtained by EI-MS analysis. And this complex showed SOD-like activity.ConclusionA metal complex with low molecular weight and SOD-like activity has been synthesized.