Object To prove the feasibility of bacterial endotoxin test (BET) in Shenmai Freeze-dried Powder Injection by interference test. Methods Interference primary screening test and interference test were conducted in BET of Shenmai Freeze-dried Powder Injection to detect whether the interference existed or not and to explore the method of removing the interference. Results There was inhibition on BET with 0.5 EU/mL tachypleus amebocyte lysate (TAL). Interference could be excluded by using 0.25 EU/mL TAL and diluting the samples. Conclusion It is feasible to use 0.25 EU/mL TAL or TAL with more sensitivity in BET of Shenmai Freeze-dried Powder Injection.

Objective Colla Corii Asini,Colla Carapacis et Plastri Testudinis,Colla Cornus Cervi,three types of plastic bead microwave process parameters were optimized in order to standardize the production of the types of plastic beads and to enhance the stability of the quality of plastic beads.Methods Using a number of quality indicators to evaluate the quality of plastic beads and orthogonal test to optimize the plastic bead process parameters.Results The microwave process parameters of Colla Corii Asini,Colla Carapacis et Plastri Testudinis,Colla Cornus Cervi,three types of plastic beads were obtained through orthogonal optimization.Conclusion Different types of plastic type drugs,different production lot, and different manufacturers of similar plastic herbs have their own optimum process parameters.L4(23) orthogonal optimization can be used to screen out the plastic type drugs rapidly.

Objective To explore rational operative methods to treat hyperextension injuries of cervical spine. Methods 47 cases of hyperextension injury of cervical spine were treated in our department from September, 2000 to October, 2004. They were followed up and analyzed retrospectively. According to the operative methods, there were 3 groups: anterior approach, posterior approach, combined approach. Their therapeutic effects were compared respectively. Results After follow- ups for 6 to 12 months, preoperative and postoperative Frankel classifications and ASIA (American Spinal Injury Association) grades were compared between the 3 groups. It was found that neural function improved significantly in the 3 groups after operation. The anterior approach and combined approach groups had significantly better outcome in neural function than the posterior approach group ( P0.05) . Conclusions Anterior decompression- graft- internal fixation is the preferred consideration to treat hyperextension injury of cervical spine, and the posterior approach is only the secondary choice. The combined approach should be carefully selected under appropriate conditions

After investigating conditions of 210 seven-year system medical students' extracurricular reading,we discovered that most medical students were rather interested in extracurricular reading,but there existed certain problems in the aspects of the arrangement of time and choice of books etc,which not only lowered the quantity of the student' extracurricular reading,but was disadvantageous to the effective display of the humanities education.Therefore,it was necessary to enhance the seven-year system medical students' extracurricular reading.

BACKGROUND:It has been recently indicated that nervous factors are able to adjust and dominate bone fracture healing. Type Ⅰ collagen is a major factor to promote the differentiation of osteoblasts and enhance the adhesion of osteoblasts; while, it is also a matrix protein for composing bone framework. Type Ⅱ collagen is derived from chondrocytes. OBJECTIVE: To study changing law of type Ⅰ and Ⅱ collagen expression during denervated bone fracture healing. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Randomized controlled anima study was performed at the Animal Laboratory and Cell Biology Laboratory, the Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA between May and December 2005. MATERIALS: Forty 3-month-year healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into fracture group (tibial fracture alone) and combination group (spinal cord injury combined with tibial fracture), with 20 rats at each group. METHODS: A φ 0.8 mm Kirschner wire was inserted into anterior border of left tibial plateau to establish tibial fracture models in the fracture group. A 0.3-cm spinal cord transection was cut at T10 segment to establish tibial fracture models with entire spinal cord injury. MAIN OUTCOME MEASRUES: Type Ⅰ and Ⅱ collagen protein expressions of callus were detected using Western blot technique in week 1, 2, 4, and 5 post-injury. RESULTS: One week after injury, type Ⅰ and Ⅱ collagen was represented in callus in the two groups, while the expressions in the combination group were significantly higher than fracture group (P<0.05); two weeks after injury, type Ⅱ collagen expression reached at the peak in the combination group, and the expression was significantly higher than the fracture group (P<0.05); four weeks after injury, type Ⅰ collagen expression reached at the peak in the fracture group, and the expression was significantly higher than the combination group (P<0.05), while type Ⅱ collagen still highly expressed in the combination group; five weeks after injury, type Ⅰ and Ⅱ collagen expressions were decreased in the two groups. CONCLUSION: Secretory law of type Ⅰ and Ⅱ collagen during denervated bone fracture healing is similar to normal bone fracture healing; however, the differences at time points, in particular expression at peak, are remarkable between them.

OBJECTIVE:To study the advantage of microwave technology in the preparation of plastic beads. METHODS:Three kinds of representative processing methods were applied to prepare Equus asinus,Colla Cornus Cervi and Colla Carapax et Plastri Testudinis. The processing methods and the quality of plastic beads were compared. RESULTS:Study results showed mic-rowave technology was superior to other processing methods in the preparation of plastic beads and quality. CONCLUSION:The microwave technology has its specific advantages in the preparation of plastic beads.

Objective:To study the effect of nerve growth factor(NGF)on bone fracture healing of inflicted T_(10)spinal cord injury(SCI)complicated with tibia fracture in rats.Methods:Totally 120 rats were randomly divided into tihia fracture group (F group,n=40),T_(10)SCI+tibia fracture group(FS group,n=40),and T_(10)SCI+tibia fracture+NGF group(FSN group,n=40).Four weeks later,the fracture sites in the 3 groups were subjected to CT scanning;the maximum transverse diameter of the fracture ends and the gray scales of non-osseous area were measured;the changes of biomechanics property of the fracture ends were determined by three-point bending test;the bone morphometry,bone density,and histomorphology of callus were determined;the expression of OCN was detected by immunohistochemical method;the osteoblast ultrastructure was observed by TEM and the expression ofⅠ,Ⅱtype collagen were examined by Western blotting.Results:The maximum transverse diameter of F group was less than those of FS group(P

Objective: To study the incidence of ventricular arrhythmia (VT) in heart failure (HF) patients after cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT-D) and identify the influencing factors for VT occurrence, to explore the impact of CRT-D shocks on mortality and the management of appropriate shocks. Methods: A total of 42 patients with successfully implanted CRT-D in our hospital from 2009-01 to 2015-04 were studied. There were 2 groups of patients: Ischemic cardiomyopathy group,n=12 including 8 patients for primary prevention and 4 for secondary prevention; Non-ischemic cardiomyopathy group,n=30 including 19 patients for primary prevention and 11 for secondary prevention. The patients with appropriate shocks received four step-wise therapy as drug, equipment parameter adjustments, revascularization and radiofrequency ablation (RA). Results: The patients in Ischemic cardiomyopathy group were followed-up for (38.1±24.0) months, 7 patients suffered from post-operative VT, 5 patients had CRT-D appropriate shocks. The patients in Non-ischemic cardiomyopathy group were followed-up for (27.5±17.8) months, 11 patients suffered from post-operative VT, 10 patients had CRT-D appropriate shocks. The occurrence rates of post-operative VT and CRT-D appropriate shocks were similar between 2 groups,P>0.05; the success rate for ATP treating VT was higher in Ischemic cardiomyopathy group (69% vs 55%),P<0.05. Cox regression analysis indicated that CRT-D as secondary prevention was the independent influencing factor for VT occurrence,P=0.001. During follow-up period, 9 patients with shocks died; the mortality in patients with shocks was higher than those without shocks (43% vs 0%),P<0.05. With four step-wise therapy, 80% patients in Ischemic cardiomyopathy group had no more shocks; with three step-wise therapy as drug, equipment parameter adjustments and RA, 90% patients in Non-ischemic cardiomyopathy group had no more shocks, 10% patients had reduced shocks. Conclusion: CRT-D as secondary prevention was the independent impact factor for post-operative VT occurrence, no matter appropriate or inappropriate shocks would elevate the risk of death in HF patients. Step-wise therapy was important to reduce appropriate shocks.

to observe the infarction volume.Nitrate reductase assay was used to detect the level of NO in brain tissue of the rats.The level of S100βin brain was detected by ELISA method.Results Compared with model group,the brain infarction volumes of the rats 24 and 72 h after cerebral ischemia reperfusion in curcumin group were significantly decreased (P<0.05).Compared with sham operation group,the NO and S100βlevels in the brain tissue 24 and 72 h after cerebral ischemia reperfusion of the rats in model group were significantly increased(P<0.05);compared with model group,the levels of NO in the brain tissue 24 and 72 h after cerebral ischemia reperfusion in curcumin group were remarkably decreased (P<0.05);compared with modee group,the level of S100βin the brain tissue 72 h after cerebral iscemia reperfusion in curcumin group was remarkably decreased (P < 0.05 ). Conclusion Curcumin can significantly reduce the degree of ischemia reperfusion injury in the rats and reduce the levels of NO and S100βin brain tissue,which suggests that the decrease of NO and S100βlevels in brain tissue may be associated with the neuroprotective effect of curcumin.

Objective To isolate and culture rats liver KCS ,and to explore the effect of IRE1-XBP1 pathway on regulation of polarization in activated Kupffer cells (KCs) .Methods (1)Rat KCs were isolated by Ⅳ type collagenase digestion and gradient cen-trifugation methods .(2)KCs were transfected and randomly divided into four groups :XBP1-shRNA group ,Ctrl-shRNA group , AdV-XBP1 group and Ctrl-AdV group .(3)The transfection level of KCs XBP1 ,IL-6 ,IFN-γ ,TNF-α and IL-17 were detected by RT-PCR ;the protein expression level of JAK1 ,JAK2 ,STAT1 and STAT3 were evaluated by Western blot .(4)The changes of KCs expression type in each group were detected by flow cytometry (FCM ) and the laser confocal .(5)T cells derived from rat spleen cells were co-cultured within the 4 groups of KCs mentioned above ;T cells proliferation was measured by Brdu labeling assay .(6)T cells apoptosis was determined by Annexin V /PI FCM analysis .(7)The density of IL-6 ,IFN-γ ,TNF-α ,IL-17 and IL-10 in the su-pernatant of co culture was assessed by ELISA .Results (1)The mRNA and protein level of XBP1 were measured by RT-PCR and western blot ,those in XBP1-shRNA group were significantly reduced compared with those in the other three groups ,while in AdV-XBP1 groups ,results demonstrated entirely the opposite tendency (P< 0 .05) .(2)The expression of marker molecules on the sur-face of KCs such as M HC Ⅱ ,CD86 and CD40 in XBP1-shRNA group were significantly lower (P< 0 .05) ,but CD204 and CD206 expression were much higher compared with the other three (P< 0 .05) .However the expression tendency of these surface markers were shown the opposite results in AdV-XBP1 group (P < 0 .05) .(3)Western blot revealed the XBP1-shRNA could statistically suppress the protein levels and phosphorylation of JAK 1 ,JAK2 ,STAT1 and STAT3 ,which involved in the pro inflammatory cyto-kines regulation and KCs polarization (P< 0 .05) .But in AdV-XBP1 group ,these protein and its phosphorylation were markedly promoted (P< 0 .05) .ELISA results collaborated with Western blot .(4)3 d after co cultured with KCs transfected with XBP1-shR-NA ,the levels of T lymphocyte proliferation and pro inflammatory cytokines secretion were significantly reduced ,but the levels of T lymphocyte apoptosis and anti inflammatory cytokines secretion were remarkably enhanced (P< 0 .05) .Conclusion Blockage of IRE1-XBP1 activation could alter the phenotype of active KCs to M 2 like type and attenuated the capacity of antigen present of KCs ,while up regulated the expression of IRE1-XBP1 pathway could change the phenotype of KCs to M 1 type plus the promotion of antigen present capacity .