Constriction, Pathologic ; Humans ; Root Canal Obturation ; methods ; Root Canal Preparation ; methods ; Tooth Apex ; anatomy & histology ; pathology ; Tooth Diseases ; pathology ; therapy

Objective To study the clinical features and the clustering of risk factors in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM),and analyze the risk factors.Methods Two hundred and three gravida were selected.According to the result of 75 g oral glucose tolerance test,they were divided into 2 groups:GDM group(134 cases) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) group (69 cases).Blood sugar,blood fat and insulin were measured,and the homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR),pancreatic islet beta cell function index (HOMA-β) and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) were calculated.The relation was analyzed between the risk factors and GDM.Results The age,progestation body mass index (BMI),fasting blood glucose,fasting insulin,total cholesterol,triglyeride,low density lipoprotein-eholesterol (LDL-C),HOMA-IR and the positive rate of diabetes mellitus family history in GDM group were significantly higher than those in NGT group [(30.8 ±4.1) years vs.(28.7 ±3.9) years,(24.29 ±3.65) kg/m2 vs.(21.35 ±2.39) kg/m2,(5.22 ±1.26) mmol/L vs.(4.33 ±0.53) mmol/L,(9.27 ±3.55) mU/L vs.(4.75 ±2.73) mU/L,(5.54 ± 1.26) mmol/L vs.(3.74 ± 1.07) mmol/L,(2.63 ± 1.43) mmol/L vs.(1.73 ± 0.76) mmol/L,(3.02 ± 0.97) mmol/L vs.(2.10 ± 0.75) mtmol/L,0.67 ± 0.47 vs.0.43 ± 0.34,40.3％ (54/134) vs.26.1％(18/69)],there were statistical differences (P＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05).The HOMA-β and ISI in GDM group were significantly lower than those in NGT group (4.62 ± 0.72 vs.5.57 ± 1.30 and-3.79 ± 0.47 vs.-2.91 ± 0.48),there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.01).Logistic regression analysis result showed that fasting blood glucose (OR =6.016,95％ CI:1.603-22.585,P =0.008),total cholesterol (OR =2.823,95％ CI:1.568-5.083,P=0.001),diabetes mellitus family history (OR =2.780,95％ CI:1.168-6.617,P=0.021),fasting insulin(OR =1.954,95％ CI:1.371-2.785,P=0.001),progestation BMI(OR =1.787,95％ CI:1.124-2.839,P =0.014),age (OR =1.374,95％ CI:1.087-1.737,P =0.008) and diastolic pressure (OR =1.184,95％ CI:1.045-1.342,P =0.008) were the risk factors of GDM.Conclusions GDM has the clinical features of the clustering of risk factors and genetic susceptibility.The disorder of lipid metabolism and glycometabolism,genetic susceptibility and age are the main risk factors in the development of GDM.

Objective To explore the risk factors of pregnancy complications in patients with gestationaldiabetesmellitus(GDM).Methods 134patientswithGDMweredividedintocontrolgroup without complication (n= 38) and complication group(n= 96).Serum fasting levels of glucose (FPG) , insulin ,lipid and C‐reactive protein (C‐RP) were measured. Both maternal and fetal complications of pregnancy were recorded. Results The levels of C‐RP ,FPG ,progestation BMI and lategestation BMI were significantly increased in complication group than in control group [(5.46 ± 4.20) vs (2.60 ± 2.76) mg/L ,(5.68 ± 1.36) vs (5.25 ± 0.77)mmol/L ,(24.79 ± 3.92) vs (23.03 ± 2.51)kg/m2 ,(29.05 ± 3.79) vs (27.25 ± 2.58)kg/m2 respectively ,P< 0.05].The C‐RP level is significantly associated with FPG.Logistic analysis showed that maternal complications were significantly related to lategestation BMI ,C‐RP , TC and HDL‐C.Infant complications were significantly related to C‐RP. Conclusion C‐RP ,lipid and late gestation BMI play important roles in the development of maternal‐neonatal complications during pregnancy. Keeping rational levels of glucose ,lipid and weight gain are helpful for improving pregnancy outcomes.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the cause and prevention experience of acquired lung infection(ALI) in neurological medicine department for patients with indwelling stomach tube.METHODS Retrospective analysis proceeded for all patients with indwelling stomach tube in recently two years.RESULTS Among 113 patients,87 patients developed hospital infection in which 57 patients with indwelling stomach tube developed ALI,that occupied 65.52% of total patients developing hospital infection.CONCLUSIONS For the patients with indwelling stomach tube,inspiration and increasing incidence of retrograde infection from stomach to pharynx and lower respiratory tract in sequence are the main causes developing ALI.In addition,the use of anti-acid drugs,the unreasonable use of antibiotics,and the patients immunity status are the related factors developing ALI.Enhancement of prevention of respiratory tract infection in neurological medicine department for patients with indwelling stomach tube would effectively decrease the incidence of infection and enhance rehabilitation.

Echocardiography plays an important role in diagnosing cardiac tumors and is helpful for subsequent treatment decision making.However,conventional echocardiography can hardly meet the clinical requirements of sufficient diagnosis,mostly due to the fact that it usually does little on identification of benign and malignant characters of tumors.Contrast echocardiography is a new technology using microbubbles as a contrast agent to trace the blood flow,which promotes the definition of endocardium lines and helps to reveal spaceoccupying abnormities in heart.Moreover,myocardial contrast echocardiography can be used to evaluate perfusions of intracardiac masses,and thus improves the accuracy of differential diagnosis enormously.

Objective To investigate and analyze the sources of work stress of nurses in and to provide guiding for reducing the work stress.Methods A total of 115 psychiatric nurses in grade Ⅱ and grade Ⅲ psychiatric hospitals were picked using convenience sampling method and surveyed basic information with Chinese Nurse Job Stressors Questionnaire.Results Sources of work stress of nurses in grade Ⅲ psychiatric hospital were scored (20.37 ±3.77) in nursing profession and work,( 17.72 ± 29.29) in workload and time allocation,(7.84 ±2.38) in working environment and resources,(28.79 ±7.21) in patients care,and ( 18.13 ±5.96) in management and interpersonal relationships.The total score of sources of work stress was (92.86 ±32.19).All the scores were significantly higher than those of grade Ⅱ hospital [(16.90 ±3.74),(11.99 ±3.40),(7.26 ±2.26),(26.10 ±4.03),(16.40±4.22),(78.65 ± 14.61);t =-7.000,-2.084,-1.907,-3.501,-2.542,-4.310,respectively;P＜0.05).Low salaries and other welfare(3.10 ±0.86),concerns for working accidents(2.83 ±0.81),and high frequency of work shifts (2.76 ± 1.05)were ranked to be first three sources of work stress of nurses in grade Ⅱ psychiatric hospital.On the other hand,redundant paperwork(6.17 ± 2.03 ),low salaries and other welfare(3.64 ±0.61),and high frequency of work shifts (3.37 ±0.84)were the first three sources of work stress of nurses in grade Ⅲ psychiatric hospital.Nursing profession and work,workload and time allocation,and patients care were among the top 10 sources of work stress of nurses in both grade Ⅱ and grade Ⅲ psychiatric hospitals.Conclusions Nurses in grade Ⅲ and grade Ⅱ psychiatric hospital have similar sources of work stress.However,nurses in grade Ⅲ psychiatric hospital showed higher stress than those in grade Ⅱ hospital. Managers should strengthen professional training,reasonably arrange working time for nursing according to the situations of hospitals,and provide psychological assistance to clinical nursing staff.

Myopia is one of the three main school public health problems in China, the prevalence of which has been showing a rising and low-aging tendency in the past few decades. High myopia can cause several vision -threatening problems such as degenerative retinal conditions, cataracts, retinal detachment, and choroidal neovascularization. Its related complications are the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness, adversely impacting the afflicted individual's quality of life. Therefore, the prevention and control of myopia have become a common concern of family, school and health department. The purpose of this review is to summarize the progression of a variety of intervention methods used to prevent and control childhood myopia in recent years.

Humans ; Root Canal Filling Materials ; Root Canal Obturation ; methods ; Tooth Root ; physiopathology

Humans ; Root Canal Preparation ; adverse effects ; methods

Humans ; Root Canal Therapy ; adverse effects ; methods