Arthroscopy ; methods ; Humans ; Knee Injuries ; surgery ; Shoulder Joint ; injuries

Radiation pneumonitis (RP) is one of the most common toxicities in patients with lung cancer treated by radiotherapy,which limits the delivered dose and may thus hampers tumor control,then lowers the patients,life quality.Based on the progress of molecular biology,RP may be regarded as a continuous progression of events induced by various cytokines involving numerous cells.Researches on gene polymorphisms indicate different mechanisms in the pathogenesis of RP among different races.Besides,more studies focus on the predictive value of dosimetric parameters such as V20、mean lung dose(MLD) and biological markers such as transforming growth factor-β ( TGF-β1 ).Decreasing use of drugs which may exacerbate RP and increasing use of modern treatments may be beneficial in the prevention.Meanwhile as the respect of drug prevention,more and more emphases are being placed on the target molecule of radiation-induced injury.

Objective To evaluate the safety and therapeutic value of endoscopic sphincterotomy by endoscope to the patients with common duct stones after their gallbladders resected. Methods 158 patients with common duct stones after their gallbladders resected were given the treatments of endoscopic sphincterotomy and nasobiliary drainage in recent 4 years. Results 153 of 158 patients got succeed. The symptoms obviously improved such as jaundice and fever and epigastric distention and so on. As for the postoperative complications, the hyperamylasemia occurred in 85 patients of all patients,and active hemorrhage in 2 patients,and acute pancreatitis in 16 patients,and cholangitis in 5 patients,but no one occurred biliary fistula,no one died,too. Conclusion EST is the best way for us to treat the patients with common duct stones after their gallhladders resected by endoscope,and its curative effect is sure and its safety coefficient is higher.

1he increased peripheral benzodiazepine receptors are more significant than normal ones after cerebral ischemia. Its main reactions are the multiple pathological changes,including microglial activation, participating in neuroinflammation response, and regulation of mitochondrial function. Using radionuclide-laheled specific ligands of the peripheral benzodiaz-epine receptor (such as PK11195) for in vivo imaging contribute to the location and quantitative detection for brain injury and the study of the pathophysiological changes after cerebral ischemi-a. In addition, this receptor is promising to become a new target of neuroprotective treatment.This article reviews the recent progress in research on peripheral benzodiazepine receptors and cerebral ischemia.

Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; Humans

Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; diagnosis ; Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy ; diagnosis

Objective To investigate the relationship between gestational hypothyroidism and preeclampsia.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 1 776 patients with gestational hypothyroidism,who gave birth in the International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institute,Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine from January 2013 to December 2014.They were divided into three groups,including Improving Group (n=1 469),Progressing Group (n=133) and Remaining Group (n=174),based on their thyroid function at the first and third trimesters.Levels of thyroid hormones in the first and third trimesters were analyzed.Incidences of preeclampsia in those patients were calculated.And the correlation between thyroid function and incidence of preeclampsia was analyzed.T-test,Mann-Whitney U test,Chi-square test,variance analysis (SNK method) and Kruskal-Wallis H test or Logistic regression were performed for statistical analysis.Results (1) There were no statistical differences in age,gravidity and parity among the three groups.The pregestational body mass index in Progressing Group was lower than that in Improving group (21.1 ±2.9 vs 21.8±2.8,P＜0.05).(2) In the first trimester,the level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in Remaining Group was higher than those in Improving and Progressing Groups [(4.21 ± 1.69) vs (3.77±.3.03) and (2.00±0.57) mU/L,F=27.635,P＜0.01],and that in Improving Group was higher than that in Progressing Group (P＜0.05).The level of free thyroxine (FT4) in Progressing Group was higher than those in Improving and Remaining Groups [(16.18±9.67) vs (14.58± 1.71) and (14.54± 1.74) pmol/L,F=16.188,P＜0.01].In the third trimester,the TSH level in Remaining Group was higher than those in Improving and Progressing Groups [(5.07±0.86) vs (2.57±0.77) and (4.31 ±0.87) mU/L,F=28.986,P＜0.01],while the TSH level in Improving Group was higher than that in Progressing Group (P＜0.05).No statistical differences in FT4 levels (in the third trimester) and positive rates of thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) Were observed in the three groups.(3) Blood pressures (including diastolic and systolic blood pressures) in the first trimester and diastolic pressures in the third trimester showed no significant differences among the three groups.Systolic pressure of Improving Group in the third trimester was lower than that of Progressing Group [(119.4± 11.9) vs (121.8± 14.2) mmHg,P＜0.05,1 mmHg=0.133 kPa].(4) The incidence of preeclampsia in Progressing Group was higher than those in Improving and Remaining Groups [7.52％ (10/133) vs 1.29％ (19/1 469) and 3.45％ (6/174),x2=26.646,P＜0.01],and the incidence in Progressing Group was higher than those in Remaining and Improving Groups (both P＜0.05).The incidence of severe preeclampsia in Progressing Group was higher than that in Improving Group [6.02％ (8/133) vs 0.41％ (6/1 469),P＜0.05].There were no significant differences in incidences of mild preeclampsia among the three groups.(5) After adjusting for age,body mass index,gravidity and parity,the risk of severe preeclampsia in Improving Group was lower than that in Remaining Group (OR=0.233,95％CI:0.057-0.946,P＜0.05).Conclusions By improving thyroid function in pregnant women with hypothyroidism,the risk of preeclampsia,especially severe preeclampsia,could be reduced,which could improve maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Over the past decade , with the rapid increase of the incidence of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) in our country, the diagnosis and treatment of IMN has been paid more and more attention.IMN is an autoimmune disease.Two important podocyte autoantigens , PLA2R and THSD7A, have been indentified sine 2009.Subsequently , serum anti-PLA2R antibody test and anti-THSD7A antibody test have also been used in clinical .Preliminary applications show that these two tests can not only help IMN diagnosis and differential diagnosis , but also help IMN prognosis.

At present,the technology to predict the response to neoadjuvant therapy with biomakers has been widely used in clinical practice.The approaches of biomarkers detection are various,including immunohistochemistry,detection of serum biomarkers conventional blood tests,gene expression profile analysis,single nucleotide polymorphisms,miRNAs,proteomics analysis.With the development of biotechnology,the technology of biomarkers detection is expected to become effective means in assessment of adjuvant therapy,risk,prognosis and individualization in esophageal cancer treatment.

Clinical management of radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RR-DTC) is extremely diffcult. Re-differentiation compounds, such as retinoids, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists, DNA methyltransferase inhibitors and histone deacetylase inhibitors, have been used in trials to increase iodine uptake in RR-DTC. However, data on these drugs failed to meet the initial high expectations. In recent years, targeted agents have been increasingly used in pre-clinical and clinical studies to induce re-differentiation and mediate131I therapy, and the outcomes are encouraging.