In the paper,we will deeply research sorts of ethical problems in medical genetics and their origins through a view of the human dual evolutions,and bring forward the viewpoint that any ethical problem can be originated from the conflict between human biological evolution and cultural evolution.Based on fully reasoning the relation between ethical problems in medical genetics and human evolution,the authors put forward a series of corresponding strategies to solve the ethical problems in medical genetics.

Objective To explore the changes of the internal structure and research topics of oncology from 2005 to 2014,and offer reference for the development of the related studies and research policies. Methods The articles published in 203 journals in the area of oncologyfrom 2005 to 2014 included by JCR were chosen.Firstly,we cleaned the author keywords using the TDA software.After that,we standardized and categorized the keywords according to the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)manually.In the end,we builted the co-occurrence matrixes of high-frequency words in three stages:2005—2007,2008—2010 and 2011 —2014, and drew the evolution maps and strategic diagrams of each stage to analyze the changes of the internal structure and research topics of oncology.Results While the word frequence increasing rapidly,the main keywords reduced gradually from 2005 to 2014.The traditional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy,the diagnostic and the epidemiological investigation were the core subject of oncology.With the screening of neoplasms,the research on the cell physiological phenomena and the genetic phenomena gained vigorous expan-sion.Breast neoplasms,the topic whose deep exploration also led the development of other topics,has always been the hard nut as well as the hot topic of the oncology.During this period,researches on the screening of neo-plasms and the genetic phenomena were developed rapidly.Conclusion The content of oncology will be more thoroughly with some merge,division,development,declining and perishing of the internal themes occurred as well.The boundaries among the sub-structure are becoming more and more blurred and the screening of neo-plasms and the genetic phenomena has gradually become the dominant trend in general practices.

Objective To establish immortalized bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) from SD rats in vitro for further research on the characteristics and clinical application of BMSCs.Methods By using L ipo-fectamine TM 2000 -mediated gene transfection, plasmid pCMVSV40T/PUR containing the simian virus 40 large T antigene gene (SV40Tag) was transfected into BMSCs.BMSCs were screened by puromycin and then cultured on an extended scale.Their cell morphology and growth conditions were observed.Growth curve of cells was graphed.The expression of SV40Tag in transfected cells was identified by enzyme digestion method for the detection of tumor forma-tion.Results The growth rate of the experimental group of BMSCs after the 7th generation was significantly higher than that of the control group.No tumorigenicity was found in BMSCs after the 7th generation.Conclusion In vitro, the immortalized BMSCs by pCMVSV40T/PUR can provide basis on a large scale for its application in clinic and sci-entific research.

Angelman syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability, dyskinesia, speech impairment, pleasant expression, epilepsy and abnormal electroencephalogram.The early symptoms of this disease are not typical, and attention should be paid to identification.In this article, the recent advances in clinical, ubiquitin-protein ligase E3A gene, genetic characteristics, genetic counseling and the treatment strategies of Angelman syndrome will be reviewed.

China ; Humans ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; diagnosis ; therapy

Glycotechnology is a new branch of biotechnology, emerged early 1990's. In this article, the international background of glycotechnology is briefly introduced and history of glycotechnology in China is reviewed.
Biotechnology ; China ; Glycomics ; history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century

Objective To compare the results of common PBL teaching model and modified PBL teaching model in medical information retrieval teaching .Methods The results of common PBL teaching model and modified PBL teaching model in medical information retrieval teaching were compared according to the DREEM Scale.Results The DREEM score of modified PBL teaching model was significantly higher than that of common PBL teaching model . Conclusion The modified PBL teaching model improves the activity and comprehensive ability of students more sig-nificantly than common PBL teaching model, the results of modified PBL teaching model are better than those of common PBL teaching model.

Objective To explore the related high risk factors of hyponatremia after transsphenoidal approach for pituitary adenomectomy and to direct postoperative nursing. Methods The clinical data of seventy-seven patients suffering from pituitary adenomas with the way of treatment by transsphenoidal pituitary adenomectomy from June 2014 to May 2015 were summarized retrospectively. According to the value of postoperative serum natremia, the data were divided into hyponatremia group and non-hyponatremia group. The different data between the 2 groups were compared and the high risk factors related to hyponatremia were analyzed. Results Univariate analysis showed that gender(P=0.254) and high blood pressure(P=0.742) were unrelated to postoperative hyponatremia and there was significant difference between two groups in age (P=0.038), max- diameter of tumors(P=0.004), preoperative pituitary dysfunction (P=0.013), visual deficit (P=0.000), operative procedure duration (P=0.008) and diabetes mellitus rate (P=0.023). While Logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative visual deficit (OR=0.152,P=0.004,95%CI 0.043-0.542) and preoperative pituitary dysfunction (OR=0.069, P=0.046,95%CI 0.005-0.950) were independent factors for postoperative hyponatremia. Conclusions Hyponatremia is a common complication after transsphenoidal pituitary adenomectomy. The optimal treatment can benefit the early recovery and more careful nursing should be focused on these patients who are in high risk of postoperative hyponatremia.

In TCM treatment of hepatitis B,one of refractory diseases,must follow strictly the principles of learning the past, but not rigidly adhere to it,and opening up and innovation. The principles of anti-virus, playing attention to objective detection. clinically re-researching, unifying disease differentiation and syndrome differentiation, as well as attaching importance to medicine toxicity and carefully selecting medicines and so on mentioned in this paper are a preliminary opinion based on the above view point in combination with long-term clinical practice and thinking.

Objective: To study the cause and treatment of postoperative chylothorax in esophageal cancer patients.Methods: The operative procedure and postoperative thoracic drainage volume(PTDV) of the patients with postoperative chylothoreax were analyzed.The cause and treatment of postoperative chylothorax were reviewed.Results: Postlateral thoractomy was performed in all 13 cases.Esophageal gastric layer by layer anastomoses were performed in all cases.The sites of anastomoses were above the aorta arch in 12 cases,and below the arch in 1 case respectively.Post-operative pathology showed squamous carcinoma in 13 cases.TNM: T1 2 cases,T2 3 cases,T3 8case;N0 8 cases,N1 5 cases,M0 13 cases.PTDV was 320~1530 ml/d(mean:560ml/day).Albumin: 30~210g.The volume of plasma was 1000~8000ml.The length of time of surgical intervention from esphageal surgery was 9~21 days.Ligation of the thoracic duct was used in 9 cases.The treatmenrt was conservative in 4 cases.All patents were discharged without recurrent chylothorax.Conclusions: It is easy to damage the thoracic duct in the sites of invading,post and above aorta arch.It could partly avoid the thoracic duct damage by good exposure.PTDV is more than 500ml/day,and if the symptom lasts over one week,surgical intervention should be considered.