Objective To assess the post-licensure safety and immunogenicity of freeze-dried live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine(H_2 strain) in order to popularize it as an immunization program vaccine.Methods Totally 5 000 healthy infants and young children aged 18-24 months were injected with single dose of freeze-dried live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine, and the adverse events of 0-14 d after vaccination were monitored. Among them, 200 cases were selected into immunogenic subgroups, and the serum hepatitis A virus(HAV) specific IgG antibody(anti-HAV IgG) was measured 8 weeks before and after immunization.Results A total of 5 000 participants completed inoculation, and 4 999 participants completed safety observation, among which, 424 cases of adverse reactions were reported, and the incidence of solicited adverse reactions was 8. 48%. The common local solicited adverse reactions were redness, tenderness, itching, rash and swelling at the inoculation site, while the systemic adverse reactions were mainly fever and anorexia. The severity was mainly grade 1-2, and no serious adverse events related to the vaccine occurred. Among 200 immunogenic subgroups, 188 participants were included in the per protocol set(PPS), the seroconversion rate of anti-HAV IgG antibody was 98. 91% [95% confidence interval(CI): 96. 11%-99. 87%], with a geometric mean titer(GMT) of 83. 67 mIU/mL(95% CI: 77. 05-90. 85 mIU/mL).Conclusion A single dose freeze-dried live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine(H_2 strain) presents good safety and immunogenicity for infants and young children aged 18-24 months.

Objective To establish immortalized bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) from SD rats in vitro for further research on the characteristics and clinical application of BMSCs.Methods By using L ipo-fectamine TM 2000 -mediated gene transfection, plasmid pCMVSV40T/PUR containing the simian virus 40 large T antigene gene (SV40Tag) was transfected into BMSCs.BMSCs were screened by puromycin and then cultured on an extended scale.Their cell morphology and growth conditions were observed.Growth curve of cells was graphed.The expression of SV40Tag in transfected cells was identified by enzyme digestion method for the detection of tumor forma-tion.Results The growth rate of the experimental group of BMSCs after the 7th generation was significantly higher than that of the control group.No tumorigenicity was found in BMSCs after the 7th generation.Conclusion In vitro, the immortalized BMSCs by pCMVSV40T/PUR can provide basis on a large scale for its application in clinic and sci-entific research.

In the paper,we will deeply research sorts of ethical problems in medical genetics and their origins through a view of the human dual evolutions,and bring forward the viewpoint that any ethical problem can be originated from the conflict between human biological evolution and cultural evolution.Based on fully reasoning the relation between ethical problems in medical genetics and human evolution,the authors put forward a series of corresponding strategies to solve the ethical problems in medical genetics.

Objective To explore the changes of the internal structure and research topics of oncology from 2005 to 2014,and offer reference for the development of the related studies and research policies. Methods The articles published in 203 journals in the area of oncologyfrom 2005 to 2014 included by JCR were chosen.Firstly,we cleaned the author keywords using the TDA software.After that,we standardized and categorized the keywords according to the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)manually.In the end,we builted the co-occurrence matrixes of high-frequency words in three stages:2005—2007,2008—2010 and 2011 —2014, and drew the evolution maps and strategic diagrams of each stage to analyze the changes of the internal structure and research topics of oncology.Results While the word frequence increasing rapidly,the main keywords reduced gradually from 2005 to 2014.The traditional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy,the diagnostic and the epidemiological investigation were the core subject of oncology.With the screening of neoplasms,the research on the cell physiological phenomena and the genetic phenomena gained vigorous expan-sion.Breast neoplasms,the topic whose deep exploration also led the development of other topics,has always been the hard nut as well as the hot topic of the oncology.During this period,researches on the screening of neo-plasms and the genetic phenomena were developed rapidly.Conclusion The content of oncology will be more thoroughly with some merge,division,development,declining and perishing of the internal themes occurred as well.The boundaries among the sub-structure are becoming more and more blurred and the screening of neo-plasms and the genetic phenomena has gradually become the dominant trend in general practices.

Angelman syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability, dyskinesia, speech impairment, pleasant expression, epilepsy and abnormal electroencephalogram.The early symptoms of this disease are not typical, and attention should be paid to identification.In this article, the recent advances in clinical, ubiquitin-protein ligase E3A gene, genetic characteristics, genetic counseling and the treatment strategies of Angelman syndrome will be reviewed.

Glycotechnology is a new branch of biotechnology, emerged early 1990's. In this article, the international background of glycotechnology is briefly introduced and history of glycotechnology in China is reviewed.
Biotechnology ; China ; Glycomics ; history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century

Objective Chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection is not only a medical problem,but a social and psychiatry problem.The consequence is quiet different for the infected person at different time of life.The final control of HBV infection resulted from steps on antiviral therapy.HB vaccination plays an important role for protection of uninfected persons and changes prevalence of HBV infection in high epidemic area.Not all the HBV infected patients need to be treated immediately,but only for those have active inflammation and fibrosis.Interferon alpha and nucleos(t)ide analogues including lamivudine,adefovir,entecavir and LdT are the first line choice for the treatment of the patients with chronic HBV infection.The final goal of antiviral therapy should be clinical resolution,but not viral,immunological,and histological improvements.The management of CHB is still a problem although many clinical achievements in recent years.

The relationship between the hepatic vein and the Glisson's system was studied on 59 cast specimens of normal adult liver. There are 3 large branches of the hepatic vein, that is, the sinister, medial and dexter hepatic veins. The trunk formed by the union of the sinister and medial hepatic veins is present in 79.66% of the cases.The sinister vein with its middle branch crosses in front of the superior segmental portal vein and behind the inferior segmental portal vein of the left lateral lobe of the liver. At the crossing point, the two veins are close to each other.The medial hepatic vein is situated in the medial fissure of the liver. In 62.50% of cases, the medial hepatic vein crosses over the transverse portion of the left branch of the portal vein, while in 31.25% of cases, it crosses over the bifurcation of the portal vein. At the crossing point, the distance between the two veins is about 1 cm.The infero-posterior branch of the dexter hepatic vein crosses over the right posterior branch of the portal vein, At the crossing point, the distance between the two veins is about 0.5 cm.The crossing points mentioned above are useful to perform an intrahepatic cholangiography or establish a porto-systemic shunt by way of trans-jugulo-hepatic vein catheterization.

The relationships between some of the epidemiological characteristics of Keshan disease and the selenium status of populations and local environment in Sichuan province were investigated. The average Se contents of grains (rice, corn, wheat, soybean) and human hair in the heavy endemic areas were below 0.024 and 0.1 ppm respectively; while those in the non-endemic areas some distant from the endemic areas were above 0.04 and 0.2 ppm. These differences were statistically significant. However, the average Se contents of grains and human hair of the light endemic areas were not significantly different from those of the non-endemic areas. In endemic areas, hair Se contents of the susceptible children from peasant families were significantly lower than those from staff and professional fami- lies, and the hair Se contents of the children were significantly lower than those of the adults. These results are in consistent with the epidemi-ological characteristics of Keshan disease. However, there are some characteristics that cannot be explained by the Se deficient theory. For example, the hair Se contents of populations in the endemic areas did not change consistently with the seasonal variations of the incidence rates. The possility of using hair Se content as one of the reference indices for the forecast of epidemics of this disease is discussed.

The characteristics of the soft tissue wounds of the hind legs of 155 dogs produced by spherical bullets of four different weights and in different velocities were observed. It was found that when the weight of bullets is identical, the velocity of the bullet is the main factor to determine the intensity of the damage; when the weight of the bullets is different but their kinetic energy is similar then a small but fast spherical steel bullet produces more severe damage than a large but slow bullet. Shallow but wide and extensive wound is usually resulted. The rate of disability of the extremity with such kind of wound is very high. These characteristics of the wounds give rise new problems in the treatment of war injuries.