Objective To understand the current status and the changes in main disability reasons in the elderly with physical disabilities during the past 20 years in China. Methods　The data of the elderly with physical disabilities aged 60 years and over that were from the national sample survey on disability in 1987 and 2006 were analyzed and compared by epidemiology methods. Results　In 2006.the main disability reasons in the elderly with physical disabilities aged 60 and over were disease factors,injury factors,other factors and congenital diseases and eccyliosis.The cause-specific disability prevalences were 5.262%,1.885%,1.000% and 0.200%respectively.Cerebrovaseular diseases showed the highest cause-specific disability prevalence of 2.552% in all the causes.Compared with the national sample survey in 1987,the cause-specific disability prevalences of disease factors and injury factors were obviously increased.The top five disability reasons in the elderly with physical disabilities aged 60 years and over in China were cerebrovascular diseases,arthropathy,miscellaneous traumas,other causes and unknown causes in the national sample survey in 2006;while vascular diseases,other traumas,other causes,unknown causes and pyogenic infection were the top five disability reasons in the national sample survey in 1987.The age-specific top five reasons were basically the same with the total top five disability reasons of the elderly with physical disabilities aged 60 years and over,and also the same relationship between sex-specific top five reasons and Iotal top five disability reasons in 1987 and 2006. Conclusions　Disease factors are the main disability reasons of the elderly with physical disabilities aged 60 years and over,and cerebrovascular diseases have the highest cause specific disability prevalence.The prevention and cure of cerebrovascular diseases,arthropathy and other traumas become the key points to prevent physical disability in the elderly.

Objective To explore the hemodynamic changes in the brains of newborns with intracranial hemorrhage.Methods Totally,61 newborns,born in Anyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Henan Province,with intracranial hemorrhage diagnosed by ultrasound in early neonatal period,and 50 healthy newborns,also born in the same hospital from December 1,2010 to June30,2012,were selected.Intracranial hemorrhage newborns were graded according to the severity of hemorrhage and divided into mild (n=45) and severe groups (n =7).The peak systolic flow velocity (Vs),end diastolic velocity (Vd),mean flow velocity (Vm) and resistance index (RI) in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and anterior cerebral artery (ACA) of brain were measured by Doppler ultrasound.Ttest was applied for statistical analysis.Results Among the 61 neonates with intracranialhemorrhage,12(19.7％) were grade Ⅰ,42(68.9％) were grade Ⅱ,6(9.8％) were grade Ⅲ,and one (1.6％) was grade Ⅳ.The Vs,Vm and Vd of MCA and ACA in the mild and severe intracranial hemorrhage group were significantly lower than those in the control group,the differences were statistically significant [MCA:(55.1±9.1) cm/s,(53.0±6.5) cm/s vs (60.1± 10.3) cm/s;(34.2±6.1) cm/s,(32.5±5.2) cm/s vs (38.2±6.9) cm/s; (17.1±4.8) cm/s,(15.3± 4.0) cm/svs (20.2±5.3) cm/s.ACA:(41.3±11.7) cm/s,(39.4±9.2) cm/s vs (45.3±9.8) cm/s;(25.2±5.8) cm/s,(23.3±4.9) cm/s vs (28.1±5.9) cm/s;(15.0±3.9) cm/s,(13.2±3.1) cm/s vs (15.9±3.8) cm/s,all P＜0.05].But the RI values were significantly higher in the control group,the differences were statistically significant (MCA:0.70 ± 0.10,0.77 ± 0.07 vs 0.62 ± 0.10 ; ACA:0.67±0.06,0.73±0.08 vs 0.61±0.05;all P＜0.05).TheVs,Vm and Vd of MCA and ACA in the severe intracranial hemorrhage group were significantly lower than in the mild hemorrhage group,while the RI values were significantly higher,and the differences were statistically significant (all P＜0.05).Conclusions Newborns with intracranial hemorrhage have significant hemodynamic changes in the brain and more prominent changes could be found in those with severe intracranial hemorrhage.

To retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 305 cases with apoplectic sequela admitted at our general geriatric nursing ward from January 2000 to December 2011.The subjects were divided into 2 groups:hypoalbuminemia and non-hypoalbuminemia.Advanced age (OR =5.624),chronic heart failure (OR =2.298),conscious disturbance (OR =1.575),dysphagia (OR =1.565),complete bedridden (OR=2.874),pneumonia (OR =3.725) and bedsore (OR =5.336) were risk factors for hypoalbuminemia in the patients with apoplectic sequela.And hyperglycemia(OR =0.066)was a protective factor for it.

Objective To evaluate clinical utility of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in percutaneous liver biopsy of liver occupying lesions.Methods According to intralesional microperfusion situation observed with CEUS,31 of 32 patients with liver occupying lesions underwent liver biopsy under the guidance of conventional ultrasound.Acquirement of adequate quantity of specimen for pathological examination was successfully achieved.Results Of 32 patients with liver occupying lesions,conventional ultrasound indicated intralesional necrosis and liquefaction in 3 patients,while CEUS indicated necrosis and liquefaction in 10 and multiple occupying lesions in 4 patients,of which 1 of the 2 lesions of 1 patient showed a rapid wash-in and washout of a focal contrast agent,the other lesion of the same patient showed synchronized enhancement with liver in all the three phases,and the remaining 3 patients showed rapid wash-in and washout.Of 6 patients conventional ultrasound indicated no blood flow,CEUS showed varying enhancement in 5 patients and no enhancement during all the three phases in 1 patient considered as focal nodular necrosis and did not undergo biopsy.All the 31 patients with liver occupying lesions underwent biopsy in the enhanced area in the arterial phase of CEUS.On the average,each patient was punctured for 2.13 times (66/31) .The successful rate of biopsy was 100% (31/31) .The confirmation rate was 96.80% (30/31) .Conclusion reflecting the situation of microperfusion sensitively,distinguishing necrosis and liquefaction accurately,determining benign or malignant initially and guiding to puncture accurately,CEUS is of grest clinical importance in biopsy of liver occupying lesions.

Objective:To explore the prevalence of posttraumatic stress symptoms among preschool children and its related factors after the Ludian earthquake.Methods:A total of 62 children's guardians were visited.They were interviewed with the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Semi-Structured Interview for Infants and the Young Children and the Child Behavior Checklist-Posttraumatic Stress Disorder scale (CBCL-PTSD) consisted of 15 items from the CBCL.All of the participantsresided in Longtoushan settlement and Longtoushan town (the epicenter).They were randomly visited from west to east in that region.Results:The rate of scored 9 (or more) on the CBCL-PTSD among children was 51.9％ (27/52) in 1-2 months after the earthquake.However,based on the Semi-Structured Interview,the rate of the children's posttraumatic stress symptoms was 26.9 ％ (14/52).The numbers of posttraumatic stress symptoms,intrusion symptoms,avoidance symptoms,hyperarousal symptoms,the new symptoms and the CBCL-PTSD scores were positively correlated (0.30-0.73,P ＜0.05),except the relation between intrusion symptoms and hyperarousal symptoms.The rate of intrusion symptoms was significant higher among those who experienced earthquake than those who didn't (96.2％ vs.60.0％,P ＜0.01).And the rate of intrusion symptoms was also higher among those who was injured during the earthquake than those who wasn't (100％ vs.84.6％,P ＜ 0.05).And the other symptoms were not difference in children under different conditions (P ＞ 0.005).Conclusion:The preschool children who experienced earthquake or were injured suffer more posttraumatic stress symptoms.

Objective To compare the low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) and high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in treating pain due to chronic soft tissue injury.Methods Ninety-three patients with pain due to chronic soft tissue injury, aged 18-80 yr, with body mass index of 18-31 kg/m2,course of the disease 3 months-10 yr, and pain intensity of 4-8 in a numeric rating scale, were randomly divided into 2 groups using a random number table: low intensity group (group LI, n =49) and high intensity group (group HI, n =44).In group LI, the patients received LIFU with the minimum ultrasonic intensity causing senses (acid, hemp, swelling, pain) , and the treatment was continued for 10 min.In group HI, the patients received HIFU with the focused uhrasound intensity that could not be tolerated by the patients, the treatment was continued for 1 min each time and then suspended for 1 min, and the total time for treatment was 10 min.The patients received the treatment once a day, and the course of treatment was 5 days in both groups.When numeric rating scale score ＞ 4 during the treatment, parecoxib sodium 40 mg was injected intramuscularly as rescue analgesic.Both the therapeutic index and improvement in movement were used to evaluate the therapeutic effect, and the quality of life and depression were assessed and scored.The treatment-related adverse events were also recorded.Results The total effective rate was 98％ and 84％ in LI and HI groups, respectively.Compared with group HI, the total effective rate was significantly increased, the quality of life score was increased, and no significant change was found in depression score in group LI.No patients used parecoxib sodium or developed treatment-related adverse events in group LI.One patient (2％) required parecoxib sodium, the incidence of skin burns, nerve damage and abnormal pain was 4％, 2％ and 2％, respectively, and no patients developed tissue swelling in group HI.Conclusion LIFU has higher therapeutic effect than HIFU in treating pain due to soft tissue injury, and the safety is good.

General anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia and postoperative epidural analge-sia is capable of accelerating the recovery of gastrointestinal function,providing better postoperative pain re-lief,improving the patient's satisfaction as well as shortening hospitalization dates.The article summarized the mechanisms of epidural analgesia influencing the recovery of gastrointestinal function.

OBJECTIVE:To study the interaction of cefprozil (CE) with bovine serum albumine (BSA). METHODS:Under the temperatures of 289,299 and 309 K,the interaction of CE with BSA for 50 min had been studied by fluorescence quenching, UV spectrometry and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy. Quenching constant(KSV)and speed constant(Kq)were calculated by Stern-Volmer equation. Static quenching constant(KLB)was obtained by Lineweaver-Burk equation,and UV spectrogram was used to determine the type of quenching. Double logarithmic equation was used to calculate the binding constants (Kb) and the number of binding site(n). Thermodynamic equation was used to obtain ΔH,ΔS,ΔG. Hill's coefficients(nH)was obtained by Hill equa-tion. RESULTS:At three different temperatures,with CE concentration increasing,fluorescence intensity of BSA decreased regular-ly. The value of KSV,Kq,KLB,Kb and n and nH decreased with the temperature increasing. ΔH,ΔS and ΔG were lower than 0. The numbers of binding sites were approximately equal to 1 and nH<1. CONCLUSIONS:CE statically quench the fluorescence of BSA,and the binding of them have been found to certain extent. The process of binding is spontaneous exothermic process. The main binding forces include Hydrogen bonds and Van der Waals forces,and primary binding site for CE is located at sub-domain ⅡA of BSA. There was some negative cooperative effect. CE would not affect the conformation of BSA. The binding site of CE and BSA is near by tyrosine residue.

Hypoglycemia is a common metabolic problem in newborn infants,which might lead to brain injury even brain death when it keeps extremely low for a long time.Therefore,it is of great importance to monitor blood glucose in neonates,especially in groups of infants who are at risk of hypoglycemia,in order to identify and treat this condition and prevent adverse neurological outcomes promptly.It is given that infant of a diabetic mother,preterm neonate,low birth weight and asphyxia are its risk factors.Relative to blood glucose monitoring methods in clinical,continuous glucose monitoring system is comprehensive,continuous and with low pain.Continuous glucose monitoring system has been applied in high-risk neonates of hypoglycemia in recent years.It is of great help to understand the complete picture and change trend of blood glucose,optimize blood glucose management,study newborn glucose metabolic characteristics and the relationship between hypoglycemia and brain damage,so as to define and manage neonatal hypoglycemia.

This paper introduces the concept,the research paradigms and the related theory of the attentional blink,and reviews the relevant researches about the attentional blink of the children and adults with ADHD in the last 10 years.Compared to normal subjects,children and adults with ADHD did show more severe AB effect,and adults with ADHD showed more eye movement behavior.In future studies,standardized RSVP paradigm should be set up to provide convenience for the comparison of results of studies,and find out what kind of processing restrictions will affect the characteristics of different age ADHD groups in the time dimension of attention.In addition,ADHD and inhibitory control related closely,consideration should be given to the combination of inhibitory control paradigm and AB paradigm.