Objective To evaluate and screen the concentration and coordination degree of the opinions of the experts in TCM pediatrics on the preventive method of Practice Guidelines to Prevent Disease for Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections in Children Prevented by Sachet-Therapy;To formulate scientific and practical methods for perfume pouch wearing in this book. Methods Delphi method was applied to this research. All questionnaires were designed based on the literature research and distributed to more than 30 experts for 3 rounds. And the results in the first two rounds of survey were analyzed. Results Totally 31 and 33 valid questionnaires were received in the first and second time respectively. The experts’ activity index was 88.6% and 93.4% respectively. The perfume pouch wearing methods of Practice Guidelines to Prevent Disease for Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections in Children Prevented by Sachet-Therapy was set down. And most of the experts shared a positive view on the concentration and coordination degree of this book. Conclusion The experts’ opinions upon this draft are quite positive. The experts are from all over China, and they are quite professional, with representativeness. The perfume pouch wearing methods of Practice Guidelines to Prevent Disease for Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections in Children Prevented by Sachet-Therapy are generally recognized by the experts. However, there are still some different ideas in terms of some indexes, which need to be further discussed.

Objective To evaluate the clearance efficacy of resin hemoperfusion(HP) on the removal of organophosphorus in the rabbits poisoned by methamidophos(MAP) and its effects on organ injury. Method Six-teen healthy Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into HP group and non-HP group. MAP was given through gastric tube in a dosage of 20 mg/kg to rabbits of both groups. Rabbits of liP group received resin hemop-ersion plus conventional treatment including early gastric lavage, atropine and pralidoxime. Rabbits of non-HP group received only conventional treatment. The plasma concentration of MAP was determined by using gas chro-matography before and after rabbits were poisoned at different intervals. Serum choline esterase (ChE),lactic de-hydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) of rabbits of both groups were assayed 6 hours after rabbits poisoned. Pathological changes in lung, liver, kidney and muscle were investigated simutaneously. SPSS 10.0 software was used for statistical analysis. The comparison between groups was carried out by using t -test. Results ① The typical symptoms of organophospborus poisoning were occurred in rabbits within 5 - 10 minutes after ingestion of MAP. In HP group, the plasma levels of rabbits before,and 30 min,60 min,90 min and 120 min after hemoperfu-sion were (11.43±1.56),(7.82±1.54),(4.97±1.58),(5.66±1.75) ,(5.49±1.68) μg/mL, respectively (P <0.01). After hemoperfusion, the plasma MAP levels of rabbits in HP group were lower than those in non-HP groups (P < 0.01). The improveme, nt of clinical presentation of rabbits was observed shortly after HP. ② The blood choline esterase activity of rabbits were depressed in hoth groups without significant difference. In contrast, the blood levels of ALT, AST,LDH,CK and CK-MB of rabbits in non-HP group elevated significantly than in HP group (P < 0.01). ③ The more severe injury of muscle, liver, kidnet and lung of rabbits can could be seen in non-HP group. Conclusions ① HP can effectively eliminate the plasma MAP and has the potential to improve the clinical presentation of intoxication in rabbits. ② Early intervention of Hp exerts a protection from organ dam-age of organophosphorus pesticide.

Objective To investigate the current status and changing patterns of hemodialysis in Wenzhou areas of China from 1999 to 2006. Methods Data of blood purification centres of 18 hospitals in Wenzhou areas from 1999 to 2006 were collected. The incidence, prevalence, mortality, the etiology and the relevant factors such as age, gender, dialysis ages, outcomes and causes of death in end stage renal disease(ESRD) patients on hemodialysis(HD) were analyzed retrospectively. Results The incident number and the number of patients increased annually while the mortality remained steady. The male patients outnumbered the female every year, but the male/female ratio was decreasing. The percentage of both young and oldly patients was increasing. The first cause was chronic glomerulonephritis, although the constituent ratio of glomerulonephritis decreased year by year. The constituent ratio of diabetic nephropathy and hypertensive nephropathy increased. The constituent ratio of dialysis age 1-2 years group decreased, ≤1 year, 2-3 years, 3-4 years groups were relatively steady, and 4-5 years, 5-10 years, 10 years groups increased. The number of patients receiving renal transplantation and transferring to peritoneal dialysis increased annually. The leading cause of death was cardiovascular incidence (19.9%), followed by cerebrovascular disorder (10.8%), systemic failure (10.8%), hemorrhagic diseases(4.7%) and infectious diseases(4.3%). The constituent ratio of cardiovascular incidence and cerebrovascular disorder were relatively steady. The constituent ratio of hemorrhagic diseases and systemic failure showed great fluctuation. The constituent ratio of infectious diseases and malnutrition was decreasing. Conclusions In Wenzhou area from 1999 to 2006, the patients number has been increasing annually. The onset age of HD is 30-70 years old, and proves a younger tendency and older tendency. The leading cause is chronic glomeralonephritis. The constituent ratio of diabetic nephropathy and hypertensive nephropathy rises year by year. The long-term survival rate of HD patients is improved. The leading cause of death is cardiovascular accident.

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of Xu's Liu Wei Xiaoqinglong Decoction on children's pneumonia with the syndrome of phlegm blocking in the lung.Method:86 cases were randomly divided into 2 groups,43 cases in each.Treatment group was treated by Liuwei Xiaoqinglong Decoction (granules),Control group was treated by San Ao Decoction (granules),both taken orally,twice per day,for 7 days.The clinical effects and syndrome integrals improvement were observed.Result:The total effective rate of the treatment group was 95.34％ and it was 81.39％ in the control group,the difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant (P＜0.05).And the syndrome improvement of the treatment group was also significantly better than that of the control group.The disappearing time of major symtoms was statistically significantly shorter than that of the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Xu's Liu Wei Xiaoqinglong Decoction has certain effect on children's pneumonia with the syndrome of phlegm blocking in the lung and it should be applied in patient with simple syndrome of phlegm blocking in the lung,or in early stage of phlegm blocking in the lung,compared with cases with syndrome of phlegm blocking in the lung accompanied by spleen deficiency.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of serum cytokine IL-4 and IFN- γ levels in patients with chronic insomnia with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and to further explore the relationship between cognitive function and IL-4 and IFN-γ in patients with chronic insomnia.Methods:Sixty-two patients with chronic insomnia were divided into MCI group( n=30) and non-MCI group( n=32) according to the scores of Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA), mini-mental state examination(MMSE) score and chief complaint of cognitive decline. Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI), Hamilton depression scale(HAMD 24) and Hamilton anxiety scale 14 item(HAMA 14) were evaluated. Serum IL-4 and IFN-γ were detected by flow fluorescence, correlation analysis and regression analysis were carried out. Results:The levels of IL-4 and IFN-γ in MCI group were significantly lower than those in non-MCI group (IL-4: 0.875(0.143, 1.655)μg/L, 1.855(0.813, 2.723)μg/L; IFN-γ: 0.450(0.173, 1.163)μg/L, 1.160(0.483, 3.075)μg/L, all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in IFN- γ/IL-4, PSQI, HAMA 14 and HAMD 24 scores between MCI group and non-MCI group. IL-4 was positively correlated with the total score of MoCA( r=0.318, P<0.05), orientation( r=0.324, P<0.05)and delayed recall( r=0.368, P<0.01). The results of multivariate regression showed that IL-4 had significant effects on MCI in patients with chronic insomnia( B=2.161, OR=8.682, 95% CI=2.058~36.633, P=0.003). Conclusion:The cognitive function of chronic insomnia is closely related to serum IL-4 and IFN-γ, and serum IL-4 has a protective effect on cognition in chronic insomnia patients. Therefore, it can be speculated that cytokines may be an important pathophysiological link of cognitive change in chronic insomnia patients.

Fibrosis is one of the key factors that lead to the immune exclusion of solid tumors. Although degradation of fiber is a promising strategy, its application was still bottlenecked by the side effects of causing metastasis, resulting in the failure of immunotherapy. Here, we developed an antimetastatic polymer (HPA) for the delivery of chemo-drug and antifibrotic siPAI-1 to form the nano-permeator. Nano-permeator shrank after protonation and deeply penetrated into the tumor core to down-regulate the expression of PAI-1 for antifibrosis, and further promoted the sustained infiltration and activation of T cells for killing tumor cells. Moreover, metastasis after fiber elimination was prevented by multivalent CXCR4 antagonistic HPA to reduce the attraction of CXCL12 secreted by distant organs. The administration of stroma-alleviated immunotherapy increased the infiltration of CD8⁺ T cells to 52.5% in tumor tissues, inhibiting nearly 90% metastasis by HPA in distant organs. The nano-permeator reveals the mechanism and correlation between antifibrosis and antimetastasis and was believed to be the optimizing immunotherapy for solid fibrotic tumors.

The amygdala is an important hub for regulating emotions and is involved in the pathophysiology of many mental diseases, such as depression and anxiety. Meanwhile, the endocannabinoid system plays a crucial role in regulating emotions and mainly functions through the cannabinoid type-1 receptor (CB₁R), which is strongly expressed in the amygdala of non-human primates (NHPs). However, it remains largely unknown how the CB₁Rs in the amygdala of NHPs regulate mental diseases. Here, we investigated the role of CB₁R by knocking down the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) gene encoding CB₁R in the amygdala of adult marmosets through regional delivery of AAV-SaCas9-gRNA. We found that CB₁R knockdown in the amygdala induced anxiety-like behaviors, including disrupted night sleep, agitated psychomotor activity in new environments, and reduced social desire. Moreover, marmosets with CB₁R-knockdown had up-regulated plasma cortisol levels. These results indicate that the knockdown of CB₁Rs in the amygdala induces anxiety-like behaviors in marmosets, and this may be the mechanism underlying the regulation of anxiety by CB₁Rs in the amygdala of NHPs.
Animals ; Callithrix ; Receptors, Cannabinoid ; Anxiety ; Amygdala ; Cannabinoids ; Phenotype