Caspases are a group of enzymes mainly for the execution of apoptosis.In recent years,studies have shown that caspases participate in the occurrence and development of many diseases,especially tumors and nervous system diseases.Of those,caspase-9 is one of the most important initiating molecules.This article reviews the structural characteristics,activation and regulation of caspase-9,its regulation mechanism of apoptosis,and briefly describes its relation with ischemic cerebrovascular disease.

Extracellular high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) can cause persistent inflammation via related receptors and signal pathways such as receptor for advanced glycation endproduct,Toll-like receptors and chemokines 12,which results in tumorigenesis.In patients with cervical cancer,the expression of HMGB1 increases with the rising of malignant gTade.HMGB1 participates in the genesis and development,invasion and metastasis of cancer through multiple processes.The expression of HMGB1 is inhibited by RNA interference,thus affects the invasion and migration of cervical cancer cell,which provides a new concept for the development of antineoplastic agents.

al recovery. Therefore, EPC may have broad application prospects in the field of ischemic cerebrovascular disease.

The previous studies identify connexin as a tumor suppressor gene,which inhibits the occurrence and development of breast cancer.However,some researches of resent years demonstrate that the expression level of connexin in a large part of metastatic breast cancer is elevated and connexin may promote breast cancer metastasis.Therefore,connexin may play different roles by different mechanisms in the occurrence,development,invasion and metastasis of breast cancer.Rational use of connexin in breast cancer treatment can be beneficial to breast cancer patients.

Objective To investigate the effects of levofloxacin on serum interlukin 6(IL-6) and interferon γ(IFN-γ) levels in the treatment of elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods A total of 87 senile pulmonary tuberculosis patients were collected and randomly divided into experiment group and control group.43 patients in the control group were given standardized treatment, 44 patients in the experiment group were treated on the basis of the control group were given levofloxacin, the total treatment was 6 months.By comparing serum IL-6 and IFN-γlevels changes of the patients before and after treatment and negative conversion ratio after treatment and degree of lesions changes of the two groups ,the effects of levofloxacin on pulmonary tuberculosis were explored.Results Compared with before treatment in the two groups, serum IL-6, IFN-gamma levels were significantly lower after treatment, the above indexes in experiment group were higher than those in control group (P<0.05).After 6 months treatment, negative conversion ratio in sputum bacteria in control group was 30 cases (69.77%), and 40 cases (90.91%)in experiment group, with significant difference ( P<0.05).Of the control group, the significant absorption, absorption and deterioration was respectively 22 cases (51.16%), 8 cases (18.60%), 13 cases (27.90%),of the experiment group was 31 cases (70.45%), 9 cases (20.45%), 4 cases (9.09%),respectively.The total lesions absorption rate of the experiment group (90.91%) was significantly higher than control group (69.77%) (P<0.05).Conclusion Levofloxacin in the treatment of senile patients with pulmonary tuberculosis can reduce serum IL-6 and IFN-γlevels, improve the patients'negative conversion ratio of sputum bacteria and total lesions absorption rate, has a good effect for the treatment.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the characteristics and regularity of drug-induced deaths so as to promote the ra?tional use of drugs in the clinic.METHODS:The case reports on drug-induced deaths retrieved from Chinese medical science periodicals from1998to2004collected in CHKD periodicals knowledge base in China hospital digital library were analyzed statistically.RESULTS:Of the total drug-induced deaths,43.85%were by iv,which dominate the first place in terms of fatality rates;antimicrobials,Chinese herbal medicine,antineoplastic agent and drugs that affect blood system and hematopoietic system dominated the first5places in terms of the fatality rates;the mortality of allergic shock was higher,which made up about31.81%.CONCLUSION:An indispensable measure to reduce drug-induced disease and its fatality rate is to strictly control the indications of medication and enhance the cultivation of professional staffs'professional activities and service quali?ty.

Ample evidences have showed that the failure of early regeneration of the central nervous system(CNS) in adult mammals is mainly due to the growth inhibitory factor. Efforts have been made to promote neuron regeneration and neurological function recovery by damaging myelin and removing myelin-associated inhibitors. At present, the Nogo protein associated drugs and gene therapy have become a novel effective way to promote axon regeneration after CNS injury; here we reviews the recent progress on the related issues.

0.05);It was related to the liquid filter press and sealing liquid(P0.05);And the rate of swelling incidence was obviously higher than the phlebitis incidence(P

ObjectiveTo observe the effects of free fatty aids (FFAs) on the apoptosis and migration of human breast cancer cells ( MDA-MB-231 ).MethodsBreast cancer cells were exposed to oleic acid (OA) and palmitic acid (PA) with different concentrations (50,200,and 500 umol/L).Quantity RT-PCR was conducted to detect mRNA expression of PTEN,and Western blot to detect protein expression of PTEN and Bcl-2.Cell apoptosis was measured with TUNEL method,and migration measured with transwell method.ResultsThe mRNA and protein expressions of PTEN in MDA-MB-231 cells were down-regulated after OA stimulation,but up-regulated after PA stimulation ( all P ＜ 0.05 ).The protein expression of Bcl-2 increased after OA stimulation and decreased after PA stimulation ( both P ＜ 0.05 ).PA increased the apoptosis,and both OA and PA enhanced the invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells.ConclusionsPA may promote apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells through changing the expression of the tumor suppressor PTEN,but also increases the invasion of the cancer cells.The invasion of cancer cells could be enhanced by OA stimulation as well.

Studies demonstrate that the serum level of cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21-1 ( CYFRA21-1 ) is high in various cancer types.As a novel epithelial cells derived tumor marker,detection of the serum level of CYFRA21-1 is of great clinical significance for screening and diagnosis,curative effect evaluation,recurrent monitoring and prognosis assessment for cancer patients.