Pancreatic cancer is one of the most malignant gastrointestinal tumors,characterized by a poor prognosis,absence of specific clinical symptoms and signs,prone to metastases and lack of response to conventional therapy.1 year survival rate of this disease increased to about 20 ％ by gemcitabine,but the morbidity and mortality rates are still higher and higher in the whole worldwide.DNA methylation is one of the mechanisms of epigenetics which is the study of heritable changes in gene expression that are not coded in the DNA sequence itself.It seems that DNA methylation indeed plays an important role in the development and progression of pancreatic cancer.

Newborns,especially premature newborns,because of immature of immune function,have high incidence of sepsis.Today sepsis is still an important cause of neonatal death and poor prognosis.Unfortunately,clinical signs of sepsis are non-specific,so early diagnosis and treatment of the newborn infant with suspected sepsis are essential to prevent severe complications.Blood culture is the gold standard for diagnosis of sepsis,but the positive rote is low.Indicators in diagnosis of sepsis included acute phase reaction proteins,cytokines,cell surface antigen and bacterial DNA testing.This article compares and analyzes the indicators in diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is one of the most common chronic respiratory diseases in premature infants, especially in very low birth weight infants.Lung immaturity, inflammatory injury, oxidative stress and abnormal repair after injury are the important factors.Leukotriene is an inflammatory mediator of 5-lipoxygenase pathway and participates in the occurrence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.Montelukast, as a leukotriene receptor antagonist, may play a role in the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia through anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation and anti-fibrosis.This article will review the potential mechanism and related clinical researches of montelukast which is used in treating bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Therapeutic effect of pancreatic cancer depends on early detection and effective treatment.The early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is so difficult that the discovery of pancreatic cancer is often in mid and late stages,so the treatment of meaning is not so satisfying.In recent years the rapid study of proteomics has brought great hope in the early discovery of pancreatic cancer to make it the post-genome era of functional genomics research in hot areas.Separating and identifying the serum、juice and tissue of patients with pancreatic cancer to find out the different proteins between normal and sick individuals can provide theoretical base and new ideas for the pathogenesis and early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.

The immunohistochemical staining showed the connexin 43 (Cx43) was strongly expressed (average gray value, AGV=230±5), distributed at junction area and intercalated disks of cardiocytes in normal rats,and much less expressed (AGV 193±4) (P<0.01) and distribution-disorganized in STZ-induced diabetic rats. This may be associated with the pathogenesis of diabetic myocardial lesions.

Objective To explore the efficacy of flupenthixol melitracen in the treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD) and its effects on receptivity expansion and visceral sensitivity.Methods A randomized,controlled,multi-centre study was carried out.The FD patients with depression were divided into anti-depression group and control group.The patients of both groups received omeprazole and mosapride treatment for eight weeks.The patients of anti-depression group added flupenthixol melitracen and psychotherapy.Before the treatment,by the end of the second,fourth,sixth and eighth week of the treatment,the scores of upper gastrointestinal symptoms and adverse effects of the patients of the two groups were recorded,the psychological status was evaluated by Hamilton depression scale and the gastric receptivity expansion and visceral sensitivity were assessed by water loading test (WLT).The data were analyzed by t test and chi-square test.Results Among two hundred and fifty enrolled FD patients with depression,245 patients (129 in anti-depression group,116 in control group) were enrolled in intention-to treat analysis.Before the treatment and by the end of the eighth week of the treatment,the scores of upper gastrointestinal symptoms of anti depression group were 12.23±4.45 and 2.31±2.13 (t=22.837,P=0.008),the control group were 12.29± 4.62 and 8.58±3.76 (t=6.708,P=0.184).By the end of the eighth week of treatment,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (t =16.261,P＜0.05).By the end of the fourth and eighth week of treatment,the total effective rates of the improvement of upper gastrointestinal symptoms of anti-depression group were 76.0％ (98/129) and 83.7％ (108/129),control group were 14.7 ％ (17/116) and 25.9 ％ (30/116),the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (x2 =92.191 and 83.117,both P＜0.05).By the end of the eighth week of treatment,the total effective rate of the improvement of depression of anti depression group was 71.3％ (92/129),which was higher than that of control group (23.3％,27/116),the difference between two groups was statistically significant (x2 54.434,P＜0.01).Before the treatment,the maximum WLT volume of anti depression group was (850±130) mL,by the end of the eighth week of treatment was (1400±210) mL (t=25.292,P＜0.01).Before the treatment and by the end of the eighth week of treatment,the maximum WLT volumes of control group were (800± 120) mL and (960±140) mL (t=9.345,P＜0.01).All the adverse effects of anti depression therapy were mild.Conclusion The treatment of flupenthixol melitracen can improve the efficacy in patients with FD,relieve the depression status,improve gastric receptivity expansion and visceral sensitivity with a good safety and tolerability.

The previous studies identify connexin as a tumor suppressor gene,which inhibits the occurrence and development of breast cancer.However,some researches of resent years demonstrate that the expression level of connexin in a large part of metastatic breast cancer is elevated and connexin may promote breast cancer metastasis.Therefore,connexin may play different roles by different mechanisms in the occurrence,development,invasion and metastasis of breast cancer.Rational use of connexin in breast cancer treatment can be beneficial to breast cancer patients.

Objective To realize the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of measles,and explore effective measures to control measles epidemic.Methods Clinical data of 554 hospitalized measles children between January 2009 and December 2013 were analyzed retrospectively.Results All children had fever,cough,and skin rash,507 (91.52% )had typical clinical manifestations of measles,47(8.48% )had mild manifestations;the major population were children aged≤6 months(n= 176,31.77% )and 7-8 months (n= 346,62.45% );132 (23.83% )children had contact history of confirmed measles,19(3.43% )measles children’s mothers also developed measles (all were cases of 2013),227 (40.97% )children had history of repeated infusion or hospitalization in large medical institutes dur-ing the measles incubation period (all were cases of 2013,there were measles children who had infusion or hospitali-zation in the same hospital during the same period). The peak incidence of measles usually occurs in January-May. Conclusion Intensive immunization of measles for young women of reproductive age and vaccination with“pre-mea-sles vaccine”for early infancy,and strengthening the medical management of fever outpatients are important meas-ures to prevent measles epidemic.

Objective To investigate the histopathologic changes of andometrium and research the cause of abnomal uterine bleeding in permenopausal women.Methods The biopsy sample of andometrium of 870 cases with abnomal uterine bleeding in permenopausal women were restrospectively analyzed.Results The most commonly hostopathologic change in andometrium of abnomal ulterine bleeding in permenopausal women is endometrial hyperplasia(76.67%).The most cases were simple hyperplasia(66.12%).3.0%of cases were endometrial carcinoma,most of them were well-differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma(88.46%).The morphological features of the endometrial adenocarcinomas is loss of polarity of the endometrial glands.The tumor cells have large round vesicular nuclei,prominent nucleoli and coarse chromatin.In addition,endometrial stroma was instead of by the fibrous and/or granulation tissue type stroma,usually with inflammatory response.Conclusions Abnormal ulterine bleeding occurred mainly in permenopausal period.Endometrial hyperplasia is the main cause of abnomal ulterine bleeding in permenopausal period.Most endometrial carcinomas in perimenpausal period are well-differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinomas.An important differential diagnosis of the endometrioid carcinoma in a curettage specimen is to differentiate it from atypical endometrial hyperplasia and atypical polypoid adenomyoma.

The therapeutic response of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) differs among individuals.According to the changes of central retinal thickness,intraretinal fluid,subretinal fluid,best corrected visual acuity and other morphological or functional manifestations after treatment,the performance of the treated eyes can be classified as optimal response,poor response and non-response.A variety of factors could account for poor or non-response to anti-VEGF,such as genomic polymorphism and specific genomic risk alleles,lesion characteristics,vitreous and macular structural abnormalities,resistance to anti-VEGF drug,and the role of pericytes and others.The common counter measures include increasing the dosage,shortening the injection interval and replacing with another alternative drug,inhibition of pericytes,relieving vitreomacular anatomical abnormalities.It is still worthy of further exploration that how to assess individual reasons for non-response,so that we can give proper treatment to reduce the excessive use of anti-VEGF drugs and improve the clinical management of ocular neovascularization diseases.