Amino acids (AA) as substrates of gluconeogenesis could promote endogenous glucose production.Some AA can enhance insulin secretion. Recently,many studies have found that some AA can also activate mammalian target of rapamycin-S6 kinase 1 ( mTOR-S6K1 ) pathway,resulting in maintaining pancreatic β cell function on one hand,and on the other hand,inhibiting insulin signal transduction of insulin-sensitive cells and thus causing insulin resistance.

Objective To investigate the optimum extraction of total flavonoids and baicalin in baical skullcap root. Methods Ultraviolet spectrophotometry was used to detect the content of total flavonoids, HPLC was used to detect the content of baicalin. With the test of extracting method, time, frequency, and adding water volume, the optimum extracting craft was determined. Results The best craft for extraction was:heating water for recirculation, setting extracting time for 1.5 h, extracting frequency for 3 times, and water volume for 8 times of baical skullcap root. Conclusion The optimized process for extraction are stable, reasonable and feasible.

Objective:To investigate the anti-gout capsule ( AGC) effect on acute gouty arthritis ( AGA) rat tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)level.Methods: Selected 60 SD rats,were randomly divided into normal group,model group,colchicine group(0.8 mg/kg),AGC low dose group (0.3 g/kg) and AGC high dose group (1.2 g/kg),12 rats in each group,detected each group articular cartilage,serum and synovial fluid TNF-αcontent,observed rats ankle swelling.Results: The model group 24 h,48 h gait behavior scores were(2.57±0.43)point and(2.11±0.50)point,significantly higher than other groups (P<0.05);colchicine group,AGC low dose group and AGC high dose group 24 h,48 h gait behavior score were significantly lower than that of model group (P<0.05).The model group began to swell after modeling 2 h,reached the peak at 12-24 h.The rats in the modeling 72 h each period ,the model group ankle swelling rate were significantly higher than the normal group , the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05 ) .Colchicine group 12 h,24 h and 48 h ankle swelling rate was significantly lower than that of model group ( P<0.05 ) ,AGC high dose group 12 h,24 h,48 h and 72 h ankle swelling rate was significantly lower than that of model group ( P<0.05 ) ,AGC low dose group ankle swelling rate was lower than that of the model group only in 24 h ( P<0.05 ) .The model group articular cartilage TNF-αexpression significantly increased compared with normal group ( P<0.05 ) ,but model group and colchicine group difference were no statistically significant ( P>0.05 );AGC high dose group and low dose group articular cartilage TNF-αexpression significantly decreased than model group ( P<0.05).The model group serum and synovial fluid TNF-αcontent were significantly higher than the normal group (P<0.05);colchicine group,AGC low dose group and AGC high dose group serum and synovial fluid TNF-αcontent reduced compared with the model group (P<0.05);AGC low dose group and AGC high dose group serum TNF-αwere(0.81±0.27)ng/ml and(0.79±0.31)ng/ml,lower than the colchicines group ( P<0.05 ).Conclusion:AGC can significantly improve the joint symptoms of AGA rats ,decrease AGA rats articular cartilage tissue ,serum and synovial fluid TNF-αlevel.

Neonatal hypoglycemia is a common clinical disease.Hypoglycemia can lead to severe acute and long-term dysfunction of nervous system.The several aspects of neonatal hypoglyccmia such as the definition,diagnosis of brain injury,risk factors,treatment,detection method and long-term follow-up were reviewed.

Objective To evaluate the quality of life (QOL) in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients and analyze the non-medical factors influencing QOL in order to explore the possible way to improve QOL in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.Methods Seventy-nine chronic renal failure patients treated with PD included in the present study.Investigated their age,sex,working status,education,medical burden and family support.Patients' QOL was evaluated by international questionnaire-KDQOL/SF-36.Patients' anxiety/depmssion status was evaluated by Hamilton depression questionnaire.Results (1)The SF-36 with its eight scales of CAPD patients were markedly lower than ordinary people (P＜0.05 or＜0.01).(2) Comparing with those on work,the patients without work got lower SF-36 scores[(45.78±16.93) seores vs (32.65±12.26) scores,P＜0.05].Comparing with those who had medical care,the patients without medical care got much lower SF-36 scores [(49.62±13.20) scores vs (33.85±6.24) scores,P＜0.05].Patients with higher income had better QOL.(3) Patients cared by their children and companion had the higheat SF-36 [(68.33±14.73) scores],while those cared by nursemaid or themselves had the lowest [(27.98±15.77) scores].(4) Among the 79 patients,43 patients (54.4%) were anxiety and 12 patients (15.2%) were depression.QOL was negatively correlated with anxiety index and depression index.Conclusion The QOL of CAPD patients are remarkably low,which is deeply influenced by many non-medical factors such as working status,medical burden,family support and emotional status.

Neural stem cells are a study hot spot in neurobiological science and neurosurgery in the near future. The transplantation of neural stem cells already became a new way which be used for treating the injury and degenerative disease in the nervous system, because of the self-renewal and cell differentiation bionomics. However, how to get massive neural stem cells, which can be used in animal experiment and clinical application, has constrainted the development of stem cell technique.This article introduced the harvesting methods of embryonic stem cells, adult neural stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells, in order to lead cellular transplant treatment into clinical treatment plan by a safe and effective mode.

Based on concerns during stents manufacturing, the tubing purchase specifications of coronary stents have been proposed, and the key role of process inspection for judging the qualified tubing have been justified. By comparing the incoming inspection and the process inspection, it is concluded that the process inspection, as basis for optimizing tubing, is indispensable for selecting and confirming the tubing.

Animal model of aged rat nephrotoxicity was induced by i. p. administrationof gentamycin in a dose of 140mg/kg/day. Part of those rats were treated with CordycepsSinensis(CS), Epimedium(Ep) and Astragalus Membranaccus (AM) in form of decoc-tion per Os and others seryed as control. The results were summarized as. 1. The nephro-toxicity of gentamycin was aggrevated with age. CS, Ep and AM are effective drugs inpreventing the tdeular damage caused by gentamycin in rats. The pathological changes ofrenal tuoules of the rat groups which treated with CS, Ep and AM were less severe thanthat of the control. 2. CS, Ep and AM could prevent the decline of renal cortical Na~+-K~+-ATPase activity of aged rat induced by gentamycin.

thymus.It is not clear why and how these distribution exist,which is possibly correlated to recruitment,homing,subset,and microenvironment of NK cells in each tissue or organ.

Diabetic nephropathy( DN) is one of the main manifestations of diabetic microvascular dis?ease,and it is a major factor in the death of diabetes.At present,the treatment of DN is mainly focused on the control of high blood sugar and high blood pressure.Although angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angio?tensin II receptor antagonists can slow the progression of DN,there were a lot of patients deteriorate to renal fail?ure.The role of vitamin B supplementation in preventing microvascular complications of diabetes has already been a focus of research for some years.In this paper,the role of B vitamins in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and DN,effect of vitamin B supplementation on treatment in DN were discussed.