Humans ; Lymphoma ; Tumor Microenvironment

Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Biopsy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Kidney ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; etiology ; pathology ; Male ; Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney ; complications ; Nephritis ; complications ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; complications ; Radiography

Breast cancer ranks among the most prevalent malignancies in women. Specific aspects of both breast cancer cells and the bone microenvironment contribute to the development of bone metastases. Breast cancers express chemokine receptors, integrins, cadherins, and bone-resorbing and bone-forming factors that contribute to the successful and preferential spread of tumor from breast to bone. Bone is rich in growth factors and cell types that make it a favorable environment for breast cancer cell growth. Once breast cancer cells enter the bone, breast cancer cells can secrete factors that act on bone cells and other cells within the bone, causing them to secrete factors that act on adjacent cancer cells. The steps in the metastatic cascade and the vicious cycle within bone offer unique targets for adjuvant treatments to treat and cure bone metastasis.

The third generation of aromatase inhibitors (AI) play an important role in the adjuvant treatment of hormonal positive postmenopausal breast cancer. Compared with tamoxifen, either upfront or sequential using of Al can both significantly improve the outcome of breast cancer patients. However, there is a continuous debate of sequence or upfront usage of Al in clinical applications. With the publication result of BIG 1-98 clinical trial and interpretation of the data, we can further recognize and optimize the usage of Al in breast cancer treatment.

Objective　The conditional hierarchical clustering for 1-dimensional(1-d) ordinal data was discussed.Methods　Because the individuals are ordered in 1-d,the conditional matrix was constructed with all elements in the second-diagonal are 1 and the others are 0.Distance matrix of individuals defined by some particular definition.Then the conditional-distance matrix was made for the hierarchical clustering by connecting the conditional matrix and distance matrix.This method was called 1-dimentsional conditional hierarchical clustering.An example was illustrated by this method and a Monte Carol study showed that method was feasible and robust.Results　Compared with the least-squares partition,this method is easy to understand,easy to practice and easy to compute.It also can give us a stable result.Conclusion　Because of the austere theory,the simple thought and the convenient application,it's a good method for the 1-d ordinal data.

Objective:To compare the regulatory effect of EF and two Kidney-tonifying recipes as well as Spleen-invigorating recipe on expression of T lymphocytes apoptosis related genes in Corticosterone-treated rats.Methods:To quantify and compare the T lymphocytes apoptosis percentage and the expression the pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes related to T cell apoptosis in every experimental groups using TUNEL method and flow cytometry assay, as well as the fluorescence real time PCR technology.Results:The percentage of T cell apoptosis and the expression of apoptosis related genes were significantly regulated by EF and two Kidney-tonifying recipes, while the Spleen-invigorating recipe had no significant effect with respect to these parameters.Conclusion:EF can be used to represent the effect of Kidney-tonifying recipes in antagonizing the inhibiting effect of exo-corticosterone with respect to T lymphocytes.

OBJECTIVE:To cultivate qualified prescription-checking pharmacists and to ensure patients'rational drug use. METHODS:The status quo of prescription-checking pharmacists in China was analyzed and some concrete suggestions on how to cultivate qualified prescription-checking pharmacists were made.RESULTS:The phenomena of low educational level and low professional title,lack of professional knowledge and medical knowledge,lack of staff members were widespread in today's Chinese prescription-checking pharmacist professionals.CONCLUSION:The rational drug use can only be realized through being fully aware of the importance of prescription-checking pharmacists,enhancing whose admittance qualifications,working out professional standards for whom,clearly defining their responsibilities,strengthening their cultivation and increasing their numbers.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the working pattern and importance of providing pharmaceutical care for medical staff and patients. METHODS:The practical experiences of providing integrated pharmaceutical care for medical staff and patients in our hospital were summarized. RESULTS&CONCLUSION:Only new working pattern of human- oriented hospital pharmacy is established and pharmaceutical care for medical staff and patients is provided,does the combination of pharmacists,doctors and nurses in the medical practice realize.

Objective]To study the discipline of Guizhi Tang in clinical application, understand further indication of Guizhi Tang to improve clinical efficacy. [Method]After consulting medical cases about Guizhi Tang that are from different medical practitioners, analysis on the discipline of Guizhi Tang in clinical application with the help of six meridian syndrome differentiation, zang-fu differentiation and drug efficacy of Guizhi Tang. [Result]Guizhi Tang can be used to cure urticaria, coronary heart disease, nape carbuncle, high fever, half sweating and diarrhea. The cases of urticaria, diarrhea and nape carbuncle all contain symptoms of tai yang disease.The case of high fever is due to discord of ying-wei. The case of half sweating is due to discord of yin-yang. The case of coronary heart disease reflects Guizhi Tang can regulate spleen-stomach. [Conclusion] The medical cases about Guizhi Tang involve the departments of internal medicine, surgery, gynaecology and pediatrics,such as urticaria, coronary heart disease and so on. Using Guizhi Tang should get help from six meridian syndrome differentiation or zang-fu differentiation. When using six meridian syndrome differentiation, doctors should pay attention to difference of tai yang disease and other five meridian diseases. When using zang-fu differentiation, doctors should attach importance to the feature of Guizhi Tang that involves regulating yin-yang, spleen-stomach and ying-wei.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of Shanghai-style tuina method based on syndrome differentiation in treating infantile diarrhea. Methods:Sixty patients were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each group. The patients in the observation group were treated by Shanghai-style tuina method based on syndrome differentiation, while the patients in the control group were treated by conventional Shanghai-style tuina method, once per day, continuous 5 d for a treatment course. The efficacy was evaluated according to the score of the quantization table for symptoms differentiation in infantile diarrhea after one course. Results:During the treatment, two cases in the control group dropped out. After treatment, the scores were significantly decreased in both groups and the intra-group differences were statistically significant (both P<0.01), indicating the two treatment methods were effective with infantile diarrhea. In the efficacies of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome, the cured and markedly effective rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), suggesting that Shanghai-style tuina method based on syndrome differentiation was more effective than conventional Shanghai-style tuina method. Conclusion:Conventional Shanghai-style tuina method is characterized by fixed acupoints, remembering easily and operating conveniently. It has a significant effect in treating children with diarrhea, and is worthy of clinical promotion and popularization. However, Shanghai-style tuina method based on syndromes differentiation requires the solid theoretical foundation and rich clinical experience of TCM. And because Shanghai-style tuina method based on syndromes differentiation is applied under the guidance of syndrome differentiation and TCM theory, it can improve the clinical efficacy.