Objective: To detect the expression and distribution of activated cytotoxic cells in types of lymphoma with tissue microarray,and provide evidences for clinical treatment and prognosis. Methods: Immunohistochemical staining by S-P technique was used for detecting the expression and distribution of perforin and granzyme B in lymphoma tissue microarray,composed of 60 samples of lymphoma tissue.10 NK/T-cell lymphoma routine sections were used for relative research,and 10 reactive hyperplasia were used for comparison. Results: In the tissue microarray,samples originated from intranode and extranode were 48 and 12,respectively;consisting of 42 B-cell lymphoma,16 T-cell lymphoma(10 PTCLs,2 NK/T-cell lymphomas,2 lymphoblastic T-cell lymphomas,2 anaplastic large cell lymphomas),2 Hodgkin's disease.42 samples of B-cell lymphoma cells were negative in perforin and granzyme B.In 10 samples of peripheral T-cell lymphoma,perforin and granzyme B positive were 8 and 9,respectively,but the positive cells were no tumor cells.In 12 samples of NK/Tcell lymphoma(2 in the tissue microarray,10 routine sections),both perforin and granzyme B were strongly positive.B-cell lymphoma,T-cell lymphoma and NK/T-cell lymphoma differed significantly(P

Objective To study whether miR-15a and miR-16-1 can enhance the sensitivity of Raji cells to cytarabine (Ara-C). Methods MiR-15a and miR-16-1 oligonucleotides were transfected into Raji cells with Lipofectamine™ 2000, and then the cells were treated with Ara-C. The IC50 values of Ara-C was detected by CCK8 assay. The growth of Raji cells was measured by trypan blue dye exclusion method. The apoptotic cells were observed by Hoechst dyeing; AnnexinV/PI double dyeing and glow cytometry(FCM) were used to examine the cell apoptotic rate. Results After transfection of miR-15a or miR-16-1 into Raji cells, the IC50 values of Ara-C were 10. 41 and 10. 86, respectively, which were significantly lower than that of the untransfected group(15.43)and scrambled oligonucleotides (SODN)transfection group(14. 92, P<0.05). Trypan blue dye exclusion assay showed that miR-15a/miR-16-1 transfection group had obviously decreased the cell growth compared to miR-15a, miR-16-1 group, untransfected group and SODN transfected group; Hoechst dyeing demonstrated plenty of apoptotic cells. AnnexinV/PI double dyeing assays by FCM indicated that the cell apoptotic rates in earlier period and late period were 20. 93% and 25. 27% in the miR-15a+Ara-C group, and 20. 69% and 23. 13% in the miR-16-1 + Ara-C group, which were obviously higher than those in miR-15a group (6. 99%, 10. 08%), miR-16-1 group(4. 73%, 10. 64%), Ara-C group (10. 88%, 11. 83%) and control group (14. 39%, 11. 93%). Conclusion MiR-15a and miR-16-1 oligonucleotides can enhance the sensitivity of Raji cells to Ara-C.

Objective: To investigated the expressions of ERCC1, RRM1 and BRCA1 (members of DNA repair gene family) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as well as their clinical prognostic significance. Methods: Expression levels of ERCC1, RRM1 and BRCA1 were detected by real-time PCR method in 32 NSCLC patients and 16 cases of adjacent normal lung tissues. Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, rank correlation, Kaplan-Meier survival curve, and COX multivariate regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results: The expression levels of ERCC1, RRM1 and BRCA1 were significantly higher in lung cancer tissues than that in adjacent normal lung tissues. There were significant correlations between intratumoral expression of ERCC1, RRM1, and BRCA1. RRM1 expression level was significantly higher in lung squamous cell carcinomas compared with lung adenocarcinomas but had no difference between different clinical stages. The expression of ERCC1 and BRCA1 had no difference between different pathological classification and clinical TNM stages. The patients with high expression of RRM1 and BRCA1 had significant longer survival time than those with low expression of RRM1 and BRCA1. COX multivariate regression analysis showed that expression of RRM1 was an independent prognostic factor for NSCLC. Conclusion: The expression levels of ERCCI, RRM1, and BRCA1 are significantly higher in lung cancer tissues than that of adjacent normal lung tissues. The patients with high expression of RRM1 and BRCA1 had significant longer survival time than those with low expression of RRM1 and BRCA1. RRM1 and BRCA1 mRNA expressions can be used to predict prognosis of NSCLC.

Objective To observe the regulatory effect of glycyrrhizin on the expression of IFN-γ and TNF-β in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with alopecia areata.Methods PBMCs were obtained from 18 patients with mild alopecia areata,24 patients with severe alopecia areata and 20 normal human controls,and cultured with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or the combination of PHA and glycyrrhizin for 24 hours.Then,reverse transcription (RT)-PCR was conducted to detect the mRNA expression of IFN-γand TNF-β in these cells.Results The mRNA expression levels of IFN-γand TNF-β in PBMCs were significantly higher in patients with severe alopecia areata than in those with mild alopecia areata and normal human controls (all P ＜ 0.05),and higher in patients with mild alopecia areata than in normal human controls (both P ＜ 0.05).A significant decrease was observed in the mRNA expressions of IFN-γ and TNF-β in the PBMCs from patients with alopecia areata after stimulation with the combination of PHA and glycyrrhizin (both P ＜0.05).Conclusion Glycyrrhizin can inhibit the expression of Th1-type cytokines and reverse Th1-type immune response.

Objective To explore the nurses'self-efficacy for palliative care and its related factors.Methods Data were collected via a self-constructed questionnaire,using the purposive sampling method.Subjects were nurses from two “grade-A” general hospitals in Henan province.Results The nurses' self-efficacy for palliative care stayed at a disequilibrium state,mean score of self-efficacy for physical care was 4.00,followed by family care self-efficacy 3.85,then psychological and spiritual care self-efficacy 3.70.Significant difference existed in self-efficacy for palliative care in nurses having different attitudes toward death.The cognitive level for palliative care,past experience of caring for end-stage patients were positively correlated with self-efficacy.Conclusions The main factors of the nurses' self-efficacy for palliative care related to attitudes toward death,past experience of caring for end-stage patients and the cognition level of nurses to palliative care.

Objective To understand and explore the lived study feeling and experience of nursing undergraduate students during high- fidelity simulation training so as to provide the evidence of reforming teaching methods and performing the teaching practice of nursing educators. Methods Phenomenological study of qualitative research was used. In- depth interviews were conducted among 4 focus groups. 28 nursing undergraduate students were interviewed to understand their lived study feeling. Results 5 themes were emerged using Colaizzi's phenomenologic method, including cooperating explicitly, integrating theory with practice closely, promoting disease observation ability and nursing decision making, enhancing self-confidence. Conclusions High- fidelity simulation training was beneficial to integrate theory with practice, cultivate students' comprehensive ability and increase clinical practical opportunities.

Many peptide transporters have been identified in mammals, among which PepT1 has been widely studied. PepT1, a member of proton-coupled oligopeptide transporter (POT) superfamily, is a peptide transporter of low affinity and high capacity and is mainly expressed in the brush border membrane of intestinal epithelial cells. PepT1 plays an important role in the absorption of di/tri-peptide (the degradation products of protein in intestinal tract). Meanwhile, it mediates the transport of peptide-like drugs and the bacterial products. Therefore,the changes of the functional expression of PepT1 in the gastrointestinal tract may dramatically affect the internal and external environmental stability and drug absorption. This paper reviews the structural features and function,distribution, transport mechanisms, and regulatory factors of PepT1.

The right of informed consent is composed of two closely connected rights-the right to know and the consent right.The right to know is prerequisite and foundation that the consent right depends on,and the consent right is also the value embodiment of the right to know.The main purpose of emphasizing patient's informed consent right lies in through entrust with the medical establishment and the medical staff's corresponding informing obligation,helping patients understand potential risks,cost so that they can make free choice.It can maintain patient's benefit,change patient's weak-trend status.Medical consent right is the patients' right to accept treatment or not and chooses options after they are fully aware of the information about their diagnosis and treatment options.Medical consent as an important right of patients is receiving increasing attention.Based on the achievements of predecessors,this article discusses how to protect patient's right of informed consent better.

Objective To explore the correlation between nurses' work alienation and silence behavior.Methods 603 registered nurses were recruited from a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou.They were investigated with Alienation Scale and Work Silence Behavior Scale.Results The scores of work alienation and silence behavior were (34.35±6.53) points and (37.66±6.46) points respectively,and both of them were at the medial level.Work alienation was positively related to silence behavior (r=0.603).All dimensions of work alienation were positively related to all dimensions of silence behavior (P ＜ 0.01).The predictors of silence behavior were age,nursing working years,job title,department,frustration,helplessness and meaningless,explained 42.2％ of its variance.Conclusions Work alienation has positive effect to silence behavior.The administrators in hospitals should focus on nurse,work alienation and silence behavior,and reduce silence behavior by reducing work alienation.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of different plasmapheresis supplement timing on therapeutic efficacy of toxic liver injury. METHODS:96 patients with toxic liver injury and divided into group A,B ,C and D with 32 cases in each group ac-cording to different plasmapheresis supplement timing. All patients received plasmapheresis supplement based on routine treatment. In group A,synchronized fluid replacement was 100% fresh plasma;in group B,synchronized fluid replacement was 40% normal saline firstly,and then 60%fresh plasma;in group C,substitute liquid was given till the in vitro blood reached 12%of circulation amount,supplement order as 40% normal saline for the first supplement,and then add 60% fresh plasma. The clinical symptoms and signs,liver function,prothrombin activity and blood biochemical indicators were observed in each group before and after treat-ment. RESULTS:Plasmapheresis supplement had good therapeutic efficacy on toxic liver injury;but the time of clinical symptoms and signs disappearance in group C was significantly shorter than that in group A and B,and the group B was significantly shorter the group A,with statistical significance (P<0.05). The plasma bilirubin,prothrombin activity,albumin levels of 3 groups after treatment were significantly better than before,with statistical significance(P<0.05);the group C was better than the group A and B,and the group B was better than the group A,with statistical significance(P<0.05). Compared with before treatment,the lev-els of AST and ALT in 3 groups decreased significantly after treatment,with statistical significance(P<0.05);the group B and C were better than the group A,with statistical significance(P<0.05);the group B and C was similar to each other,without statisti-cal significance(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Different plasmapheresis supplement timing have different effect on toxic liver injury. The supplement method that giving 40% normal saline for the first supplement,and then add 60% fresh plasma when in vitro blood reach 12%of circulation amount has more significant effect.