Objective: To detect the expression and distribution of activated cytotoxic cells in types of lymphoma with tissue microarray,and provide evidences for clinical treatment and prognosis. Methods: Immunohistochemical staining by S-P technique was used for detecting the expression and distribution of perforin and granzyme B in lymphoma tissue microarray,composed of 60 samples of lymphoma tissue.10 NK/T-cell lymphoma routine sections were used for relative research,and 10 reactive hyperplasia were used for comparison. Results: In the tissue microarray,samples originated from intranode and extranode were 48 and 12,respectively;consisting of 42 B-cell lymphoma,16 T-cell lymphoma(10 PTCLs,2 NK/T-cell lymphomas,2 lymphoblastic T-cell lymphomas,2 anaplastic large cell lymphomas),2 Hodgkin's disease.42 samples of B-cell lymphoma cells were negative in perforin and granzyme B.In 10 samples of peripheral T-cell lymphoma,perforin and granzyme B positive were 8 and 9,respectively,but the positive cells were no tumor cells.In 12 samples of NK/Tcell lymphoma(2 in the tissue microarray,10 routine sections),both perforin and granzyme B were strongly positive.B-cell lymphoma,T-cell lymphoma and NK/T-cell lymphoma differed significantly(P

Many peptide transporters have been identified in mammals, among which PepT1 has been widely studied. PepT1, a member of proton-coupled oligopeptide transporter (POT) superfamily, is a peptide transporter of low affinity and high capacity and is mainly expressed in the brush border membrane of intestinal epithelial cells. PepT1 plays an important role in the absorption of di/tri-peptide (the degradation products of protein in intestinal tract). Meanwhile, it mediates the transport of peptide-like drugs and the bacterial products. Therefore,the changes of the functional expression of PepT1 in the gastrointestinal tract may dramatically affect the internal and external environmental stability and drug absorption. This paper reviews the structural features and function,distribution, transport mechanisms, and regulatory factors of PepT1.

Objective To study the improving effect of testicular tissue graft on impaired learning and memory in endocrine recession mice,and to explore the possible mechanisms.Method Forty Kunming male mice were randomly divided into four groups by random number table:sham operation group,castration group,androgen (30 mg/kg) control group and testicular tissue graft group.The bilateral testes of mice were cut off to establish castrated mouse model.After modeling,the back subcutaneous muscle layers of castrated mice were implanted on the allogeneic testicular tissue blocks in graft group.Androgen group mice were intragastrically administrated with androgen for three months,and other two groups of mice were given an equal volume of normal saline At the end of treatment,the levels of serum testosterone in each group of mice were measured by ELISA.Learning and memory abilities of the mice were assessed by Morris water maze behavioral test.Morphological changes in the hippocampal CA1 region were observed through hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE).The expression levels of AR and apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2,Bax,caspase-3 and caspase-9) in the brain were detected by Westem blotting.Result As compared with castration group,the levels of serum testosterone in graft group were increased significantly (P＜0.01),learning and memory abilities were greatly strengthened (P ＜ 0.01),the morphological structures in hippocampal CA1 neurons were improved,and the expression levels of Bax,caspase-3 and caspase-9 were significantly reduced (P＜0.01),while the expression levels of AR and Bcl-2 had obvious enhancements (P ＜0.01).Conelusion Testicular tissue graft can improve learning and memory ability probably by secreting endogenous testosterone which will bind with androgen receptor in the brain,then regulating the expression of neuronal apoptosis related genes,increasing Bcl-2 protein level and reducing the expression of Bax,caspase-3 and caspase-9 protein,and finally inhibiting neuronal apoptosis.

The aetiology of inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD) is still unknown at the present time.However,along with more and more experimental models of IBD developed in recent ten years,the therapeutic effect of probiotics on IBD and the possible mechanisms were widely explored.A lot of experiments have shown that probiotics administration can significantly ameliorate the IBD in many kinds of animal models and this beneficial effect of probiotics may be associated with inhibiting microbial growth,enhancing gut-barrier function,modulating immune response of intestinal mucosa and decomposing luminal pathogenic antigens.

Recently,tissue-engineered chondrocyte transplantation has been tried to treat full-thickness cartilage defects.Of the many scaffold materials being investigated,collagen,with good biocompatibility,biodegradable and biological activity,has been shown to have many advantageous features for the proliferation,the attachment and the differentiation.The present article reviews the applications and prospects of collagen in cartilage tissue engineering.

Severe clubfoot has complicated clinical features.Conventional surgical management could hardly get satisfactory results,always with serious trauma,and even smaller foot.This paper summarizes the characteristics of clubfoot in details and its relative assessment standard,principles and advantages of Ilizarov's technique,design of the apparatus and correction procedures.Combination of this and traditional technique and reasonable osteotomy method are also analyzed,complications are discussed for prevention.

Islet transplantation is one of the effective methods for diabetic therapy. Insulin-producing cells oriently differentiated from embryonic stem cells provide enough cell sources for islet transplantation. The article reviews the progress of recent research on differentiation of embryonic stem cells into insulin-producing cells.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the signs of complications related to diabetes in eye In clinic,there has not perfect measurement and method to prevent and treat DR.Proteomics as an emerging subject focuses on studying the organizational structure and related functions as a whole level.The application of proteomics research method can fully reveal the protein expression in tissues and cells with comparison of the difference between the normal and diabetes.The differentially expressed proteins can reveal the various factors in the pathological process of DR to address the accurate regulatory mechanism,and can find some new regulatory proteins associated with DR.This approach provides further theory and methodology to study DR,which has its unique advantages in drug-targeted treatment of DRs.

OBJECTIVE To provide evidence for decision on the risk factors of nosocomial infection in diabetes.METHODS To search CMBdisc and CHKD supplemented by information from trial registers,8 epidemiological studies on the risk factors of nosocomial infection on diabetes from 1997 to 2004 were analyzed synthetically by meta analysis.RESULTS Through analysis age,course,hospitalization days,blood sugar,wound check,and(antibiotics) utilization were of the significant statistical difference.Risk,sex and complication were of no significant statistical difference.CONCLUSIONS The factors of nosocomial infection on diabetes are age,course,(hospitalization) days,blood sugar,wound check,and antibiotics utilization.But this meta analysis only included domestic(papers).There need enough evidence to support the result and may justify further research.

Objective To study the change and clinical value of SP‐D ,CCL18 and CC16 in serum and in exhaled breath con‐densate in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease .Methods Sixty two cases of COPD patients admitted in our hospital from 2010 January to 2013 December were selected as the research object .All the 62 patients were divided into group A(32 patients with COPD in acute exacerbation) and group B(30 patients with COPD in remission stage) in accordance with the severity of COPD .Thirty six cases of health people were selected as the control group .Statistical subjects SP‐D ,CCL18 ,CC16 content in se‐rum and in exhaled breath condensate ,and the relations between the various indexes and age ,smoking ,pulmonary function and BMI were analyzed .Results The exhaled breath condensate SP‐D ,CCL18 content in group A was significantly higher than that of B group and the control group (P<0 .05) ,and the SP‐D ,CCL18 in group B was higher than that in control group (P<0 .05) .The se‐rum SP‐D ,CCL18 ,CC16 content in group A was significantly higher than that of B group and the control group (P<0 .05) ,and the SP‐D ,CCL18 ,CC16 in group B was higher than that in control group (P< 0 .05) .Serum SP‐D ,CCL18 levels were significantly higher than those in the exhaled breath condensate (P< 0 .01) .Exhaled breath condensate SP‐D was positively associated with smoking age (r=0 .298 ,P<0 .05) ,and FEV1% pred ,FEV1/FVC (% ) showed a negative correlation (r= -0 .318 ,-0 .402 ,P<0 .05);the serum levels of SP‐D was positively associated with tobacco (r=0 .297 ,P<0 .05) ,and FEV1% pred ,FEV1/FVC (% ) were negative correlated (r= -0 .278 ,-0 .298 ,P<0 .05);serum CC16 and FEV1% pred ,FEV1/FVC (% ) were negatively corre‐lated (r= -0 .358 ,-0 .382 ,P<0 .05);Exhale breath condensate SP‐D ,condensate CCL18 ,SP‐D ,CCL18 serum ,serum CC16 were are positively correlated in each two (P<0 .05);and there was no significant correlation between other indexes and age ,smoking , pulmonary function and BMI etc .Conclusion Exhaled breath condensate ,serum SP‐D ,serum CCL18 ,exhaled breath condensate , exhaled breath condensate ,serum CC16 are closely related to acute exacerbation of COPD ,and monitoring the indicators can be judgment of the degree and prognosis of COPD .