On the basis of data collected from an investigation on the variety structure of drug consumption in the cities and rural areas of China, we analyse the developing trend of the variety structure of drug consumption in China and elaborate the differences between urban and rural areas and between China and overseas.

Objective To study the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on micro-vessel density (MVD) in the cerebral cortex after focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.Methods Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group ( n =4), a sham-operated group (n =4) , a model group (n = 16) and an EA group (n = 16). The middle cerebral artery was sutured to establish a model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The Baihui (DU20), Shuigou (DU26) and Zusanli (ST36) acupoints were stimulated with slow-fast wave current for 30 min daily. Streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex was used to detect the expression of CD34 and MVD changes in the rats' right cerebral cortex on the 1st, 2nd, 4th and 8th day.Results Compared with the normal group and the sham-operated group, MVD in the ischemic cortex of all subgroups of the model group had increased. It peaked on the 4th day and then gradually declined through the 8th day. MVD in all the subgroups of the EA group increased significantly, and more than in the model group at every time point, but the difference between the 2 groups was significant only on the 4th day.Conclusions Regulating angiogenesis in ischemic brain tissue is one of the ways EA can protect the brain.

Cancer is frequently considered to be a disease of cell cycle. Recently, it is reported that the transfer of functional ceil cycle regulators into caneer cells via vectors has the potential to intervene tumorigenesis development. This therapeutic strategy might allow cancer cells to regain missing or dysfunctional gene expression due to inhibiting aberrant proliferation or restoring phenotypes defects. As an important negative effecter of cell cycle progression, p21cip1 not only plays central roles in cell proliferation,differentiation, senescence and apoptosis, but also associates with tumor regression. In this review, we will mainly focus on discussing some recent progress in novel strategies for cancer biological therapy, related with the functions of p21cip1 in cell proliferation and apoptosis during tumorigenesis.

BACKGROUND: The design of the microstructure of human bone is in fact to construct a model, which could characterize the connecting-porosity cell frame structure. As the porosity structure is represented as irregular curve, and this irregularity has close relationship with the bone function, does the fractal theory effectively find the irregularity containing in the irregular structure?OBJ ECTIVE: To analyze the microstructure of human bone by applying the fractal property, and construct the 3D model that has structural similarity to the natural bone. With the help of Rapid Prototyping technology, a new bionic technique instead of traditional modeling method is presented to model artificial human bone.DESIGN: Computer aided bionic design.SETTING: Biomaterials and Engineering Center of Wuhan University ofTechnoiogy.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out in the Biomaterials and Engineering Center of Wuhan University of Technology from January to June 2005. The material is the original gray chart of hip joint of one healthy middle-aged male.METHODS: The contour of the human bone microstructure was obtained by exaltation and extraction of the grey chart.B-spline technique was used for vectorization. ①The fractal theory was adopted to compute the fractal dimension of typical aperture structure and the result was represented by dimensions (D=2s, s is the slope of fitting line) to find the inherent relation among apertures. ② Monte Carlo method was used to generate the two-dimensional model of microstructure of bone with the appropriate porosity. The 3D model was manufactured by rapid prototyping technology.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Fractal dimension of porous structure of human bone; ② Results of 2D and 3D model of the microstructure of human bone.RESULTS: ①The fractal dimensions of some representative apertures were between 1.14and 1.28. The fractal dimensions of these micro-apertures are rather close, which testified the self-similarity in the edge contour of the microstructure of human bone. ②3D model was generated by cumulating the plane model layer by layer with the rapid prototyping technology. If the high porosity of plane model was ensured, the porosity and connectivity of 3D model could meet the high requirement. Through the computer simulating, the porosity of the model was greater than 40%, which meets the design requirement.CONCLUSION: Fractal theory is applied in the construction of 2D model of human bone based on the requirements in bionic design of the microstructure model of human bone. The fractal characteristics of the grey chart of human bone and the edge contourof its typical micropore are analyzed. The software suitable for 2D tissue engineered bionic microstructure of human bone is developed with VC++, meanwhile, 3D cell scaffold model is constructed by cumulating the planer model, which meets the human bone functions.

BACKGROUND: Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury can result in irreversible neuronal function loss, whereas intrathecal administration of analgesia and neuroprotective drugs has been frequently used in the clinic. The animal models undergoing intrathecal administration of neuroprotective substances after cerebral injury are the basis of studies on the effects of neuroprotective substances.OBJECTIVE: To establish animal models of global cerebral ischemia combined with intrathecal catheterization for drug admistration. METHODS: Global cerebral ischemia was induced by four-vessel occlusion method and intrathecal catheterization was performed. Rats were randomly assigned to three groups with 10 rats per group: sham-surgery, model, and huwena toxin-Ⅰ (HWTX-Ⅰ). Rat models of global cerebral ischemia were established and intrathecal catheterization for drug administration was performed in the model and HWTX-Ⅰ groups. After model establishment, rats from the HWTX-Ⅰ group received HWTX-Ⅰ(1.0 μL/kg), and rats from the model group received the same amount of physiological saline. At 4 days after ischemia/reperfusion, Nissl staining was performed to observe the morphological changes of pyramidal neurons in rat hippocampal CA1 region. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the sham-surgery group, numerous pyramidal neurons were densely and orderly arranged, endochylema was blue-stained, and Nissl body staining was even. In the HWTX-Ⅰ group, pyramidal neurons were orderly arranged, sparsely distributed, and some neuronal bodies were atrophic and darkly stained. In the model group, pyramidal neurons were disorderly arranged, and sparsely distributed in the whole CA1 region; in addition, a large number of neurons were atrophic and darkly stained. There was a larger degree of morphological change of hippocampal CA1 region pyramidal neurons in the HWTX-Ⅰ group than in the model group. Results indicate that rat models of global cerebral ischemia combined with intrathecal catheterization were successfully established.

Objective To observe the application effect of fast track surgery(FTS)in the perioperative period of elderly patients with colorectal cancer. Methods A total of 153 colorectal cancer patients admitted in our hospital from March 2011 to July 2015 were chosen as the research ob?jects. Those patients were assigned to younger age group(<65 years,n=77)and older age group(≥65 years,n=76). Then,35 patients of younger age group(FTS1 group)and 37 patients of older age group(FTS2 group)were randomly selected and received FTS treatment ,and others were given traditional treatment measures(TC1 group and TC2 group). All patients underwent surgical treatment by the same experienced surgical team. The differences between the pairs of groups in different age ranges were compared with respect to the postoperative recovery index ,complica?tions,and medical costs. Results Compared with the TC1 group,the FTS1 group experienced earlier postoperative flatus,a shorter postoperative hospital stay,lower medical costs,and decreased incidence of postoperative complications(P<0.05). Compared with the TC2 group,the FTS2 group had a shorter hospital stay(P<0.05),but no significant difference in others(P>0.05). Conclusion The application of FTS can signifi?cantly improve postoperative rehabilitation,shorten hospitalization time,and decrease medical costs for<65 aged colorectal patients;However, there is no significant difference in benefits for aged patients(≥65)underwent the FTS procedure. Our results suggested that we should consider whether the FTS procedure is suitable for elderly patients with colorectal cancer cautiously.

Cerebral revascularization has been widely used in the treatment of cerebral aneurysm, moyamoya disease, and basicranial tumor. Whether it can be used in the prevention of ischemic stroke remains controversial, but a growing body of research has demonstrated its benefits. This article reviews the present application situation of the revascularization.

Radiotherapy is an important method of tumor treatment .The incidence of complications caused by radiotherapy is high, which seriously effect patients′quality of life.The current terms of radiation enteritis , radiation proctitis and radiation cystitis can not reflect the changes of physiopathology after radiotherapy .Nowadays , a consensus has been gradually reached that 'pelvic radiation disease'is a more accurate description .This article mainly introduces the definition evolution , significance and current status of pelvic radiation disease to draw the attention of domestic related professionals .A new starting point is opening for the curing of radiotherapy-related complications .

Objective To study the treatment and prevention of allergic response in IVP by ominipaque. Methods 39 cases with allergic reaction were divided into four grades of slight, moderate, moderately severe and severe. Results Of the 39 cases, 38 ones were with slight slight allergic reaction, and 1 case was with moderate reaction. Conclusion Rapid and proper treatment can eliminate the allergic reaction by ominipaque.

Cryoglobulinemia ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Serologic Tests ; Syphilis ; diagnosis