Women diagnosed with breast cancer have a significantly higher risk of developing contralateral breast carcinoma.When the dignosis ofbilateral breast cancer (BBC)is established,the challenges for the doctors are to determine contralateral breast carcinoma is metastasis or primary lesions.The pathological type,receptor status,biological behavior and the prognosis of bilateral breast cancer are the issues have to be considered.On the other hand,we discuss which type of breast cancer trend to be bilateral breast cancer,thus more effective follow-up and preventive procedures would be applied on this part of patients to improve their quality of life and the curative rate.

BACKGROUND: Deposition of lipofuscin (LF), decrease of superoxide dismutase (SOD) level and increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) level are important manifestations of senility. Some Chinese medicinal herbs have obvious advantage in delaying senility.OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of fuling shengmai yin (FLSMY)serum on SOD, MDA and LF level of rat hippocampal neurons in vitro with vitamin E serum and blank serum as controls.DESIGN: Randomized controlled study.SETTING: Experimental Animal Department of Tongji Medical College,Huazhong Science and Technology University; Cell Culture Center of Anatomy Teaching and Research Section of Tongji Medical College,Huazhong Science and Technology University; Scientific Research Department of Wuhan Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine.MATERIALS: From October 2000 to February 2001, the experiment was conducted at the Experimental Animal Department of Tongji Medical College as well as Cell Culture Center of Anatomy Teaching and Research Section of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong Science and Technology University. Six Japanese male white rabbits with big ears, fed normally and weighting (2.5±0.1)kg, were divided into three groups with 2 in each group.Thirty newly born SD rats aged 1-2 days, of clean grade and either gender,were selected.METHODS: [1] Hippocampal neurons were inoculated to 24-well culture plates with the density of 2.5×105/L. Cells in each well were randomized into three groups: A. FLSMY group (fuling shengmaiyin composed of Poria,Radix Ginseng, Radix Ophiopogonis and Fructus Schisandrae; each milliliter contained 1.5 gram of the herbs); B. drug control group (serum containing vitamin E); C. blank control group (blank serum). Each group had 8 wells. After 24 hours, 1 mL serum containing FLSMY, 1ml serum containing vitamin E, or 1 mL blank serum was added into each plate well of corresponding groups. [2] On the 6th day of cell culture, XO-HPX reaction system was added to induce cell injury, in which senility model was established by producing hyperoxide anion free radicals. [3] In the process of cell culture different drug was added to the corresponding different group plate well during replacement of culture fluid each time. [4] The level of SOD, MDA, and LF was detected after 15 days of culture.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Level of SOD, MDA and LF in rat hippocampal neurons.RESULTS: SOD level was higher in FLSMY group than in blank control group (P ＜ 0.01), whereas MDA level in FLSMY group was lower than that in vitamin E group (P ＜ 0.05); LF level was lower in FLSMY group than in blank group (P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: FLSMY as a drink is composed of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs: Poria, Radix Ginseng, Radix Ophiopogonis and Fructus Schisandrae; each has the properties of anti-oxidation and eliminating free radicals. FLSMY can strengthen SOD activity, lower MDA level, and inhibit LF formation. Therefore, FLSMY can delay senility through protecting neurons.

OBJECTIVE: Superoxide dismutase is one of the families of enzymes which is ubiquitous, and efficiently catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide anions.There are three superoxide dismutases in human brain that are of benefit to ischemic damage. In recent years, transgenic and knockout mutant mice has been widely used in the researches of superoxide dismutases for its protective effect in cerebral ischemia.DATA SOURCES: Using the terms "Chan PH and superoxide dismutase and cerebral ischemia", the relative articles published in the English from January 1991 to December 2003, were identified by searching the MEDLINE database with computer.STUDY SELECTION: The trials with transgenic and knockout mutant mice were identified preliminarily, then all remainders were searched in full content and were divided into intervention group and controlled group, the random cases were accepted, non-random excluded.DATA EXTRACTION: A total of 38 fully studies related to cerebral ischemia and superoxide dismutase were collected, among them, 13 random cases were accepted, and 25 excluded which included 15 repeated studies and 10 irrelevant studies.DATA SYNTHESIS: Reactive oxygen species involved in redox signaling pathways in ischemic cerebral, it can also cause oxidative damage of some macromolecules cell such as lipids, proteins and neucleic acid. In the ischemic brain tissue, overproduced oxygen radicals and consumption of superoxide dismutases lead to tissue damage. Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, manganese superoxide dismutase and extracellular superoxide dismutase have the same function which can decompose superoxide anion radicals to form H2O2 that are scavenged further, thereby ameliorate edema formation,infarction and cell death, improve the function of ischemic cerebral tissue further.CONCLUSION: Increased oxygen free radicals is an important mechanism in ischemic cerebral damage, all three SOD can ameliorate cerebral ischemia. The protect effect of three superoxide dismutase is related to DNA repairing enzyme, transcription factor, apoptosis proteins and signal transduction pathway.

Objective To investigate the psycho-physiological characteristics of experimental tonic cold and heat pain in a behavioral study. Methods Sixty healthy subjects went through the tonic cold and tonic heat stimulation in a counter-balanced order. Psychological traits were measured before the experiment. Pain intensity ratings were recorded together with continuous Infrared thermal imaging recording. SF-MPQ was employed to assess pain intensity and affective measures. Results Anxiety and fear were positively correlated with cold pain intensity on SF-MPQ,while GESE was negatively correlated with that of heat pain (r =0.57,P <0.05; r =0.45,P <0.05,respectively). Verbal descriptors chosen from SF-MPQ for cold and heat pain significantly differed(χ2=18.6,P =0.04). Infrared thermal imaging results showed after stimulation,heat pain intensity ratings decreased simultaneously with skin surface temperature recovery to baseline. In contrast,skin surface temperature began to return to baseline well before the cold sensation began to diminish(t =34.57,P <0.05; t =23.66,P <0.05). Conclusion Experimental tonic cold and heat pain are not psychophysically identical,but may be predicted by different psychological traits,and may reside in differential peripheral and central processing in human.

Objective To research the consonant pronunciation of patients with spastic dysarthria as a result of cerebral palsy and supply a theoretical basis for their rehabilitation.Methods Twenty-eight cerebral palsy patients with spastic dysarthria were examined using a dysarthria examination scale developed by the China Rehabilitation Research Center.The whole process of the tests was recorded using Cool Edit recording software.Praat4 was used to evaluate their pronunciation according to the pronunciation criteria of “experimental phonology”.Their error rates on 21 consonants were counted and the characteristics of the articulation errors were summarized.Results According to the location of articulation,the inaccuracy rates on labials,dentals,apicals,blade-palatals,palatals and velars in the 28 patients were 21％,71％,53％,71％,54％ and 36％ respectively.Conclusions Patients with spastic dysarthria as a result of cerebral palsy have the most difficulty pronouncing dentals and blade-palatal consonants.They find labial consonants the easiest.

Objective To explore the effect of follow-up by telephone calls on the medication compliance of patients with cancer pain.Methods Two hundred and forty hospitalized cancer patients suffering from moderate to severe cancer pain were included in the study. All the patients were provided with education on pain treatment before discharge.Then they were randomly assigned to receive telephone follow-up or routine nursing after discharge.The medication compliance were compared 2 months after discharge.Result The medication compliance in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group.Conclusion Telephone follow-ups can improve medication compliance in patients with cancer pain.

Objective To evaluate the sterilization effect of Er:Yag laser irradiation combined with 2%chlorhexidine gel on single tube premolar enterococcus faecalis infection model.Methods After disinfection test was performed without molars bacterial infection,200 single rooted premolar root canal were selected.10μL enterococcus faecalis( ATCC 29212) bacterium suspension were inoculated into single intratracheal with high pressure sterilization and and then were cultured for 2 weeks.200 infected premolar model were divided into four groups:control group (n=50),A group (n=50),B group (n=50) and C group (n=50).The control group did not receive any disinfec-tion treatment,group A received Er:Yag laser irradiation and 2%chlorhexidine gel disinfection,B group received only Er:Yag laser irradiation,the C group received only 2% chlorhexidine gel disinfection.After disinfection,premolars were put into 10mL sterile water,mixed thoroughly,and then 1mL liquid were taken and diluted by10 times.Then the 200μL dilutions lipuid were coated on BHI agar plate,and plate could be selected for counting colony count.Results The average number of colonies was(127 ±12) in the control group,average number of group A(10 ±3) and which was lower than that group C (48 ±6)(t=12.005,P=0.000) and group C (43 ±5) (t=19.277,P=0.000). There were only 2 cases,which had obvious ablation phenomena in group A.Conclusion Disinfection effect of Er:Yag laser irradiation combined with 2%chlorhexidine gel is better than that of Er:Yag laser irradiation or 2% chlo-rhexidine gel disinfection.The incidence rate of the ablation phenomenon was low.

Aging is a complex pathological and physiological phenomenon characterized by the decline of many functions in human. Several lines of experimentation showed that the defect of the mitochondria function is one of the driving forces for the progress of aging. During the development of aging, the alteration of biology of mitochondria, the accumulation of the generation of "free radical"in mitochondria, the mutation in mitochondria genomes and the control of the progress of death by mitochondria were suggested to be a number of novel mechanisms for mitochondria in aging. The experiment data focused on the role of mitochondria in aging are reviewed.

Angiotensin (1-7) is an important biologically active substance of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.It has vasodilatory,antiproliferative and antithrombotic effects.The functions of Ang (1-7) are often opposite to Ang Ⅱ. Ang (1-7) can be formed from Ang Ⅰ or Ang Ⅱ .Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is the rate-limiting enzyme of Ang(1-7).The biological effects of Ang (1-7) are mainly mediated by its receptor, the G-protein-coupled receptor Mas.