A research was carried out on 75 rabbits weighted from 2-2.5 kg. The two general types of charcaol used in the experiment were powdered and suspension activated charcoal. Both of powdered and suspension activated charcoal had been sufficient adsorption of thyroxine ingested. Activated charcoal administered 1g/kg body weight 5 minutes after dosing with thyroxine 10mcg/kg had possibily of adsorption of thyroxine ingested better than that administered 0.6g/kg. There was no significant difference in possibility of adsorption of thyroxine ingested between powdered and suspension actived charcoal
Thyroxine ; Charcoal ; Rabbits ; animals

No abstract available.
Charcoal* ; Drug Therapy* ; Mitomycin* ; Stomach Neoplasms*

In the determination of organic solvents in workplaces direct reading tube method have been in Korea for decades. But this method is less accurate and couldn't measure TWA (Time Weighted Average) for 8 hours. Authors tried to detect Toluene concentration in S factory by using charcoal tube according to NIOSH method. The concentration was 158.8ppm. We propose this charcoal tube method should be substituted to get accurate results and to protect employee in workplaces related with solvents.
Charcoal* ; Korea ; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) ; Solvents ; Toluene*

OBJECTIVETo develop a method for determining epichlorohydrin in the workplace air by gas chromatograph-electron capture detector (GC-ECD).

METHODSEpichlorohydrin in the workplace air was collected by activated charcoal tubes, desorbed using acetone, and analyzed by GC-ECD.

RESULTSA good linearity was obtained in the range of 1.0-50 µg/mL (r=0.999 7). The detection limit was 0.012 µg/ml, while the recovery rate was 88.1% and relative standard deviation ranged from 1.11% to 3.57%. The samples could be stored for seven days at room temperature.

CONCLUSIONThis method effectively eliminates the interferences of alkanes on determination of epichlorohydrin and improves the sensitivity by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude, which can solve the problem of detection limit above standard in GBZ/T 160.58-2004.

Acute Disease ; Animals ; Charcoal ; therapeutic use ; Enema ; Milk ; Paraquat ; toxicity

PURPOSE: This study was done to investigate sleep patterns and utilization of the charcoal eyepatch in high school students through a survey research. METHOD: The participants in this study were 80 students in a high school in Seoul. The period of data collection was from July 1, 2002 to 15, 2002. The research instruments used in this study were the measures of sleep and SPSSWIN 10.0 Program was used for data analysis. RESULT: The students went to bed after 12 p.m., but many of them easily fell asleep within 5 minutes. They woke up quite early at around 4 to 6 o'clock in the morning but remained in bed 1 hour. Satisfaction with their sleep was the response for 38.8% of the students. While 77% napped, they generally did so in the afternoon and 38.8% napped for half an hour. As for quality of sleep, 2.5% of the students could not sleep deeply, and 21.7% woke frequently during sleep. Their sleep environments were calm and comfortable, and they turned off the light when sleeping. The utilization of the charcoal eyepatch was effective for sleep, fatigue and powerlessness in high school students. CONCLUSION: Utilization of the charcoal eyepatch was effective for sleep in high school students and while the utilization of charcoal is recommended in life, the effect of charcoal must be testified through research.
Charcoal* ; Data Collection ; Fatigue ; Humans ; Seoul ; Statistics as Topic

OBJECTIVE: Charcoal is the first-line treatment in drug intoxication. Prediction of the time required for charcoal to pass in patients with constipation using radio-opaque markers (Kolomark) will facilitate the treatment, progression, and discharge of patients. METHODS: From October 2017 to April 2018, we compared constipation and non-constipation groups of patients aged 15 years old and over who were treated with drug intoxication at the emergency department. To accomplish this, a radiopaque marker, Kolomark, was administered after administration of charcoal and X-rays were taken to confirm the location of the Kolomark. The rectosigmoid colon arrival time of charcoal and charcoal passing time was then measured. RESULTS: Based on 48 charcoal passing times, 56 hours 42 minutes was required for its passage. The Kolomark arrival time at the rectosigmoid colon was delayed by about 47 hours in the constipation group. Additionally, the time of evacuation of the charcoal from rectosigmoid colon to stool was 15 hours 42 minutes in the constipation group, while it was 13 hours 10 minutes in the non-constipation group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results revealed that charcoal is released in 13 hours 52 minutes after Kolomark arrives at the rectosigmoid colonic position. These findings may help predict the release of charcoal during treatment of patients and facilitate patient's treatment, progress, and discharge.
Charcoal* ; Colon ; Constipation ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Gastrointestinal Tract* ; Humans

Biochar is a kind of solid material with high aromatization and rich in carbon, which is formed by pyrolysis of biomass at high temperature(250-700 ℃) under anoxic or hypoxic conditions. It has the characteristics of large specific surface area and rich pores. In recent years, as a good soil conditioner, biochar has gradually improved its advantages in improving soil rhizosphere micro ecological environment, promoting plant growth and development, and enhancing plant resistance, etc. It has been proved that biochar can affect the growth and development of plants by improving soil physical and chemical properties, adjusting microbial community structure, participating in the metabolic process in plants, and inducing plants to enhance resistance. This paper summarized the research progress of biochar application in agriculture and introduced the ecological effects and mechanism of biochar on plant seed germination, seedling growth, crop yield and stress resistance. Combined with the characteristics of Chinese materia medica, this paper expounds the application potential of biochar in improving the content of secondary metabolites of Chinese materia medica and alleviating continuous cropping obstacles of Chinese materia medica, etc. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the research of biochar in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, allelopathy and heavy metal stress of medicinal plants, so as to provide reference for the application of biochar in the cultivation of Chinese materia medica.
Agriculture ; Charcoal ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Humans ; Materia Medica

The suicide rate in Korea has been declining steadily after peaking in 2011. However, to date, time-series analyses of Korean suicide rate data have mainly addressed factors related to increases in suicide rates. This study analyzed one of the most important evidence-based public health strategies to decrease suicide, that is, preventive effects of restricting access to lethal means via a charcoal-selling procedure improvement campaign, using multivariate time series analysis. The results showed the campaign in Gyeonggi Province had a significant effect on decreasing the number of charcoal-burning suicides in this area. It is believed that the present study has important implications in terms of providing the first empirical evidence for the charcoal-selling procedure improvement campaign in Korea. Further repeated research is needed to evaluate the impact of the intervention when the more enough observational data become available.
Burns ; Charcoal ; Gyeonggi-do ; Korea ; Public Health ; Suicide

Excessive levels of cadmium (Cd) in soil exert serious negative impacts on soil ecosystems. Microorganisms are a common component of soil and show great potential for mitigating soil Cd. This review summarizes the application and remediation mechanisms of microorganisms, microbial-plants, and microbial-biochar in Cd-contaminated soil. Microorganisms such as Bacillus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can change the biological validity of Cd through adsorption, mineralization, precipitation and dissolution. Different factors such as pH, temperature, biomass, concentration, and duration have significant effects on Cd bioavailability by microorganisms. Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and Flavobacterium can promote the uptake of Cd²⁺ by hyperaccumulator through promotion and activation. Biochar, a soil amendment, possesses unique physicochemical properties and could act as a shelter for microorganisms in agriculture. The use of combined microbial-biochar can further stabilize Cd compared to using biochar alone.
Cadmium ; Ecosystem ; Soil Pollutants ; Charcoal/chemistry* ; Soil/chemistry*